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The role of a nurse during a postoperative period supporting patient's independence after an amputation lower limb.
ZRZAVECKÝ, Martin
Having studied medical literature and having gained practical experience in taking care of patients with amputation in the Surgery Ward of the Hospital České Budějovice a.s., I decided to focus my bachelor thesis on: The role of nurses in promoting self-sufficiency in patients with amputation during postoperative period. Lower-extremity amputation can be defined as the removal of a peripheral body part resulting from an injury or surgical operation. Currently, road transport in particular accounts for a high accident frequency. Many young people experience the loss of a body part due to injuries. As a planned surgical procedure, amputation of the lower extremity is performed in order to relieve or eliminate pain or in order to prevent infection or metastases from spreading. Lower-extremity amputation changes the life quality of most people. Health professionals provide the care for amputations according to the standards and lead the patients towards gaining self-sufficiency. The qualitative research was aimed at: 1. mapping the role of nurses in promoting self-sufficiency in the patients with amputation during postoperative period, as viewed by both the nurses and the patients, and 2. determining the degree of successful practising self-sufficiency in the patients with amputation during postoperative period. The relevant research questions were set as follows: 1. What is the role of nurses in promoting self-sufficiency in the patients with lower-extremity amputation, as viewed by nurses? 2. What is the influence of nursing on the self-sufficiency of the patients with lower-extremity amputation? 3. How do nurses practise self-sufficiency in the patients with lower-extremity amputation during postoperative period? The qualitative research was based on the use of in-depth interviews with the nurses and patients. The research sample included patients with lower-extremity amputation and nurses of the Surgery and Traumatology Wards in the Hospital České Budějovice a.s.. As regards the promotion of self-sufficiency in the patients with lower-extremity amputation, the results indicate that the nurses from the Surgery and Traumatology Wards performed mainly activities aimed at satisfying patients´ physiological needs (hygiene, food and fluid intake, excretion, assistance in moving and in the need to be pain-free). Nurses of the Surgery Ward consider practising self-sufficiency in these patients more demanding in view of the patient´s age and the type of amputation related to a chronic disease. Patients believe that nursing care during the hospitalization has a significant influence on their self-sufficiency. The nurses of both the Surgery and Traumatology Wards consider practising self-sufficiency to be of great importance and can observe different effects as related to the patient´s age and the cause of amputation. Both the nurses and the patients agree that practising self-sufficiency includes hygiene, assistance with food intake and excretion, getting up from bed to assume vertical position, practising movability and managing pain. The investigation objectives were fulfilled and the obtained results may help nurses improve the quality of nursing, which will contribute to the improvement of the quality of life in the patients with amputation.
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Device for diagnostic of induction machine
Buln, Tom ; Janda, Marcel (referee) ; Huzlk, Rostislav (advisor)
The aim of the thesis is to study the problems of induction motors, which belong among the most widespread and used machines. Due to their expansion, it is advisable to start the fault monitoring to prevent any more damage and losses. It can be used for condition monitoring different types of methods, which are variety technically and costly demanding to implement. It is used the method of measurement using stator currents in this thesis, because these currents are already monitored and it is easy to create devices for a more detailed analysis. The whole monitoring is carried out using products from National Instruments. The program of monitoring is created in graphical setting of LabVIEW. The analysis is conducted by calculating the Fast Fourier transform of the time signal. The result is the frequency spectrum, which contains frequency peaks and some of these peaks represent failure. The test data are collected with a DAQ device and then the same data are used for creating a methodology for evaluating online analysis and it is subsequently implemented into CompactRIO.
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Social and health aspects of alcohol use in adolescents
JENDRUŠČÁKOVÁ, Šárka
The theoretical part of this bachelor's diploma work refers about summarised knowledge from the period of adolescence and its difficulties maintained in human's identity finding. The importance of social group effects is also shown here as well as hazardous factors that lead to adolescents' alcohol abuse. This theoretical part defines health risks of alcohol abuse and emphasizes the importance of prevention. The empirical part brings summarised data that have been extracted from a questionnaire-survey among teenagers in the town of Příbram. The survey is focused on alcohol abusing, means of getting it, general knowledge of the health hazards and family relationships of respondents. Survey results show the alcohol abuse among the adolescents to be alarming. Each of respondents involved in the survey said that he or she has already had an experience with alcohol drinking. According to data extracted from the survey, the first experience with alcohol abusing appears at the age from 10 to 12. It mainly happens during a family occasions. Questions about frequency and regularity of alcohol drinking have also brought some surprising results. About 60 per cent of respondents do not drink alcohol regularly. That makes a difference from widely made surveys. These show an opposite trend.
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A Randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, multi-country and multi-center, phase IV study to demonstrate the efficacy of influenza vaccine Fluarix administrated intramuscularly in adults.
Wertzová, Veronika ; Šmejkalová, Jindra (advisor) ; Havlík, Jiří (referee) ; Havlíčková, Martina (referee)
Influenza is the most common human infectious disease. Contrary to common upper tract respiratory infections influenza is a serious disease causing worldwide every year thousands of death. Influenza is always considered to be a trivial infection, not only by ordinary persons but even by specialists. Vaccination is the most effective possibility of prevention recently. However there are still doubts concerning influenza vaccine efficacy, clinical trials evaluating vaccine efficacy are not enough consistent. This work tries to evaluate the efficacy of GlaxoSmithKline Bilogicals' influenza vaccine Fluarix administrated intramuscularly in one dose scheme in healthy adults aged 18-64. 7652 subjects were enrolled in Finland and the Czech Republic during 2006/2007 influenza season to this clinical trial. The reactogenity, safety and immunogenicity of the vaccine are also presented in this work. According to obtained results the author demonstrates high vaccine efficacy, excellent immunogenicity, low reactogenity and high vaccine safety. The author tries to destroy a presumption concerning low efficacy and high adverse events frequency following influenza vaccination.
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Psychological interventions for risk group drivers
Šmolíková, Jana ; Rymeš, Milan (advisor) ; Michalík, David (referee) ; Kořán, Martin (referee)
5 Abstract The dissertation thesis in the first part is focused on psychological causes of accidents and the possibilities of psychological prevention. The advantages of various theories and the importance of intervention programs are emphasized. Author bring the overview of knowledge for two focus group, about changes of abilities of older driver and knowledge about risky driving, which can lead to negative effects during driving. In the second empirical part attitudes and behavior of 655 drivers using three questionnaires were explored. Czech version of Driver Anger Scale Questionnaire, used for discovering frustration and type with frequency of anger in traffic situations, Driver Behaviour Questionnaire, used for discovering different kinds of errors of behavior and their frequency, and Brief Inventory of Small Errors, which is concerned on smaller errors and their frequency. The purpose of present study was also to test DBQ and DAS through correlations with the SPARO Personality Inventory and WRBTV test for risky behavior. The results show that these methods can be recommended for risky driving assessment and intervention programs.
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Frequency of hidden vision defects in preschool children as a handicap of their prosperous development and play as means of vision reeducation in kindergartens
Fidlerová, Dagmar ; Šumníková, Pavlína (referee)
The thesis presents a successful project of vision screening in preschool children carried out mostly in kindergartens in Pardubice. The quantitative, non- experimental research of vision defects frequency in preschool children in Pardubice was realized by means of deduktive method and brought surprising, as well as alarming results.It proves, that 7.8% of preschool children had hidden vision defects, as until the time of vision screening these defects had not been discovered by pediatric practitioners at regular preventive examinations and also remained unnoticed by parents. The minimum of 10% rate of vision defects in preschool children then indicates the necessity to introduce vision reeducation in common kindergarten classes in Pardubice. As special pedagogical support, the thesis provides comprehensive methodology of vision reeducation. The method tank of 50 games and playful activities with thoroughly worked up methodology will help the teachers in common kindergarten classes to work with visually handicapped children.
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Food intake disorders as an actual issue of upper-secondary school students
Šlechtová, Iveta ; Marádová, Eva (advisor) ; Vodáková, Jitka (referee)
My graduation thesis deals with eating disorders, as a current problem among secondary students. My thesis is divided in the theoretical part and the practical empirical part. The separated part of the thesis is formed by general information about researches on frequency of eating disorders at secondary schools in the Czech Republic and abroad. The theoretical part includes remarks from scientific literature. It is concerned with anorexia nervosa and bulimy in general and tries to find causes of these disorders and treatment possibilities. The empirical part concerns my own research at secondary schools in Prague. My research was carried out by interviewing secondary teachers. The aim of research was to find out whether the problem with eating disorders is current at secondary schools in Prague, to suggest a strategy of prevention according to my acquired knowledge and to work out my own draft of measures - recommendation for school education programme.
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Causes, symptoms and prevention of aggression among children in kindergartens
VOBĚREK, František
Bachelor thesis was tasked to undergo examination of phenomenon of children's aggression in kindergarten. Socialization of a child is an important part in raising the child. Children's aggression is a natural part of a child's personality and it is subject to internal and external factors. Children's aggression may take the form of bullying, especially in elementary schools. Practical part of the thesis includes research, which is based on a survey of aggressive behavior in children during team games. Results of the research showed that children's games can trigger children's aggression and that there is a correlation between the frequency of cases of child aggression by the character and the games that children engaged.
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Frequency of Shoulder and Spine Injuries within Woman Volleyball
Vítová, Radka ; Vorálek, Rostislav (advisor) ; Buchtel, Jaroslav (referee)
Name of the bachelor work: Frequency of Shoulder and Spine Injuries within Woman Volleyball Goal of the bachelor work: Main goal of this work is to determine number of shoulder and spine injuries that the first woman league volleyball players suffered during their carrier and to determine description of injuries and types of prevention and regeneration that players use. Method: Required data was obtained by questionnaire in field. Acquired data was processed on the basis of perused Czech and foreign literature that is focused on injuries and prevention in sport. Results: Overview of frequency of shoulder and spine injuries within volleyball. Key words: volleyball, injuries, prevention, regeneration
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Depressive symptomatology of the children
Karlovská, Soňa ; Vaníčková, Eva (advisor)
Conventional wisdom adults is: 'Children are happy, play, do not our worries, workload, and the pains they just pofoukat. "This naive idea of a happy and joyous childhood is long refuted Prejudice as well as the notion that although the child is often sick,but only physically and mentally very rarely. Depression in childhood occursrelatively often, however, is more often associated with behavioral disorders, aggression and various somatic complaints than the symptoms of depressivedisorders adults. Still have depressed children and adolescents similar symptoms as adults: they can not be happy, have low self-esteem, feelings ofsuffering guilt, have at times sad, hopeless mood (with thoughts of death)are irritation, lonely, socially isolated, sometimes aggressive, restlessand hyperactive, sometimes tired, silent, slow with many somatic or vegetative symptoms. a The aim of this thesis was to determine the frequency ofcertain symptoms of depressive syndrome in children, focusing onadolescents with to highlight the significance and importance of active research, early detection, diagnosis and initiation of preventive measures, or.treatment developing mental disorders. Without proper intervention is a risk serious consequences of depressive illness, such as suicide or continuity of depression in adulthood, very high.
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