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Gen expresion of high affinity choline transporter in mouse model of Alzheimer's disease
Kurfürst, Helena ; Krištofíková, Zdena (referee) ; Doležal, Vladimír (advisor)
: Choline is being used in all mammalian cells as a precursor for synthesis of a major phospholipide phosphatidylcholine and as a donor of acetyl residues. Cholinergic neurons in addition require choline to synthesize neuromediator acetylcholine. The ability of cells to create choline via de novo synthesis is limited and therefore they need to transport choline from extracellular space. Limited availability of choline in brain leads specifically to diminished function of cholinergic neurons and in general to impaired reparation of biological membranes. Dysfunctions of cholinergic signaling in brain is characteristic for Alzheimer's disease. Aim of this work was to investigate whether gene and protein expression of high- affinity cholinergic transporters is altered in 5-6 months old APPswe/PS1dE9 mouse model of Alzheimer's disease. Expression of specific high-affinity cholinergic transporter CHT1 (responsible for transport of choline to be used for acetylcholine synthesis) and putative high-afinity choline transporter CTL1 (generally present in all cells and related to high affinity choline transport for phospholipide synthesis) in cerebral cortex was measured. Compared to non-trangenic littermates, no changes in the expression of both genes were detected at either mRNA (quantitative PCR) or protein...
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Access to Justice in Environmental Matters
Bernard, Michal ; Damohorský, Milan (advisor) ; Smolek, Martin (referee) ; Sobotka, Michal (referee)
The aim of this work on Access to Justice in Environmental Matters is to describe possibilities of access of natural and legal persons to the judicial protection of the environment in the Czech Republic. Judicial protection is an important element of ensuring the right to favourable environment. To ensure effective environmental protection and the rights of individuals to the favourable environment, it is necessary to ensure the widest possible access of natural and legal persons to public authorities and courts claiming the illegality of decisions, acts and omissions of public authorities or third parties. Broad judicial protection of the right to favourable environment is necessary and indispensable part of democratic system and a prerequisite for the functioning of basic human rights in practice. This work must first address the question of substantive legal right to favourable environment -its content and range of entities to which this fundamental constitutional right belongs. Right to favourable environment means the right to an environment which is polluted below given limit. Thus, on environmental polluted and stressed as a consequences of human activities, including the introduction of physical, chemical or biological agents emissions and agents in extent to which the legal regulations on...
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Obligations of Patients and Medical Facilities in Public Health Protection
PRAŽMOVÁ, Zuzana
Personality rights are fundamental human rights which are the subject of much attention also during the provision of health care. A patient has right, above all, to data protection in his medical documentation, medical facilities have an obligation to maintain confidentiality on matters relating to the patient?s state of health. All therapeutic actions can be carried out only with the consent of a patient. However, the personality rights can be limited in order to protect public health. Legislation can impose a whole range of obligations and duties to patients and medical facilities in order to protect public health. The thesis summarizes fundamental legislation and regulations of the above mentioned issue. It describes a possibility to break the confidentiality in order to protect public health, a regulation of imposition of compulsory medical treatment and anti-epidemiological measures. The thesis briefly informs about company preventive care and related limited choice of a physician and a medical facility. The objective of the thesis was to find out the views of general public of limitations of personality rights in order to protect public health. For the practical part the method of quantitative research was chosen, the technique of a questionnaire. The research was conducted from January 2011 to March 2011 in the region of České Budějovice. The research group included 460 respondents, 405 respondents filled in the questionnaires properly and these were included in the research. To achieve the research objectives, three hypotheses were set. Hypotheses 1 and 3 were proven on the basis of obtained and statistically evaluated data. Hypothesis 2 was not proven. The research results demonstrated especially differences in respondents´ views of a possibility to refuse obligatory vaccinations.
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Formal Systems Based on Automata and Grammars
Čermák, Martin ; Rybička, Jiří (referee) ; Šaloun, Petr (referee) ; Meduna, Alexandr (advisor)
Tyto teze navazují na studium gramatických a automatových systémů. Na začátku, práce pojednává o regulárně řízených CD gramatických systémech využívající frázově strukturované gramatiky jako komponenty. Do systémů jsou zavedena tři nová omezení na derivacích a je studován jejich vliv na vyjadřovací sílu těchto systémů. Poté, tato práce definuje dva automatové protějšky ke kanonickým multi-generatiním nonterminálem a pravi\-dlově synchronizovyným gramatickým systemům, generujících vektory řetězců, a ukazuje, že všechny tyto vyšetřované systemy si jsou vzájemně ekvivalentní. Dále táto práce tyto systémy zobecňuje a zakládá fundamentalní hierarchii n-jazyků (množin n-tic řetězců). V~souvislosti se zavedenými systémy tyto teze zavádí automatově-gramatický převodník založený na konečném automatu a bezkontextové gramatice. Tento převodník je pak studovaný a použitý jako nástroj přímého překladu. V~poslední části jsou v této práci zavedené automatové systémy jádrem pársovací metody založené na stromově řízených gramatikách s n omezenými cestami.
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Inovace v rámci komoditní vertikály čerstvých rajčat na francouzském trhu
Matušková, Eva
Matušková, E.: Innovation within the framework of the commodity vertical line of tomatoes on the French market Master's thesis. Brno, 2015 This Diploma thesis deals with the sector of fresh tomatoes on the French market. The thesis is focused on the issue of tomato quality and describes various factors having an impact on the quality of tomatoes. The theoretical part presents the fundamental characteristics of the industry and examines the structure of investigated commodity chain and the relationship between the individual factors. Last but not least, the first part also looks into tomato quality and various procedures of its certification. The second part of the thesis deals with the characteristics of the structure of cultivars currently proposed at the French market's supply. Furthermore, it explains various factors influencing the quality of the final product and describes different chains of events that may occur throughout the entire production process. The investigation of the chosen issue was based on a series of interviews with experts in the field. The collected data were analyzed through a framework of the analytical grid. The main conclusion of this study is that the problem of collective reputation of the product reveals itself to be crucial in this matter. The last part of this thesis examines the application of the labeling policy as a possible solution for making the French tomato market more transparent and to limit the decrease of tomato quality. The collected data can be further used to assess the future development as well as anticipate the possible forthcoming mutations of the fresh tomato market in France.
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Nové perspektivy uplatnění ICT v oblasti sledování a hodnocení vztahů zákazníka a poskytovatele v procesu obchodování
Chalupová, Naděžda
Dissertation thesis deals with new possibilities of information and communication technologies (ICT) using during watching and evaluating of consumer and his relation to provider. The consumer is thought to be every shopper, apart from the fact, if he is really consuming bought products or no. In contemporary economical environment the customer is a central point of interest of every market-behaving subjects, therefore it is necessary for businesses to attend to relation with customer watching, evaluating and management. In conjunction with rapid ICT development, new possibilities how to simplify some from these activities or to practice these activities fully automatically, are opening out for companies. Contemporary approaches to interaction monitoring of subjects participating in trading process and also current situation of its application in businesses, both in Czech Republic and in European Union, are mapped in this thesis. Analytical methods, to whose principles, properties and using possibilities are given here attention too, create the essence of entrepreneurial subjects and their clients relations monitoring. One of relation with customer watching and evaluating possibilities is determination of customer value, to which is fundamental part of the thesis addicted. The approaches to its determination, where reality reflection is not very evident, are briefly analyzed at first. On the basis of this limitation and with respect of real availability of required data, new model of customer value indicator determination was designed. What can be expected from this quantity and what are its advantages, is introduced in the thesis. Exact methods of its calculation and interpretation possibilities of acquired value including its integration into software system for managerial decision-making support are more detailed clarified here especially.
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The concealed performance of public power and values protected by the constitutional order
Klaban, Vladimír ; Hřebejk, Jiří (advisor) ; Kudrna, Jan (referee)
The aim of this diploma paper is to analyse and define the nature of secret exercise of public authority and to asses this phenomena in respect of the fundamental principles of the democratic rule of law. Any secrecy in exercising public authority is in fact a clear contradiction to a natural concept of the human rights and fundamental freedoms. Therefore the republic, as a public institution, should not have too many secrets to hide away from the people if its own principles are not to be completely disgraced. Secrecy in exercising public authority is a specific feature often related to the areas such as securing the sovereignity and territorial integrity of the Czech Republic, protecting its democratic foundations, protection of the lives and health of the population as well as the right to own the property. This is in full accordance with the constitutional duty of the state. Limited access to the information has a unique and 84 inevitable role in these areas and it is clearly mentioned in the Charter of Fundamental Rights and Freedoms, the European Convention of Human Rights and Freedoms and the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights. The question of choice between the security and the liberty has been recently heavily discussed by the people as a natural follow up to the...
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Transformations of Sacred Space.
Mléčka, Jan ; PhDr.Martin Horáček,Ph.D. (referee) ; Doc.Ing.arch.Michal Hronský,PhD. (referee) ; Petelen, Ivan (referee) ; Šindlar, Jiljí (advisor)
The Christian church has been an inherent part of human continuity for more than thousand years. The external appearance of the Christian church has always reflected societal transformations as well as turning points in history. Moreover, it has become an integral part of our existence both in space and time. Nowadays, we frequently hear that the crisis of European society is in effect an identity crisis, an inability to ask about where we are heading and what the meaning of life is. The reduction of time givenness to the already limited scope of our own physical existence destroys the ability in a man to ask questions and find answers to them, or even enquire about the meaning and essence of things. The carefree, dispersed husk blown by the wind may seem to be free and independent; however, it has also stopped trying to actively find paths for future generations. One of the fundamental attributes of an architect should be a strong aptitude for synthetic thinking, which includes multiple knowledge of social cognition, i.e. in the currentness of present experience as well as in time. This knowledge should ideally help to identify the core of problem, and to define the general rules applicable, regardless of changes in social demand, trends or taste. This dissertation, concerned with the “change” of the Christian church, ought to provide a compact, effective platform based on a synthesis of all analytical findings in the areas of architecture, liturgy, history, and theology. This platform can be applied in architectural practice, education (both architectural and theological), pastorage, and other wide, well-researched social discourses on the current form of the Christian sacred space, its basis and likely future development. The emphasis should be put on individual interpretation of a target group rather than dogmatic interpretation of dramatic revelations. Therefore, the first half of the dissertation will analyse the theological and symbolic basis, and historic transformations. Whilst, the second half will depict the current approach to the creation of sacred space in both newly built churches and the ongoing conversions of existing spaces. In conclusion, the dissertation will debate the future direction of sacred space in post-Christian Europe.
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Pre-contract liability (culpa in contrahendo)
Obstová, Martina ; Čech, Petr (advisor) ; Horáček, Tomáš (referee)
Formation of a contract is nowadays more sophisticated than it formerly used to be due to major progress in communication technologies and technical development, and therefore, looking on negotiation process only through the notions of offer and acceptance alone appears to be somewhat insufficient. It is not unusual and infrequent that long term and complicated dealings take place prior to the conclusion of a contract, especially in more or less complex business matters. During various negotiation stages, many parties may incur different kinds of significant expenses in order to prepare well for the next phase of the negotiations and, eventually, for the targeted contractual performance. For the conclusion of a contract it may also be necessary to inform the other party about the terms and conditions which are essential for the first party's final decision about the contract, while some of this information might be considered as strictly confidential. Although the fundamental principle of contractual freedom allows the parties to act freely in negotiations and the contractual process is generally regarded as a non-binding relationship, there are some restrictions set up with the aim to protect good faith of the parties and support their fair dealings. According to the abovementioned, a situation...
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Land ownership restrictions
Kaláb, Tomáš ; Drobník, Jaroslav (advisor) ; Franková, Martina (referee)
This paper disserts land ownership restrictions. Land ownership is restricted more intensively than other kinds of ownership due to the specificity of land as its object. Land ownership restrictions can arise either under law, under administative decisions, or under contracts. The restrictions are always represented by obligations either to allow, to omit, or to do something. The existence of land ownership restrictions is directly related to the level of social development. That is why land ownership restrictions can be found in very ancient documents such as the Code of Hammurabi. This paper, however, mainly focuses on various land ownership restrictions contained in the Charter of fundamental rights and freedoms, in legislation on nature protection, the forest act, lagislation on agricultural land resources protection, water management regulations, building code, legislation on land consolidation, law on roads and in legislation on neighborly relations. In the end the dissertation analyzes the land ownership restrictions arising from rights to property of another and from contracts with inter partes obligations.
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