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The Specific Features of Collectivization in Svitavy District between 1949 and 1960
Jiráček, Jiří ; Jančík, Drahomír (advisor) ; Jakubec, Ivan (referee)
The thesis deals with the process of collectivization in the area which was the called Svitavy National District Committee. The thesis represents economic and social transformation after the expulsion of Germans from Czechoslovakia. First chapter serves general characteristic of Svitavy District and Svitavy National District Committee which was the intermediary among the government and individual vil- lages. The next chapter focuses on the process of collectivization in Svitavy District divided into three phases - first phase (1949-1953), second phase (1953-1954) and third phase (1954-1960). Regional development is associated with nationwide con- texts which were connected with the process of collectivization. The following chap- ter devotes to individual process of collectivization in selected villages. The author attempts to show the peculiarities of realization of collectivization on the base of micro-historical insight. The aim of the last chapter is to outline the mechanism of judicial repression against private farmers. The main attention is focused on emi- nent local private farmer František Blažek. The trial of František Blažek became de- terrent tool which should accelerate the liquidation of "kulaks". The thesis describes the distinctions among the newly settled villages (by Czech people)...
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Jewisch Comunity in Zruč nad Sázavou
Augustovová, Jana ; Míšková, Alena (advisor) ; Foltýn, Dušan (referee)
In the thesis author concerns herself with the perished Jewish community in Zruč nad Sázavou. Main accent is put on the development of the Jewish settlement in 20th century. The thesis is devided into several chapters. The first chapter is an Introduction. History of Zruč nad Sázavou is sketched out in the second chapter. The third, most important chapter, is dedicated to development of the Jewish settlement since the beggining of the World War II, which signified the end of the Jewish community in Zruč nad Sázavou. The fourth chapter deals with the history of Dolní Kralovice and its parish under which Zruč belonged to. The last charter is the conclusion. The thesis stands mainly on study of archive sources. Data are also derived from the secondary literature.
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Presidential office after the accession of Klement Gottwald
Trpišovská, Jana ; Rychlík, Jan (advisor) ; Dobeš, Jan (referee)
The aim of this thesis is to introduce all changes, that occurred in the Presidential office since February 1948 until the death of Klement Gottwald. After the short introduction, which gives us insight into the so called the Foundation period of Communism and into the life of Klement Gottwald and his wife Marta, follows the opening chapter about the situation in the Presidential office after the February 1948. It introduces two great topics, which would be examined in the next chapters - staff question and organization of the office. The thesis is closed by the chapter about the role of the Prague castle and Gottwald himself in 1948-1953. Books about this era describe mostly the general characteristics of the period and of Klement Gottwald himself. They are not paying attention to the Presidential office. Only one of the persecuted employees wrote a biography - Miroslav Jirásek. I used mostly the books of Karel Kaplan. The memoirs of Ladislav Novák (chancellor of Antonín Zápotocký, Antonín Novotný and Ludvík Svoboda) were very useful for the description of the situation after the death of Klement Gottwald. Even though documents from a couple of archives were used, some questions were left without the answers. For example, the file of the action committee doesn't exist, so we couldn't describe its...
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Life of sisters from Saint Ursula in time of communism
Trunečková, Pavlína ; Doskočil, Zdeněk (advisor) ; Krátká, Lenka (referee)
This thesis deals with the relationship between the state and the Catholic Church during the years 1948 - 1989 and its impact on women's religious orders, namely the Union Order of St. Ursula, whose members in 1950 have been victims of internment and as a result of the centralization of the state in the event "Ř". Specific stories of six nuns documented the conditions in which the Order was forced to survive in a time when the activities of all religious orders were prohibited. The persecution of nuns were forced to work in agriculture, industry, and later also worked in psychiatric hospitals and social care institutions. The authentic experiences of survivors help us not only to reconstruct the sequence of historical events, but also give us nuns personal views on this difficult period, during which, regardless of circumstances, they managed to maintain their inner freedom. Individual narrative report in view of the time they experienced mostly match, but we find little differences. The aim of this work is to find continuity in the experiences, to understand and learn the motivations behind the positions of the narrators and on this basis to achieve at least partial conclusions. Powered by TCPDF (www.tcpdf.org)
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Collectivization in the village Nemetice in 1950-1960
Jirsa, Tomáš ; Stehlík, Michal (advisor) ; Junek, Marek (referee)
(in English): The basis of the text is focusing on the explanation of the topic of the collectivization of Czech country on the example of the South Bohemian village Nemetice between years 1950- 1960, with the use of micro-historical probe to the life of the village. The introduction of the work is dealing with the presentation of the context of the region of Ceske Budejovice and the district of Strakonice, and characteristic of the village in the time before the beginning of the collectivization, from the political, religional and socio-economic point of view. Emphasis is put on the specifics which distinguished Nemetice from common village of the similar size. The main part of the text is focused on the events of statewide scale in the connection with the events in the village, the legal framework of the prepared collectivization, and the description of founding and running the collective farming (JZD) in the village. The aim of this part is to describe the methods which were supposed to suppress the resistance against the collectivization and force the farmers to joining the Common Agricultural Cooperative. The author puts great emphasis on the description of the last phase of collectivization in the village, happening from 1956 to 1959, in which the final establishment of the Common...
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Collectivization in the Central Bohemian Region
Macourková, Anna ; Rychlík, Jan (advisor) ; Blažek, Petr (referee)
This thesis focuses on the collectivization of Czechoslovakian countryside from 1949-1960. The current knowledge of agricultural policy of the Communist Party of Czechoslovakia has been extended with the findings from a former Prague Region, present-day Central-bohemian Region. The first part consists of the analysis of the term collectivization in the international context, where a particular attention is paid to the process of collectivization in the Soviet Union. The author follows two main lines of the collectivization in the Czech environment. The former is the establishment of collective farms which formed the main pillar of the countryside socialization, the latter concentrates on the persecution of those who resisted the socialization, i.e. private landowners, known as kulaks. Part of the thesis deals with the agitation which accompanied the creation and running of the collective farms. Last but not least, the thesis includes the reflection of the fight against the kulaks on the pages of the then agricultural press - regional as well as nationwide.
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The congregation of the Sisters of Mercy of St. Charles Borromeo in the period of 1945 - 1989 with regard to Prague
Kaftanová, Ilona ; Moree, Pieter (advisor) ; Pabián, Petr (referee)
This thesis describes the formation of religious communities (orders, congregations) and their development in the world and in our country. They are described with a view to their charitable activities. It further deals with the persecution of the church in general and the persecution and the life of the Congregation of the Sisters of Mercy of St. Charles Borromeo with regard to Prague in the period of 1945-1989. This section is divided into six particular periods according to the importance of the influence of the state on the activities of the church and the Congregation. Each of these periods is divided into two parts. The first part illustrates the development of the relationship between the state and the church generally. The second part describes the relationship between the state and womens` orders and with the Congregation of the Sisters of Mercy of St. Charles Borromeo in particular. The thesis utilizes relevant literature and archives. Archival documents come from the National Archives in Prague, mostly from the funds of the State Agency for Religious Affairs, the Military Historical Archives and the archives of the Congregation of the Sisters of Mercy of St. Charles Borromeo in Prague. The thesis is closed with some thoughts of the role of religious communities in today's world. Key words...
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Political Trials in 1950s
Cihla, Václav ; Kuklík, Jan (advisor) ; Skřejpková, Petra (referee)
1 Resumé Title of thesis: Political Trials in 1950s The purpose of my thesis is to describe the political trials in continuities. It means the evolution of political situation, evolution of legal order, political trials themselves, rehabilitation and the present view of the phenomenon of political trials. The thesis comprises of six chapters. Chapter One deals with comprehensive view of the political trials, but not only on the political trials themselves. It mainly focuses on legal order, evolution of the judiciary, the background of the political trials, methods used in creating political trials, types of political trials and influence on society. The chapter is subdivided into seven subchapters. These subchapters describe legal order, persecution, political trials (in general), types of political trials, activity of Soviet advisors, methods and the judiciary. Chapter Two deals with the concept of punishment, its application and execution. The chapter consists of three subchapters. Subchapter One focuses on criminal offenses and the types of punishments. Subchapter Two focuses on the capital punishment and Subchapter Three explains execution of punishment (capital punishment and custodial sentence). Chapter Three deals with the trial with Karel Kutlvašr. I would like to present the mechanism of the trial...
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The political process with Dagmar Šimková and others
Blažek, Lukáš ; Kuklík, Jan (advisor) ; Soukup, Ladislav (referee)
The theme of this dissertation is the "Political trial with Dagmar Šimková and others". The aim of my work was to deal with this case of a young condemned in a political trial, to observe it in a larger context and to describe in general an important period of Czechoslovakia history, the fifties and sixties of 20th century on this concrete example. In my work I dealt with four hypothesis. The first one was that the case of Dagmar Šimková as a part of a larger action called "Deserters" was provocated by States security. Second hypothesis was that there was no statewide organised spy group lead by Bohumil Klíma or anyone else whose Dagmar Šimková had been a member and that there were only many people who - in some cases - only knew each other and with no other intention helped two deserters to hide. The third hypothesis I set in my work was that the trial was a political one which fulfiled the main characteristics of a political trial. And the last hypothesis I worked with was that althoug Dagmar Šimková was sentenced in a political trial, she intentionally did an illegal activity she was sentenced for. However, her social dangerousness was not as big as it was described in the sentence. The disertation is divided into three main parts. In the first part, I tried to focus in general on the basis which...
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The School Nuns de Notre Dame in the fifties
GAMPEOVÁ, Barbora
The aim of my work was to cover the activity of the Poor School Nuns de Notre Dame since they have been found. The high attention was paid to their centralization to the Nunnery´s branch in Kardašova Řečice in the fifties. I have tried to outline the period of problematic religious and political systems that kept clashing. The work is divided into several topics that describe particular spheres of persecution. The most extensive chapter {--} Kardašova Řečice {--} captures the time since the institute had been established to the day when the last nun left it. There are the memories of the witnesses that narrate about nuns and their activity in the House for Seniors and Citizens unabled to work. The whole work is accompanied by the archival material, but also looks at the nuns´ witness with the true-life experience.
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