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Essays in Applied Microeconomics: School Admission Mechanisms and Corporate Bankrupcy
Knot, Ondřej ; Roland, Gérard (advisor) ; Švejnar, Jan (referee) ; Filer, Randall (referee)
In my dissertation, I address two topics in applied microeconomics. First two chapters deal with the functioning of school admission mechanisms and their affects on student school choice behavior. Third chapter deals with the question of optimal bankruptcy law design. Pupil-school matching mechanisms play a critical role in the schooling system. They affect the behavior of students and-through the information they convey-also the behavior of the schools and the authorities responsible for education policy. In the first chapter (joint with Daniel Münich), using a computational simulation model, we analyze the functioning of an admission scheme used in the Czech Republic as a prototype of decentralized, ability-based admission schemes widely used in the world to assign pupils to upper-secondary schools. Our findings show large incidence of strategic misrepresentation of school preferences among applicants, large differences between revealed and trued demand, and large incidence of justified envy in the resulting matching. We point out several implication this could have for functioning of schooling systems. In the second chapter, I empirically study the behavior of students under the Czech pupil-school matching mechanism. Using district-level data on demand for public gymnasia, I find significant evidence...
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Concept of digital generation in the context of education
Habrovanský, Miroslav ; Černochová, Miroslava (advisor) ; Fialová, Irena (referee)
The thesis is focused on a concept of digital generation. Its theoretical part analyses available resources of literature, describes the main characteristics of digital generation and summarizes results of the latest researches about digital generation. The practical part is based on results of a research among teachers from a private secondary school specialized on Informatics and Computer Science presents teachers ́ opinions and experience with behavior of digital generation in school education. The thesis describes also conclusions gained in interviews with a group of secondary school students as representatives of digital generation. Their opinions are confronted with opinions of their teachers. Results gained in both researches were applied in recommendation for how to integrate digital generation into school education. Powered by TCPDF (www.tcpdf.org)
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The history and development of skiagraphy
Dvořáková, Kristýna ; Hořák, Jaromír (referee) ; Daníčková, Kateřina (advisor)
This bachelor thesis "The Evolution of Radiography" deals with sequential development of this imaging method. It covers time period from discovery of X-rays by Wilhelm Conrad Röntgen in 1895, over the conventional Radiography to the current methods and trends of the digital Radiography. For this important discovery, Wilhelm Conrad Röntgen, german physicist, got the Nobel Prize in 1901. This work provides complex information about X-ray technology and describes the image creation procedure. The "Analog Radiography" chapter describes Radiography equipment and the projection type transition: from the conventional film screen radiography to the computed and direct radiography. In case of the Computed radiography (CR) the cassette containing the X-ray film is replaced by a cassette with the photostimulable phosphor. The manipulation with the cassette is almost the same. But we don't need the dark room to get the final image, it is replaced by the reading device - the scanner. The simplest and optimal imaging system for future is the direct radiography (DR). The direct radiography uses two types of semi-conductor detectors described in detail in this work: with direct and indirect conversion of X- rays to electrical impulses. These semi-conductors are placed under the Bucky grid on examination table or on the...
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Postpenitential care - utilization of coaching interview method
Selmbacherová, Tereza ; Buriánek, Jiří (advisor) ; Podaná, Zuzana (referee)
This thesis presents postpenitentiary care / after care and its basic definition. It also discusses the use of coaching approaches in the after-care. The main objective of this thesis is to design and test the suitability and efficiency of leadership coaching approaches in after-care interviews. In the introduction of coaching approaches, I present the results from tests done with a research group made of former prisoners from facilities based in Prague, who left in the period between 17th 2010 and 24 5th The 2011th. A key finding is that researchers proved the suitability of the use of variable roles. In the following thesis, I define the three main borders and two roles that can be used for client access. The basic forms of access to clients can be identified as the approach of coach, child behavioral / ethopedy and social worker. Boundary roles can be described as a role transition between the essential roles. Through roles based on current client's needs, it can help to develop various personalised ways towards the independence. This thesis can serve as input into the area of after-care treatment. It also introduces a possibility to access after-care providers by enriching other possible approaches to clients.
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Fertility patterns and trends in post-socialist countries contrasted with Sweden and the United States of America
Shermakhanbetuly, Dinmukhamed ; Rychtaříková, Jitka (advisor) ; Kocourková, Jiřina (referee)
The thesis addresses fertility patterns and trends in post-socialist countries of the Czech Republic, the Russian Federation, the Republic of Kazakhstan, the Republic of Latvia and western countries of Sweden and the United States of America during 1999 - 2007 period. Differentials in shifts in fertility behavior including changes in family formation, fertility timing and extramarital childbearing coming from the baby-boom era in western countries and the collapse of state socialist regime in post-socialist countries are described in the thesis. The tendency in changing attitudes to childbearing and the role of the children in the family are obviously seen. After examining the age profile in fertility development for selected countries the role of women according to age group in overall fertility is explained. Share of live births borne outside of marriage in western countries has increased over the past decades. While the vast changes in the proportion of extramarital live births in post-socialist countries observed since entering to the market economy of state management. This is explained by several reasons including less favorable socio-economic conditions during the transition period and changes in social norms in the society. Relationship between the share of extramarital live births and...
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Kinetics of Heterogeneous Processes in Silicate Technologies -Dehydroxylation and Disolution of Clay Minerals
Křečková, Magdaléna ; Kutzendörfer, Jaroslav (referee) ; Kuřitka, Ivo (referee) ; Havlica, Jaromír (advisor)
The first part of the thesis discuss general characterization of heterogeneous processes in silicates. This part is focused on kinetics of heterogeneous processes and mathematical description of reactions time behavior. The other part describes important technologies in silicate industry such as sintering, solid matter decomposition, transition modification, etc. Another chapter deals mineralogy, structure and properties of eminent silicate raw materials. Emphases is given to characterization of clay minerals and their utilising. The experimental part handle the analytic techniques used for investigation of thermal decompostion, dehydroxylation, crystalization of Al-Si spinel phase and sintering process of washed kaolin Sedlec Ia from the region Carlsbad (Czech Republic). Concluding chapter reports on results of experimental work.
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Modeling and simulation of a hybrid micro grid in PSCAD environment
Moravčík, Martin ; Mastný, Petr (referee) ; Drápela, Jiří (advisor)
In the opening part of this master´s thesis there is given concept, description, usage and advantages of micro hybrid grids in comparison to micro grids and there are evolution steps towards hybrid grid. There is also a mention about economics of operation of these grids. In the second part of this thesis there are descriptions of devices that are suitable for usage in micro hybrid grids with emphasis on generators and accumulation possibilities. In the next part of this thesis there is given an approach and description for modeling of various components of hybrid grids in PSCAD environment. In the next part of this thesis there are given simulation results that were conducted on created model. Especially power balance in 24 hour operation of the grid with method for determining suitable size of accumulation and installed capacity of photovoltaics. And next there are showed responses from change of power from photovoltaics, next there is a transition to islanded mode and last there is showed the behavior of converter when the limits of accumulation are reached. In the final part of this thesis there are conclusions, fulfillment of goals of this thesis and possibilities of further study.
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Institutional Factors affecting Investment Inflows in Transitional Countries
Donu, Victoria ; Mertlík, Pavel (advisor) ; Mlčoch, Lubomír (referee)
This thesis investigates the relationship between institutional quality and the level of investment inflows in transitional countries from Central and Eastern Europe. We try to empirically verify the argument that institutional determinants are important in explaining the behavior of investment inflows in transition economies after 1990's. The role of institutions is being assessed using Worldwide Governance Indicators developed by Kaufmann. Consequently, in order to investigate the institutional quality progress specific for transition economies, we employ indicators developed by European Bank for Reconstruction and Development. Applying a panel-data set for ten countries in a period between 1996 and 2010, we conclude that there is a significant impact of institutional quality on investment inflows. In the regression benchmark performed with Kaufmann indicators, we managed to observe an indirect effect due to the fact that the information available on institutions is already incorporated in the macroeconomic variables. In the regression benchmark considering EBRD indicators, we managed to report a clear significance of the institutional determinants on the level of foreign investments. Keywords Foreign Direct Investment, Institutions, Institutional Determinants, Central and Eastern Europe,...
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Essays on Managerial Pay Structure
Antal, Juraj ; Roland, Gérard (advisor) ; Libich, Jan (referee) ; Fidrmuc, Jarko (referee)
Three essays on regime change∗ Juraj Antal CERGE-EI† and ČNB‡ June 2008 Abstract This dissertation consists of three chapters from different economic fields that have a regime change in common. While the first chapter deals with anticipated monetary regime change, the other two chapters address political regime change. The impact of the particular regime change on equilibrium outcomes, based on microfoundations, is part of the result common to all chapters. In addition, each chapter provides additional results and insights into the corresponding topic. Keywords: Macroeconomics, Political Economics, Transition Economics, New Keynesian Models, Small Open Economy, Monetary Policy Rules, Regime Change, Communist parties, Strategic Behavior, Corruption, Electoral competition, Media JEL classification: E17, E31, E52, E58, E61, F02, F41 ∗ František Brázdik is the coauthor of the first chapter. This chapter was supported by the Czech National Bank Research Project No. A2/2005. The views expressed are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect those of the Czech National Bank. † A joint workplace of the Center for Economic Research and Graduate Education, Charles University, Prague, and the Economics Institute of the Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic. Address: CERGE-EI, P.O. Box 882, Politických vězňů 7,...
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Essays in Corporate Finance
Joeveer, Karin ; Jurajda, Štěpán (advisor) ; Ongena, Steven (referee) ; Kotrba, Josef (referee)
This dissertation consists of three essays about firm financing. The first essay detects the bank-firm relationship in a transition country while the second and third essays address the importance of country factors in a company's capital structure decisions. The question of the extent in which the financial sector problems "spill over" to firms is an important issue to study and it is particularly under-explored in the context of transition economies, where the financial systems are fragile. In my first essay I study the effect of an Estonian bank's failure in 1998 on its corporate loan clients by comparing the performance of clients to that of a random sample of other firms. First, I analyze whether bank bankruptcy causes the bankruptcy of client firms. I find that client firms are less likely to survive until 2000 even after controlling for their pre- bank bankruptcy performance. Second, I analyze the behavior of firms' profitability, liquidity, and growth of fixed assets. I find liquidity to be the only variable that decreases for the client firms compared to the control firms after the bank bankruptcy. In my second essay I evaluate the importance of firm-specific, country- institutional and macroeconomic factors in explaining the firm leverage variation simultaneously. I use a large European...
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