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Czech Lexicography of the 15th Century
Voleková, Kateřina ; Dittmann, Robert (advisor) ; Kučera, Karel (referee) ; Pleskalová, Jana (referee)
Mgr. Kateřina Voleková Česká lexikografie 15. století Czech Lexicography of the 15th Century Abstract The thesis deals with Czech medieval lexicography. Based on research into rich manuscript material totalling over 350 items, it describes the development of Czech lexicography from Czech glosses in foreign-language texts and first Latin-Czech glossaries to the flourishing Czech lexicography of the 15th century covering both Latin-Czech, Czech-Latin and multilingual lexicographical works and also infrequently attested Czech monolingual dictionaries. The high number of lexicographical works is divided according to formal and content criteria. With respect to form and macrostructure we discern Czech glosses in Latin and Latin-German glossaries, a bilingual glossaries with Czech as one of the languages, alphabetaries and nomenclators and glossaries lacking an ordering criterion. With respect to the content we distinguish large dictionaries covering as many lexical items as possible on one hand and short glossaries covering only a narrowly delimited part of vocabulary on the other hand. The lexicographical works are supplied with a short description which is in case of short and yet unedited works complemented by an edition using transcription. The thesis also contains description of selected phenomena of...
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Lexical elements of National Socialist language and their lexicographic treatment
Kolář, Daniel ; Vachková, Marie (advisor) ; Hejhalová, Věra (referee)
This thesis deals with lexical elements of National Socialist language and its aim is to study their lexicographic treatment. The theoretical part first of all sketches the elementary historical connection among language, lexicography and the political regime and it explains the effect of the politics on language through three historical examples, among which the language of the Third Reich is the most important one. As far as the language of the Third Reich is concerned, the attitudes of the NSDAP to language and language maintenance are further explained. The theoretical part is concluded by characterization and overview of the most important lexicographic projects which were implemented during the National Socialism. The practical part focuses on the contemporary lexicographic treatment of certain chosen lexemes which were mostly used during the period of National Socialism. This treatment is mostly based on the comparison of their past and their contemporary meanings and their representation in the contemporary discourse. The various types of discourse are analyzed by the corpus methods developed at the Institute of German Language in Mannheim.
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Theoretical problems of Spanish lexicography
Johnová, Barbara ; Čermák, Petr (advisor) ; Zavadil, Bohumil (referee)
The master's thesis Theoretical Problems of Spanish Lexicography introduces issues associated with creating general monolingual dictionaries. The thesis has two main objectives. Firstly, it aims to summarise the most frequent lexicographic issues and attempt to find their suitable solutions in practice through an analysis of significant research studies dealing with this subject. The issues have been divided into two groups depending on whether they regard the macrostructure (collection of dictionary entries) or microstructure (collection of headword information). As for the macrostructure, one of the main issues is posed by determining the criteria for the selection of dictionary entries. Modern descriptive lexicography considers lexical unit usage frequency to be the main criterion. The macrostructure of general monolingual dictionaries should generally not include proper nouns while productive affixes and affixoids, phraseological units with a high degree of idiomaticity, abbreviations and frequently used neologisms should be included. The thesis also explores the issue of distinguishing between cases of homonymy and polysemy and its impact on lexicographic practice. The chapter on microstructure focuses primarily on the issues of constructing lexicographic definitions with user...
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French deminutives in lexicographic tradition (16th - 18th centuries)
Šikýřová, Barbora ; Štichauer, Jaroslav (advisor) ; Loucká, Hana (referee)
This thesis treats the tendencies in the development of diminutives in French dictionaries between 1539 and 1787. In this period develop both French lexicography, a new linguistic discipline, and French language. Diminutives belong to the set of words that were declassificated during the 17th century and were estimated as undesirable for the speech of an honest man - "honnte homme", eventhough these were relatively appreciated in the previous century. On the basis of research we present diminutives that occur in seven lexicographic works (in the dictionaries from Robert Estienne, Jean Nicot, Randle Cotgrave, Pierre Richelet, Antoine Furetire, French Academy and Abbé Féraud). Thus we are able to observe the stability of particular diminutives as well as the category as a whole. If we encounter the deminutive form in the dictionories from the end of the 17th and 18th centuries, it is very likely to be the case of a lexicalised diminutive, independent on the previously diminuted word. In parallel to that, we also deal with comments - marque d'usage - that generally detach diminutives out of bon usage. The occurence of synthetical diminutives, their partial extinguishment and substitution by analytical diminutives reflect the degradation of diminutive derivation in the speech of classical France and...
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Sixteenth-century Eight-language Translation Dictionary (1586) and Subject-centred Analysis of its Lexicon
Ptáčková, Vladimíra ; Švermová, Dagmar (advisor) ; Šustová, Magdaléna (referee)
The object of this diploma thesis is an octalingual dictionary from 16th century from the collections of the Pedagogical Museum J.A. Komenského in Prague. The title page of this dictionary is missing and therefore the origin, the author and the range of users, who the dictionary was intended for, are not known. The aim of this diploma thesis was to confirm or disprove the hypothesis that the dictionary should have served tradesmen and travellers. The methods used were translation, language analysis of the phrase-book and the thematic analysis of the contents of the dictionary. The theoretical part of the diploma thesis deals with lexicography. It introduces the definition of a dictionary and various types of dictionaries with the most attention paid to translational dictionaries. Thereafter, the development of Czech lexicography from its beginning until nowadays is presented. The theoretical section also contains some facts about phrase-books. Furthermore, the time of 16th century is described with the aim to present the period when the dictionary was produced. Regarding the hypothesis mentioned above, the linguistic analysis has brought these results. The dictionary should have served not only tradesmen but a wide range of users because of the general vocabulary and because it is partly mentioned...
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Czech-French pocket dictionnaries: choice of entries vs. lemma frequency in corpora
ANTOŠOVÁ, Tereza
The aim of this dissertation is to critically evaluate the set of chosen dictionaries, concretely the set of five Czech-French contemporary pocket dictionaries. The evaluation concerns not only the overall composition but mainly the choice of respective entries in order to determine to which extent they satisfy supposed users and meet their requirements. The data are analyzed from the point of view of frequency based on the chosen corpus as well as from the point of view of potential user's needs. Besides the study, the present dissertation also includes the theoretical part which presents typology of dictionaries and the key terms from the field of lexicography are explained. This part also focuses on questions concerning dictionary composition. Furthermore the chapters about corpuses and frequency dictionaries are included. The theoretical observations from the first part are taken into consideration in the second part as well as in the overall evaluation of results.
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Problems of narrowly specialized technical translation: electronic dictionary of technical terms related to modern firearms, ammunition and their accessories
SEDLÁČEK, Tomáš
This master´s thesis collects vocabulary from the field of modern firearms and their accessories in English and Czech languages and forms it into a dictionary which compares the specialized translation with the translation that is provided by a technical dictionary. The theoretical part focuses on explaining the basic terminology from the field of lexicography, it introduces a brief look at the development and typology of dictionaries and the process of forming a dictionary. Detailed examination of technical and electronic dictionaries is provided and description of the specific aspects of firearm terminology. The practical part presents the specialized resources used in this work, the process of creating and layout of the dictionary which is the final product of this thesis. The conclusion summarizes the difference between the basic translation and the specialized translation and gives evidence of these differences by providing examples from the created dictionary.
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