|
|
Assessment of energy metabolism in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
Poláková, Terezie ; Kovařík, Miroslav (advisor) ; Hronek, Miloslav (referee)
Charles University in Prague Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové Department of Biological and Medical Sciences Student: Terezie Poláková Supervisor of master thesis: PharmDr. Miroslav Kovařík, Ph.D. Title of master thesis: Assessment of energy metabolism in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is the name for lung disease with systemic consequences. Besides the respiratory symptoms there are also described changes in body metabolism, which could lead to the development of serious metabolic syndrome called cachexia. The main aim of this study was to compare the resting energy expenditure (REE) and nutrition substrate utilization in 12 patients with advanced form of COPD from the Czech Multicentre Research Database of COPD (5 females and 7 males, mean age 68 ± 6 years) and in 9 patients of control group without respiratory impairment (5 females and 4 males, 62 ± 4 years). Assessment of body metabolism was determined by method of indirect calorimetry. Measured REE was then compared with prediction based on Harris-Benedict equation. The utilization of main nutrition substrates was determined from the respiratory quotient and urea nitrogen loss in urine. We found that measured REE in COPD patients was about 20 % higher than in control group....
|
|
|
Quality of life with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD)
Dostálková, Šárka ; Mareš, Jiří (advisor) ; Kollarová, Jana (referee)
Bakalářská práce se věnuje kvalitě života pacientů s chronickou obstrukční plicní nemocí (CHOPN). V teoretické části jsou definovány základní termíny a pojmy, jedná se například o definici CHOPN, její prevalenci, diagnostiku i terapii, popsán je koncept kvality života, zmíněny jsou metody užívané k jejímu zjišťování, přičemž pozornost je soustředěna zejména na dotazníky zjišťující kvalitu života pacientů s CHOPN. V empirické části je provedena analýza dotazníkového šetření realizovaném na 52 mužích v různých stadiích CHOPN. Dotazník byl vyhodnocen jak pro celý výzkumný vzorek, tak i pro jednotlivá stadia nemoci.
|
|
|
Monitoring of postural and respiratory chang es in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
Bělousovová, Anna ; Smolíková, Libuše (advisor) ; Babková, Lenka (referee)
Bibliographic identification BĚLOUSOVOVÁ, Anna. Monitoring of postural and respiratory changes in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease Prague: Charles University, 2. Faculty of Medicine, Department of Rehabilitation and Sports Medicine, 2014. 66 p. Supervisor doc. PaedDr. Libuše Smolíková Ph.D. Abstract The thesis Monitoring of Postural and Respiratory Changes in Patients with Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease summerises knowledge of etiology, etiopathogenesis and pathophysiology of the chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. It also contains chapters dealing with pathophysiology and changes of the breathing mechanics in COPD patients, changes of the spirometry results within the disease, chapters following posture and postural functions, dysfunctional breathing and alterations of the function of postural muscles and an increase of the work of breathing. In the practical part of the thesis, 18 patients was involved in kinesiological assessment, dynamic tests of the movement of the spine, an assesment of the pathological barriers of the cervical, thoracic spine and ribs according to Lewit, tests of the deep stabilizing system and tests of the quality of life - CAT and SGRQ. These data were statistically processed together with the spirometrical data of the patients. There were three groups...
|
|
|
Case study: Physiotherapy treatment of a patient with the diagnosis of acute exacerbation of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
Novotný, Ondřej ; Melli, Klára (advisor) ; Máchová, Jitka (referee)
The aim of this work is a record of physiotherapeutic care of patient with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease in acute exacerbation. First, there is described a characteristic of this disease including the exacerbation followed by a recherche of contemporary view of pulmonary rehabilitation and respiratory physiotherapy. There is a strong emphasis on the active cycle of breathing techniques in the therapy as a method of controlled and effective expectoration. The evaluation of the effect of the therapy is based on the difference of results in the mMRC and CAT questionnaires, functional examination 6-minute walk test and the BODE Index value gathered during the initial and the end examination. Powered by TCPDF (www.tcpdf.org)
|
|
|
Densitometric determination of body composition in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
Malinová, Barbora ; Kovařík, Miroslav (advisor) ; Hronek, Miloslav (referee)
Charles University in Prague Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové Department of Biological and Medical Sciences Student: Barbora Malinová Supervisor of Diploma thesis: PharmDr. Miroslav Kovařík Ph.D. Title of diploma thesis: Densitometric determination of body composition in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is the fourth leading cause of death in 2004 according to the WHO Global Burden of Disease Project and its morbidity and mortality worldwide is still increasing. Besides the lung function impairment, there are often described changes in body composition in COPD patients e.g. the skeletal muscle protein loss. The main aim of the study was determining the body composition by DEXA in patients diagnosed with COPD and comparing them with physiological values or studies dealing with this issue. On each patient was performed one examination, patients were coming after twelve-hour fasting. Average age was 66 ± 8 years. The amount of fat-free mass was not reduced. There was not therefore a loss of muscle tissue due to COPD. When evaluating total fat, we find that men have more fat than normal levels. This is also indicated by BMI that has been in the majority in the range of overweight and obesity. We did not confirm the link between COPD...
|
|
| |
|
|
Resting energy expenditure in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
Jenšík, Martin ; Kovařík, Miroslav (advisor) ; Hronek, Miloslav (referee)
1 Abstract Charles University in Prague Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové Department of Biological and Medical Sciences Student: Martin Jenšík Supervisor of master thesis: PharmDr. Miroslav Kovařík Ph.D. Title of master thesis: Resting energy expenditure in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is step by step moving ahead in public and scientific interest due to its fast rising in mortality rate. Contemporary studies observed a phenomena that patients with COPD have increased resting energy expenditure (REE) that leads to loss of fat free mass and total weight. Our goal was to confirm or disprove this hypothesis. Our research ran in Department of research and development at University hospital Hradec Králové. In our study participated 30 patients, 26 men and 4 women, mean age 67 ± 8 let. Every patient was once examined after twelve-hour fasting. We determined REE and substrate utilization by method of indirect calorimetry. We confirmed increased REE from the average value of REE - 122 ± 14 % predicted by Harris - Benedict equation. None patient was hypometabolic, 7 were normometabolic and 23 hypermetabolic. Substrate utilization did not differ contrary to physiological values. Furthermore we discovered correlation among fat mass, fat free mass,...
|
|
|
Body schema in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
Bartošová, Kristýna ; Smolíková, Libuše (advisor) ; Máček, Miloš (referee)
Diploma thesis "Body schema in Patients with Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease" is an experimental work which deals with body schema perception. As a part of the thesis there are particular tests of body schema included, which examine difference between control group and group of patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Research part of the work deals with current findings about body schema and with findings about chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. There is more detailed analyze of musculoskeletal questions in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease included. In an experimental part of the thesis there are comments on results of the body schema tests. The tests are focused on stereognosis, on position sense, on perception of self body size and on the ability to achieve isolated movement. Powered by TCPDF (www.tcpdf.org)
|
|
|
Evolving needs of patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
KAŠPAROVÁ, Iveta
Nowadays chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is considered to be a global and all society problems. COPD interferes in all aspects of patient´s life. It implicates limitations to physical aspect which is the cause of psychological and social effects. The disease changes the present way of patient´s life, the patients have to change their lifestyle, adapt themselves and learn new habits which can also mean changes of their needs during the COPD. The thesis deals with the problems of COPD patient´s needs. The thesis is divided into two main parts. The theoretical part focuses on characteristic of the disease, classification and hierarchy of human needs, the effects of COPD on biological, psychological, social and spiritual needs and next on the nursing care for patients with COPD. The practical part of the thesis includes the processing and next the evaluation of the dates obtained during the research. The aim of the thesis was to findout how the patient's needs differ in particular stadium of the disease. To get the aim there were determined six research questions:1) What is the knowledge level of COPD patients? 2) How different are their needs in particular stadium of the disease? 3) Which needs predominate in individual stadium of the disease? 4) Which activities can COPD patients do? 5) Which limitations and problems do COPD patients have? 6) Which needs does a COPD patient have in the field of home oxygen therapy? The method of qualitative research was used for the research. The technique of non-standardized interview was used for the data gathering. The research complex was formed by 15 COPD patients from the first to the third stadium of the disease. There were five patients in each chosen stadium. The evidence of the individual patients were divided according to their specific stadium into particular categories: knowledge of the disease, respiration, sleep, lifestyle, profession, check-ups. The research shows that the need changes did not directly depend on the level of the disease stadium, but mainly on the patient´s facing up to the disease, their total state of health and based on their individual needs. The firstand second stadium patients gave as the most common need to have their medicines permanently at their disposal, next the bigger need of sleep and rest and last but not least the need of being more independent. The progress of needs in the third stadium was different according to using of home oxygen the therapy or not. The patients who use home oxygen therapy coincided that the therapy helped them to improve their life. Now the main need is to increase their independence in household activities and to besurrounded by their family. Some COPD patients have demonstrable common symptom of depression which consequently influences physiological needs such as sleep, rest, independence and also their total self-realization. The need changes significantly affected the field of life habits, regime,lifestyle and leisure time activities. First of all there has been the absence of cigarettes and alcohol among their life habits and regime. There have been some limitations such as fishing, riding a bike, mushroomingin leisure time activities. The lifestyle was affected the changes in family and work life. The patients often suffer from dyspnoea, which subsequently limits walking, household activities, self-service,for example: shopping, meal preparing, dressing or doing personal hygiene. Despite various limitations the patients do various activities like walking dogs, strolling, reading books, watching TV, visiting clubs and other interesting culture events. The research results pointed to insufficient level of knowledge of the COPD patients. Due to the low level of the patients´ knowledge of the disease an information material with basic information about the disease was prepared.
|
|
|
Air pollution - invisible threat?
Šitinová, Kristina ; Zajíček, Miroslav (advisor) ; Louda, Jiří (referee)
This paper examines the influence of air pollution on humans. Suggesting the possible consequences of each action of air pollutants on human health but also the possible economic impacts of air pollution. It primarily exploers the effects of concentration of suspended particulate matter (PM10) on the incidence of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. The response variable in the regression model serves to determine the effect of PM10 on the incidence of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease was a percentage share of patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease among the clients of the General Health Insurance Company in individual regions of the Czech Republic. Explanatory variables were the mean annual concentration of PM10 and gross added value per capita. The model suggests that there is a statistically significant positive correlation between the incidence of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease in the Czech Republic and PM10 concentrations.
|
guest ::
