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Analysis of indoor climate of spa resort
Chadima, Tomáš ; Rubinová, Olga (referee) ; Horká, Lucie (advisor)
The thesis deals with the environmental assessment of buildings, concrete objects Letní lázně at Karlova Studánka. The first part describes the issue and legislation. There is also described a method of experimental measurement and methods of moisture measurement. The second part deals with the analysis of the specified object, description of selected renewable sources and description of possible modifications of the object. The third part is devoted to modeling and simulation of the specified object in DesignBuilder. Using the model were created various simulations with various modifications in order to reduce energy intensity of the object. Results were then evaluated and compared.
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The systems of building services in immovable heritage
Maurerová, Lenka ; Vlček, Milan (referee) ; Kabele,, Karel (referee) ; Doc.Ing. Martina Peřinková, Ph.D (referee) ; Hirš, Jiří (advisor)
The present PhD. thesis deals with the systems of building services (namely heating, ventilating and air conditioning, shading) which provide required indoor microclimate inside the immovable heritage. The work thus combines the exclusively technical field of building services (BS) and the general principles of heritage conservation. The aim of my PhD. thesis is the analysis of immovable heritage conservation processes, focusing on the current state of research and BS systems documentation. Furthermore the work concerns the possibilities of temporary measurements of indoor climate parameters inside the immovable heritage, and aims to develop a computer model (in BSim software) for the simulation of various working conditions in the selected buildings. For the stated aims were selected three representative historic houses: historical assembly hall at the Faculty of Civil Engineering, Brno University of Technology; the Palm Greenhouse at Lednice Chateau in Moravia; and Villa Tugendhat in Brno. These buildings had been surveyed for several years, and in this PhD. thesis I present their analysis, evaluation, and conclusions. The aims of this PhD. thesis broadly correspond to the transnational objectives. The present research is, for example, in accordance with the international document ICOMOS Charter (Zimbabwe, 2013) which is concerned with the analysis, conservation, and restoration of architectural heritage. The research of immovable heritage is also supported by European Union, e.g. by the Seventh Framework Programme of EU.
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Interaction of weak polyelectrolytes with multivaltent ions
Staňo, Roman ; Košovan, Peter (advisor) ; Heyda, Jan (referee)
By means of molecular simulations, we study dissociative behavior of weak polyacids with added mutlivalent salt. Weak polyacids are macromolecules that bear weak acid groups, therefore, their ionization varies with pH. The titration curve of such an acid deviates from the ideal one - its ionization is suppressed because of the strong repulsion between charged groups on the polyacid contour. The presence of salt in solution of a polyacid enhances the ionzation due to the effects of electrostatic screening and counterion condensation. Up to now, the influence of the salt valency on the weak polyacid ionization has not been explored, although it plays an important role in biological processes. In this thesis, we examine weak polyacid solutions with added salt of various cation valencies (+1,+2,+3) at fixed charge ratio of salt cations to po- lymer segments. We show that increasing the salt valency promotes the polyelectrolyte ionization in a manner which is different from the effect of increasing ionic strength. A higher counterion valency leads to a lower value of the critical Manning parameter, initiating strong counterion condensation which results in additional ionization due to ion-ion correlations between the condensed counterions and charged groups of the polyelectrolytes.
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Computational modeling of diffusion in polymer solutions
Kubečka, Jakub ; Košovan, Peter (advisor) ; Šachl, Radek (referee)
We performed coarse-grained molecular dynamics simulations of fully dissociated polyelectrolytes in the presence of monovalent and multivalent counterions and charged oligomers. The dynamics of these systems has been studied to follow internal dynamics of polyelectrolyte and counterions. The dynamics is presented via the mean square displacement which we obtain from the simulation trajectory and, moreover, via curves of Fluorescence Correlation Spectroscopy (FCS) obtained also from the simulation trajectory. FCS is an experimental technique which can be used to study condensation of counterions on polyelectrolytes. Therefore, we analyze the FCS curves and investigate applicability of various analytical models to fit these FCS curves. The aim of this work is a discussion about the fitting of the FCS curves and presentation of our observations for dynamics of counterions during condensation on the polyelectrolyte.
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Synthesis of sulphanylaminoderivatives of cyclodextrines and computational simulations of their complexes formation
Provazníková, Adéla ; Jindřich, Jindřich (advisor) ; Míšek, Jiří (referee)
This master thesis deals with synthesis of 6I -N-monosubstituted β-CD bearing a linear spacer of various lenghts containing disulfidic bond and terminated by amine. Whole series was succesfully prepared by nucleophilic substitution of toluenesulfonyl group on tosyl β-CD by a spacer's amine group. In case of the shortest spacer (cystamine) 35 % yield was achieved. Synthesis of β-CD derivatives using longer and more lipophilic spacer derived from di-, tri- and tetraethylenglycol yielded 66 to 85 %. The oligoethylene spacers were prepared by standard chemical modifications. A separation method using n-butanol elution mixtures was optimized for isolation of β-CD derivatives. To better understand the β-CD derivative behavior in solution, molecular dynamics (MD) computations were used. The synthetized species were intended to be used for fluorescent sensor construction. For the same reason the inclusion of small organic molecules in β-CD cavity was studied with molecular dynamic simulations. MD method for computation of relative binding energy was optimized and gave values of right sign and order of magnitude.
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Modelling of Cell Colony Dynamics
Bělehrádek, Stanislav ; Škutková, Helena (referee) ; Sedlář, Karel (advisor)
The content of the thesis is a description of intracellular processes responsible for cell cycle regulation and reactions of cells to external and internal stimuli. Thoroughly described are important signaling pathways with appropriate methods, which can be used to simulate them in silico. From these cellular processes, a cell cycle model is created and implemented in a tool programmed in C ++ with OpenGL used for visualization. The model is then tested for various cell processes including HeLa cells growth. Finally, the results are compared with the behavior of living cells.
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Modeling the Impact of Piston Rings on Oil Consumption of Internal Combustion Engines
Raffai, Peter ; Pavlov,, Michal (referee) ; Dr. Dan E. Richardson (referee) ; Kučera, Pavel (referee) ; Novotný, Pavel (advisor)
V rámci této práce byl vyvinut komplexní simulační nástroj, vycházející z výpočtového modelování fyzikálních a chemických dějů, který je doplněn vhodnými matematickými postupy. Výsledný software je schopen stanovit ztrátový výkon sady pístních kroužků pomocí účinků klíčových mechanismů a jejich vzájemné interakce při standardním provozu pístních kroužků. Simulační výstupy byly navrženy v souladu se zájmy průmyslové praxe, např. určení objemového toku plynů pístní skupinou, ztrátové výkony vlivem tření a spotřeba oleje, která je ovlivněna sadou pístních kroužků. Při vývoji simulačního modelu byly technické experimenty vykonány na tříválcovém zážehovém motoru za účelem získání vstupních dat a ověření výsledků. Možnosti navrženého simulačního nástroje jsou na tomto motoru dále demonstrovány v podobě parametrických studií, využitelných zejména při návrhovém procesu. Cílem dizertační práce bylo zaplnit mezeru ve výzkumné oblasti simulačních nástrojů, které mohou účinně propojit výpočtové modelování třecích ztrát a současně i spotřeby oleje, a podpořit tak výrobce pístních kroužků a vývojová oddělení spalovacích motorů.
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Antipredatory function of flash display in Heteroptera (case of Coreus marginatus)
Pipek, Pavel ; Exnerová, Alice (advisor) ; Kleisner, Karel (referee)
1 Abstract Aim of the present study was to test antipredatory function of fulguration (or flash display), which means sudden exposition of conspicous body part on otherwise cryptic animal during escape. Adult squash bugs (Coreus marginatus; Heteroptera) were used as model prey, while as model predator served two species of passerine birds - blue tit (Cyanistes caerulus) and great tit (Parus major). Three approaches were undertaken. Test of palatability should have assessed the efficiency of squash bug chemical defence against bird predators. Experiment was carried out in experimental cage without interference of experimenter and without occurrence of fulguration. The results show that chemical defense of squash bug is less efficient than defense of other species of true bugs (Pyrrhocoris apterus, Graphosoma lineatum) and that the efficiency differs between two generations of squash bugs. In the test of efficiency of fulguration, the prey was forced by experimenter to fly in response to bird attack. Blue tits attacked the immobile prey more often than the flying and fulgurating one, but the same relation wasn't significant with great tits. The latencies of birds' returns to the bugs that landed after fulguration wasn't influenced by colour of the bugs' abdomen. Third experiment consisted of computer...
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A classic experiment and computer simulation in physics teaching
PELC, Vít
The thesis discusses the use of the classical experiment and computer simulation in teaching physics at the elementary school. Paper defines the term experiment focuses on specific types of classic experiment and computer simulation options. A classic experiment and computer simulation in the research section gives associated with motivation for learning in physics classes. In the didactic analysis in teaching physics at inclusion classical experiment and computer simulation evaluates the effectiveness of the selected type of experiment.
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