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Molecular physiology of opioid receptors
Valný, Martin ; Novotný, Jiří (advisor) ; Hejnová, Lucie (referee)
The opioid receptors (OR) belong to the family of G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs). ORs mediate the effects of the opioids, leading primarily to inhibition of neuroexcitability, predominantly through the class of the inhibitory G proteins Gi/Go. Cloning of ORs confirmed the existence of four subtypes of ORs, which mediate effects of different classes of opioid ligands. The major aim of this work is to summarize the current knowledge about characteristics and function of ORs at the molecular level. Acute exposition of ORs to their agonists results in activation of the signaling cascades that trigger mechanisms leading to analgesia. Chronic exposition of ORs to their agonists leads to desensitization and internalization of the receptors and induces adaptive changes in signal transduction system that suppresses the opioid action, and may result in the development of opioid tolerance and dependence. Although a big progress has been made in the field of understanding the molecular mechanisms of the OR-mediated signaling, there are still a lot of unresolved questions that are necessary to answer.
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The influence of social group mentalities in the Czech Republic after 1989
Černý, Jiří ; Šubrt, Jiří (advisor) ; Tuček, Milan (referee) ; Marada, Radim (referee)
The goal of the dissertation thesis is to describe and analyze the influence of social group mentalities on the processes of post-communist transformation in the Czech Republic after 1989. Mentalities are described through their impact on attitudes, political and economical activities of different social groups (defined by socio-professional status, social class, and age). They are analyzed both in national and international context. The inquiry into determination of collective action has had its gradual progress in the sociology, so the dissertation outlines different approaches to social groups from this field of view. This outline led to the operationalization of the term "social group mentality". Mentalities can be treated as schemes of perception, thinking and acting, which are typical to a social group and relatively stable in time. Three structural dimensions of mentality were found, in which it is appropriate to make further inquiry - group identity, legitimization of leadership, and goal achievement. A qualitative survey, conducted in 2003-2004, gave answers about sources of creation of the social group mentalities. Each social group reinterprets common life experience of itself, of other social groups within society, and tries to legitimate its mentality as identical part of the society. Different...
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Procedural time-limits in Roman law
Pešková, Jana ; Skřejpek, Michal (advisor) ; Falada, David (referee)
Procedural Periods in Roman Law Submitted thesis is focused on chosen questions of procedural periods in Roman law. It is too focused on chosen institutes of roman procedural law. Firstly the thesis dissertates about general information and about and progress of roman procedura law. The relation of roman procedural law to singular procedurals periods was emphasized in the introduction. The crucial part of this opening leans in analysis of singular judicial magistrates. Further the contexture for individual procedural parties was mentioned. The main part of thesis describes separates procedura periods in detail. It makes through particular roman-law institutinos which are alone influenced by procedural periods. The single chapter disserts on prescription of rights, preclusion and temporal character of some actions. These law institutions are very important. It is also crucial in contemporary law. This chapter follows on discourse about executory periods. The final part of thesis is created by question of time and its computation, especially in law and in standing roman life. It was also very necessary to bring in some information in which is not visible relation to the topic because of creating of logical complex instead of lonely collection of articles without sequence. Only due writing of the...
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The Process of Entrolling Children to the Pre-school education
Švarcová, Libuše ; Kroláková, Dagmar (referee) ; Burianová, Jana (advisor)
The final bachelor work is particularly concerned with the process of enrolling children to the pre-school education and with finding out circumstances influencing this process. It considers the way of taking children into nursery schools complying with all legal regulations and emphasizing the Convention on the Rights of the Children, and it draws attention to the different wording of the law on the children's enrolments. It maps hitherto progress, disproportions between the number of applicants and capacitive possibilities of the nursery schools when formulation and use of criteria for enrolling children do not solve the problems with insufficiency of posts in nursery schools. The bachelor work is based on the knowledge included in available literature and legal regulations, my own practice and experience. It compares results of my own research and nation-wide data. It brings up a comprehensive methodical material which in compliance with law could help headmasters of nursery schools in decision-making on administrative action. Using exploratory methods, my own research is assessing if problems related with enrolling children and with capacity of nursery schools are regional or if they are occurring in the whole ČR, and how they are treated.
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Introduction of Western blotting method for detection of AMPK cascade activation in LS174T cell line
Dubecká, Michaela ; Pávek, Petr (advisor) ; Nachtigal, Petr (referee)
Charles University in Prague Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology Student: Michaela Dubecká Supervisor: Doc. PharmDr. Petr Pávek, Ph.D. Title of diploma thesis: Introduction of Western blotting method for detection of AMPK cascade activation in LS174T cell line LKB1/AMPK is the main cellular energetic pathway, which acts as the sensor of various extra- and intracellular signals. In response to the signals, it regulates energy metabolism and the maintenance of cellular homeostasis, so its major role lies in the survival, growth and development of the whole organism. This pathway is of significant importance because it has the potential to suppress tumoral progress in the cell. Metformin, the widely used drug in the treatment of type 2 diabetes, exerts a significant antitumour activity. However, the direct mechanism of metformin's action is still unknown. Metformin induces cellular stress similar to the metabolic stress via inhibiting mitochondrial respiratory chain complex I, which results in an increase of AMP levels in plasma. AMP then binds to the AMPKγ subunit, so metformin mediates the activation of AMPK. AMPK is suddenly phosphorylated on Thr172 of the AMPKα kinase domain via LKB1, which mediates the downregulation of many downstream kinases. The...
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English counterparts of Czech aspectual pairs and groups of verbs
Filipová, Helena ; Brůhová, Gabriela (referee) ; Malá, Markéta (advisor)
The notion of aspect is viewed differently in English and in Czech. In Czech, aspect is an obligatory lexical-grammatical category that refers to the wholeness and completion of the action expressed by the verb. Moreover, this category interferes with the category of tense and restrains some of its usages. On the other hand, in English the category of aspect is rather dubious, and there is not even general agreement on whether it exists in the language. The opinions range from the denial of its existence to ones in which the progressive and the perfect are considered aspectual categories. A notion inseparable from the aspect is the Aktionsart that expresses more subtle modifications of the action. The Aktionsart represents a broader concept of aspectuality. In Czech, there is an aspectual pair of two verbs that differ only in the opposition of imperfectivity and perfectivity. The pair can be a basis for a group of semantically related verbs that differ in the Aktionsart, i.e. in some modification of action. However, the verbs from the group still express the basic aspectual distinction and are parts of other aspect pairs. Due to the inflectional nature of the language, Czech verbs are modified mainly by affixation to express different states of the action. English being an analytic language, the English...
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The durability of cutting inserts during face milling
Spáčil, Radek ; Slaný, Martin (referee) ; Jaroš, Aleš (advisor)
The bachelor thesis deals with the wear of cutting tools in the form of cutting inserts during face milling. The thesis is divided into two parts. The first part is a form of search which describes milling technology and also includes progressive milling method HFC. The next chapter describes the types of using cutting materials with greater emphasis on sintered carbides. The third chapter deals with the basic methods of coating. The experimental part of bachelor thesis gives a description of used material, tool, machine, and the experimental progress. The aim of the experiment was to compare the durability and to compile the action of forces for cutting inserts. The experiment has shown that the cutting force increases as wear level increases.
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Analysis of promotion product and its distribution for particular company
LEBROVÁ, Šárka
This Diploma{\crq}s thesis deals with analysis of promotion product and its distribution with regard to competition. The thesis has been created on the basis of the PROGRESS sportswear Company request, which produces and sells functional sportswear. The tools of the promotional mix, the cities, and the brands for the survey were selected by the PROGRESS sportswear Company. The necessary information has been collected through surveys in the selected cities. The data regarding promotion have been ascertained by question-forms, interviews and from additional information sources. Based on the results of the study, the PROGRESS sportswear Company will be provided with potentional actions that should lead to the increased knowledge of the PROGRESS sportswear Company products.
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Energy law in the European Union
Flášar, Petr ; Damohorský, Milan (advisor) ; Sobotka, Michal (referee)
88 Summary Energy law in European Union This thesis focuses on the development and current situation in a sphere of Energy law. Energy is a key sector in the European Community which is becoming increasingly integrated both politically and economically and whose geopolitical responsibilities are widening. First Chapter concerns with the development of energy policy in European Union. Among first documents were important white and green papers, which laid down the foundation of European energy law legislation. For international energy situation was significant The Energy Charter Treaty as a unique instrument for the promotion of international cooperation in the energy sector. Second Chapter deals with renewable sources of energy. This area has a great importance nowadays and big volume of legislation which highly affects member states of European Union. Prominence of this chapter is climate action and renewable energy package. This package consists of several directions and one regulation and decision. Main aim is focused on reducing greenhouse gas emissions and increasing share of renewable energy sources. Legislative framework of strengthening and expansion of the Emissions Trading System is content of the third Chapter. There is an explained foundation of this system and progress during last year's. The...
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Analysis of energy saving in Czech republic with respect to EU/2012/27 regulation
Barczi, Šimon ; Vojáček, Ondřej (advisor) ; Macháč, Jan (referee)
This thesis discusses the implementation of EU Energy efficiency directive into national legislatures and the fulfilment of its goals. It expands on the past reports, correct for their mistakes and provide a new unique approach to track the current progress. The thesis analyzes all member states national action plans for energy efficiency (NAPEE) and compares them in between each other. The quality of NAPEEs is critically evaluated and described. In first section it explains and narrows the most crucial definitions. In second section it gives the basic summary of the regulation to interested readers. Followed by in depth analysis and evaluation of all EU member states national action plans for energy efficiency. The following chapter then deals with solely with Czech NAPEE. The last section provides the hard data and exclusively developed indices that tracks the progress toward EU 2020 goals.
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