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Validity of primary motor area localization with fMRI versus electric cortical stimulation: A comparative study.
Bartoš, Robert ; Petrovický, Pavel (advisor) ; Zvěřina, Jaroslav (referee) ; Tintěra, Jaroslav (referee)
During my postgraduate studies, I have been working on the problems of surgery on eloquently located intrinsic brain tumors in a wider context. Towards the end of my research work, the technically challenging insular glioma surgery became the main topic. ln general, the radicality of the resection is an acceptable favourable prognostic factor even in low grade gliomas. However, for a safe resection to be possible, a mere knowledge of anatomy is not sufficient. In cases, where a suspicion of an eloquent tumor location arises, careful consideration should be made regarding the the position and the relationship of the functional cortex to the tumor. This consideration can be aided by the use of functional magnetic resonance results. ln our study, functional magnetic resonance was reliable in 83% of patients operated on a tumor in the central motor area (15/18). The distances between the fMRI activated cluster and the ECS targets were within the range of 5mm (error inherent for target-Iocalizing accuracy of neuronavigation system) in 20/26 of our measurements. The spread of the BOLD activation volume is significantly lower during more restrictive corrected thresholding P<0.05c. In all patients with this fMRI threshold, the concordance with the ECS result was absolute. If the volume of the gained corrected fMRI...
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The Assessment in Current Lower Secondary School
Číško, Petr ; Váňová, Miroslava (advisor) ; Mazáčová, Nataša (referee)
This diploma thesis concentrates on the assessment in current lower secondary school. The author divides the topic into three parts: explanation of term assessment and school assessment, followed by aspects influencing the quality of assessment (criteria for assessment, the ability of students to assess and self-assess). The final part deals with two most common forms of assessment which are marking and verbal assessment. The diploma thesis is concluded with assessment of practical exploration. Its aim is findings in the area of practical usage of assessment provided by teachers, especially with marking as the most common form of assessment.
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Mucocutaneous candidiasis and women's sexual hormones
Košťálová, Marie ; Tošner, Jindřich (advisor) ; Kudela, Milan (referee) ; Mencl, Karel (referee)
The aim of this work was to study relationship between mucocutaneous candidiasis (MCC) and women's sexual hormones. This problem is usually solved by dermatologists, gynaecologists and mycologists separately. Our approach is original, because it is primarily based on skin and/or cutaneous appendagies affection and searches for possible coincidence or other relation in vulvovaginal region. We examined 81 women in our study and divided them into two groups according to hormone-level investigation (women in fertile and perimenopausal period, women in postmenopausal period). We also developed "Candida" questionnaire for further anamnestic data correlation. The relationship between MCC and women's sexual hormones was studied both, in vivo and in vitro. We found C. albicans in vagina in both studied groups most frequently at the time of cutaneous candidiasis. In postmenopausal period the incidence of vaginal C. albicans was significantly lower (significantly lower levels of E2, PG). The cultivation identity between skin and vulvovaginal region was more frequent in fertile and perimenopausal period than in postmenopausal one, too. Predominantely concerned C. albicans again, the conformity was considerable in women with established ovulation (significantly higher levels of PG). In presence of C. albicans in...
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Are married women in the Czech Republic discriminated against single women?
Radicsová, Alena ; Stroukal, Dominik (advisor) ; Brožová, Dagmar (referee)
This paper examines wage discrimination against women in the labor market and the impact of marriage on their earnings. Married women are looking for work which is less time consuming and physically demanding and it is possible to combine childcare and household, leading to lower earnings. The paper used cross-sectional data for the Czech Republic from the web survey WageIndicator for 2011 and 2012. Using the ordinary least squares method is found marriage penalty in the amount of 8 - 10 %. Results of my study suggest that place of work or foreign ownership of companies, where the woman works, significantly influences the level of wages.
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Quality of Life of patients with chronic renal failure treated with peritoneal dialysis
Vrágová, Eliška ; Mahrová, Andrea (advisor) ; Beran, Jiří (referee)
Title: Quality of life of patients with chronic renal failure treated with peritoneal dialysis. Objectives: Evaluate quality of life of patients with chronic renal failure treated with peritoneal dialysis. Propose possible ways to improve quality of life of peritoneally dialysed patients using movement activities. Methods: A total of 25 peritoneally dialysed patients of the PD ambulance of the 1st Clinic of Internal Medicine of the Faculty Hospital in Pilsen took part in the survey. Health-related quality of life (HRQOL) was evaluated using standardized questionnaires WHOQOL-BREF, WHOQOL-100, SF-36 and KDQOL-SFTM . The work and functional anamnesis questionnaire was made to evaluate the amount of movement activities that had been carried out. Results: We have noticed significantly better evaluation in WHOQOL-BREF in the domain aimed to evaluate the quality of life from the point of view of living conditions in comparison with healthy population. On the one hand, the quality of life in the domain of physical health is worse than in the healthy population, but on the other hand, it is better than in patients treated with haemodialysis. The ability to take care of their everyday needs (i.e. domain of independence) was considered the most important by the interviewed patients. In HRQOL evaluation using...
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The risk of chronic lesions after radiation therapy in patients with breast cancer
KŘÍŽOVÁ, Jana
Breast carcinoma is the most common cancer in women. In 2009, 5,975 new cases were diagnosed in the Czech Republic. One of the main treatment modalities is radiotherapy, which, besides bringing treatment effects, may also cause post-radiation changes that significantly influence patients? quality of life. The work focuses on monitoring the occurrence of post-radiation changes following radiotherapy as part of breast carcinoma treatment ? chronic radiodermatitis, hypodermic fibrosis and lymphedema, all at Masaryk Memorial Cancer Institute Brno. After the end of radiotherapeutic treatment these changes are monitored by the physicians during regular checks and classified on the RTOG/EORTC scale. I used a set of 98 patients (97 women and 1 man) treated at the Masaryk Memorial Cancer Institute Brno between 1998 and 2009 who suffered from the mentioned post-radiation changes. The data was assessed upon the purpose, radiation equipment used for the radiotherapy, and the degree of the studied conditions. Occurrence of lymphedema prior to radiotherapy was statistically analysed as well. All the patients received the same dose of 50 Gy with a standard fractionation scheme of 25 fractions by 2 Gy, and therefore no evaluation of coincidence of the applied dose with the risk of chronic changes occurrence was possible. Consequent changes occurred in 74 % of the studied patients. Statistics shows that patients who received radiation treatment of mamma or chest and regional lymph nodes were at higher risk of suffering chronic changes to the skin and higher risk of lymphedema, but at lower risk of hypodermic fibrosis.
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Isosters of transkarbam 12 as transdermal penetration enhancers
Šíma, Martin ; Hrabálek, Alexandr (advisor) ; Vávrová, Kateřina (referee)
SUMMARY: Diploma thesis - Isosters of Transkarbam 12 as skin penetration enhancers Transkarbam 12 (5-(dodecyloxycarbonyl)pentylammonium-5-(dodecyloxycarbo- nyl)pentylcarbamate, T12) is a highly effective skin permeation enhancer. In this diploma thesis, T12 analogs with carbamate and carbonate function groups replacing the ester one were synthetised, and evaluated in vitro as skin permeation enhancers on excised porcine skin, using theophiline as a model drug. The results were expressed by an enhancing ratio and compared with the biological activity of T12. The enhancing activity decreases in the following sequence: ester, carbonate, carbamate. The results thus show that it is the ester group in the molecule of T12 which is essential for its extraordinary effect. In addition, homologues with a different length of the ending and connecting carbon chains were evaluated. While the length of the connecting carbon chain does not influence the biological activity significantly, nonyl to decyl ending carbon chains show the highest acceleration ability. It indicates that the length of the carbon chain, and not its lipofility, is important for the enhancing activity.
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Current state and prospects of scintillation materials for detectors in SEM
Schauer, Petr ; Bok, Jan
The two principal quantities are important for assessing the quality of each imaging system. Firstly, it is the detective quantum efficiency (DQE), which is primarily a measure of image noise. As the DQE is determined by signal to noise ratio (SNR), the efficient and noise-free components are the key to the high DQE. Second, not less important indicator of image quality is also the modulation transfer function (MTF). MTF describes the ability of adjacent pixels to change from black to white in response to patterns of varying spatial frequency, and hence it determines the actual capability to show fine detail, whether with full or reduced contrast. Using a scanning imaging system the fast components are the key to the good MTF. In a scintillation electron detector of scanning electron microscope (SEM) the scintillator is the most crucial component, because it significantly influences both the DQE and MTF. The aim of this study is to assess the scintillation materials suitable for SEM detectors characterized by the both high efficiency and fast decay characteristic.
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Utilization of clays with low sintering temperature in brick technology
Sláma, Jakub ; Skotal, Zbyněk (referee) ; Sokolář, Radomír (advisor)
Bachelor thesis focuses on the use of the low sintering clays as additives in brickmaking. Their main use in the brick industry is mainly in the production of facing bricks and roof tiles. They are used for their very good sintering ability even at relatively lower firing temperatures. This feature is the most important for frost resistence of brick fragment. The theoretical part contains a summary and characteristic features of clays occurring in the Czech Republic and abroad. Further their requirements and laboratory testing of brick clay. In the practical part was conducted market research where are outlined available low sintering clays that may be proposed for use in brick fragment based on declared sintering. An experiment was performed in the next part of bachelor thesis to assess the effect of using low sintering clay in terms of particular brick factory in the Czech Republic (Tondach Šlapanice).
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Applications of capillary electrophoresis in life sciences
Křížek, Tomáš ; Coufal, Pavel (advisor) ; Pacáková, Věra (referee) ; Tůma, Petr (referee)
Tomáš Křížek: Applications of Capillary Electrophoresis in Life Sciences (Dissertation thesis) ABSTRACT This thesis is focused on the applications of capillary electrophoresis in two important areas of life sciences, proteomics and enzyme assays. In the first part, Pluronic F-127 copolymer was studied as a sieving matrix for proteomic applications of capillary gel electrophoresis. The effect of thermoassociation of Pluronic F-127 on the separation selectivity was investigated and no difference in selectivity of the separation below, inside and above the thermoassociation temperature region was observed. The performance of Pluronic F-127 in capillary gel electrophoresis was compared with dextran as a commonly used sieving matrix. The results showed, that Pluronic F-127 offers superior performance for low-molecular-mass proteins because it provides higher separation power than dextran with significantly lower viscosity of the background electrolyte. The lower viscosity makes the polymer easier to replace after each analysis, which leads to remarkably higher repeatability of the experiments. On the other hand, dextran, due to its higher viscosity, was shown to be more convenient for separations of protein digests, where extremely high separation efficiency is required. The second part focuses on...
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