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On the Social Position of the Jewish Minority in Germany, 1871-1890
Plíčková, Helena ; Stellner, František (advisor)
The thesis deals with the social position of the Jewish minority in Germany during the first decades of the Second Reich; it is intended as a contribution to the social history with an emphasis on the history of everyday life. It attemps to answer a question, why despite (what seemed to be) a highly successful assimilation, or more precisely acculturation, the Jews became a target of hateful attacks again in the late 1870's and 1880's. Various methods have been applied to determine, firstly, how the German-Jewish family life looked, whether and how its education approach and job structure differed from those of the majority; secondly, in which way the social-economic situation affected the minority position, its participation in public life and its attitude to the recently estabilished state; and last but not least, the way the German-Jews understood and perceived themselves, as well as the East European immigrants (so called Ostjuden) and the public's anti-Semitism. The result of the study shows that the German-Jewish values and customs were mainly identical to those of the bourgeoisie, probably with an endogamy being the only specific feature. At the time of rising Conservatism and in spite of experiencing bitter disappointment at the again appearing anti-Semitism, their optimism and trust in...
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Cloning, detection and analysis of the gene cluster coding synthesis of the antibiotic Anthramycin
Poubová, Martina ; Černá, Milena (advisor)
he aim was to find , isolate and sequence a cluster of genes coding for the synthesis of anthramycin , antibiotics group pyrrolobenzodiazepines whose producer Streptomyces refuineus var . thermotolerans . Pyrrolo [2,1- c ] [1,4] benzodiazepines are a class of naturally occurring antibiotics anticancer effect. These are molecules that bind covalently to DNA molecules and this leads to blockage of transcription. Although anthramycin least affects the bone marrow, was not put into clinical practice as antitumor antibiotic because of the high cardiotoxicity. Better effects and good clinical features expected from a new synthetic analogues both in terms of antitumor antibiotics , and the production of antimicrobial compounds and antimalarial drugs . So far, successful antibiotic related families of antibiotics , lincosamide , was clindamycin antibacterial and antiparasitic effect. Knowledge of the genetic background of these substances allows modification simultaneously substances used , followed by a less costly production more efficient and safer substances. Using molecular biological methods were isolated part of the chromosomal DNA Producer Streptomyces refuineus var . thermotolerans containing the complete gene cluster anthramycin biosynthesis .
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Selecting an optimal set of features for the morphological tagging of Czech
Raab, Jan
This work continues in implementational and experimental project Morče, which aimed to create the best possible morphological Czech tagger based on hidden Markov model with averaged perceptron. Successfulness of algorithm depends mainly on a selected set of features describing a context, which determines choice of a tag. The work describes briefly the algorithm and its implementation. Main part of the work consists of a lot of experiments which explore possible feature sets, their successfulness and their relationships. Few clear rules are defined for comparison of versions. Fivefold crossvalidation with t-test is used for verification of statistical significance. After the work was started, new Czech data became available, so all experiments used data from PDT 2.0. Side effect of this work was statistical significant improvement of successfulness. However, the best Czech tagger was obviously not overwhelmed. Some modifications were made in order to perform automatic version development. It was executed in small extent and also described.
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Formalization of the Czech morphology system with respect to automatic processing of Czech texts
Hlaváčová, Jaroslava ; Petkevič, Vladimír (advisor) ; Oliva, Karel (referee) ; Osolsobě, Klára (referee)
Detailed morphological description of word forms represents one of the most important conditions of a successful automatic processing of linguistic data. The system of categories and their values which are used for the description are the subject of the rst part of the thesis. The basic principle, so-called Golden rule of morphology, states that every word form has to be described by the system unambiguously. The existence of variants of word forms and whole paradigms, however, complicates the accomplishment of this rule.We introduce so called mutations as an extension of the variants to be able to include other sets of word forms with the same description (for instance multiple word forms of Czech personal pronouns). We divide mutations into two parts global ones describing all word forms of a paradigm, and in ectional ones for the description on the word form level. This division enables us to express their various combinations. We do not use features of style for the mutation division, for they are subjective. With a consistent use of the categories called In ectional Mutation and Global Mutation, the Golden rule of morphology will always be valid. The concept of multiple lemma is introduced in a chapter dealing with lemmatization. It describes lemma variants. We give a detailed description of so-called...
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Computer analysis of medical image data
Krajčír, Róbert ; Šmirg, Ondřej (referee) ; Uher, Václav (advisor)
This work deals with medical image analysis, using variety of statisic and numeric methods implemented in Eclipse and Rapidminer environments in Java programming language. Sets of images (slices), which are used here, are the results of magnetic resonance brain examination of several subejcts. Segments in this 3D image are analyzed and some local features are computed, based on which data sets for use in training algorythms are generated. The ability of successful identification of healthy or unhealthy tissues is then practically tested using available data.
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Using real-life performance in animation
Berger, Marek ; PIXA, Libor (advisor) ; KLIMT, Aurel (referee)
In this thesis I analyze and compare the technologies, which are responsible for wiping off the boundaries between animated movies and movies with real-life actors. From the traditional form of rotoscoping to the most recent forms of the performance capture, used mostly for feature trick movies. I do compare these exact, half-automatic methods with some examples of classical animation that also works with pre-acted videoreferences a lot. I give some examples of movies that rely on more or less successful methods and approaches. Instead of technological issues, I focus on the aesthetical approach, such as the animation and the character design in different forms, between the total realism and strong stylization. I point especially on the big problems with transferring the real-life action literally to the animation, and the troubles resulting from this difficult method
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Sociologic view of old-age as a life period
Dimitrová, Michaela ; Růžička, Richard (referee) ; Duffková, Jana (advisor)
The objective of the thesis is to provide an outline of risk factors and situations that may occur in old age but also to show possible ways that may lead to prevention or reduction of similar undesirable features. These intentions are developed on studies of scientific literature and internet sources and further interlined by ascertained empirical data of selected research reports oriented on seniors in the Czech Republic. The thesis is divided into five basic thematic parts. The first part has more general character - it introduces the definitions of fundamental features of this thesis, old age and aging. The second part provides historical outline of development of science that deals with this matter, including emphasis on the origin of gerontosociology as a specific sociologie discipline. The remaining three parts create the basis ofthis thesis and are devoted to concrete aspects related to old age. It deals especially with demographic factors and their impact on age stratification ofCzech society, further social psychologicallevel that has a significant role in the process of preparation and adaptation to old age and eventually social aspects that focus especially on possibilities and impediments ofkeeping relations of seniors with social environment. There is no universa} recipe for successful ageing,...
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Reforms and modernization in Islamic world: Turkey, Iran and Syria
Stein, Michal ; Barša, Pavel (advisor) ; Slačálek, Ondřej (referee)
This thesis aims to analyze the specific concepts of modernization in three chosen countries. The specific countries, which are being analyzed in this thesis, are: Turkey under the rule of Mustafa Kemal (Atatürk), Iran under the rule of Riza Shah and Syria until the rule of Baath Party in Syria in the beginning in the 1960's, especially during the Army-Party convergence period. At least in specific cases of Turkey and Iran, authoritarian modernization under different leaders attempted to change the society by the ways of westernization. The goal was to transform the society by changing its features and character of the system. In some areas and some countries, some of the desired social and political reforms were successfully achieved. On the other hand some reforms were not successful because of various internal and external challenges. This work tries to analyze the processes of modernization driven by authoritarian regimes in these countries, their accomplishments and failures. Political development took different forms and was pulled by different circumstances. These three Islamic countries vary in their success and failure. I consider Turkey to be an example of a successful transformation. Iran under Riza Shah was not so achievement due to errors in process and sequence of the reforms. Situation in...
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Analysing the success rate of newsletter campaigns
Kosmák, Petr ; Přibil, Jiří (advisor) ; Váchová, Lucie (referee)
The objective of the study was to analyse selected e-mail (newsletter) campaigns to show what kind of information companies share in their campaigns, what is the optimal frequency of mailings and how is this form of marketing communication perceived by the recipients. This objective was achieved using two methods: Firstly, newsletters from selected companies were collected and analysed as to their content, frequency and other specific features. Secondly, a questionnaire was administered to mailing recipients. The results obtained using the above methodology show that campaign recipients currently tend to perceive newsletters negatively and there are specific negative elements that deter recipients.
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Textural Analysis of Nerve Fibre Layer in Retinal Images
Novotný, Adam ; Jan, Jiří (referee) ; Odstrčilík, Jan (advisor)
This work describes completely new approach to detection of retinal nerve fibre layer (RNFL) loss in colour fundus images. Such RNFL losses indicate eye glaucoma illness and an early diagnosis of RNFL changes is very important for successful treatment. Method is presented with the purpose of supporting glaucoma diagnosis in ophthalmology. The proposed textural analysis method utilizes local binary patterns (LBP). This approach is characterized especially by computational simplicity and insensitivity to monotonic changes of illumination. Image histograms of LBP distributions are used to gain several textural features aimed to classify healthy or glaucomatous tissue of the retina. The method was experimentally tested using fundus images of glaucomatous patients with focal RNFL loss. The results show that the proposed method can be used in order to supporting diagnosis of glaucoma with satisfactory efficiency.
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