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Non-traditional foods containing probiotic bacteria
Sobotková, Markéta ; Konečná, Jana (referee) ; Trachtová, Štěpánka (advisor)
Probiotic microorganisms are contained in common dairy products as well in unconventional probiotic products consumed especially in Asian countries. In the thesis is shown overview of chosen less common foodstuffs containing probiotic microorganisms, which no belong to fermented dairy products. In the thesis are discussed positive health benefits of probiotics foodstuffs on the host. The experimental part deals with the identification of probiotic microorganisms, which are contained in chosen probiotic product from Asia. DNA was isolated from the product by use phenol extraction and using magnetic particles. Probiotic microorganisms in chosen product were detected using method real-time polymerase chain reaction (qPCR).
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Production of carotenoids by red yeasts grown on some waste substrates
Kubáčková, Martina ; Čarnecká, Martina (referee) ; Márová, Ivana (advisor)
Carotenoids belong to the most widespread and abundant classes of natural pigments with utilised in food industry, pharmacy and cosmetics. Presented work was realized as a comparative study of some substrates for cultivation of red yeast Rhodotorula glutinis, which produces carotenoid pigments. Yeasts were cultivated in different media with several waste substrates (for example potato fiber, apple waste, cereals, grains, etc.) as nutrition sources. To some substrates hydrolytic enzymes isolated from the fungi genus Fusarium were added. Majority of waste substrates were acceptable for cultivation. However, the best conditions for production of carotenoid enriched biomass (6,4 g/l of biomass enriched 3,2 mg /g of beta-carotene) exhibited media with hydrolytic fungal enzymes.
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Lycium chinense and Lepidium meyenii in new food products
Novotný, Marek ; Vítová, Eva (referee) ; Vespalcová, Milena (advisor)
This diploma thesis deals with application of wolfberry (Lycium chinense) and maca (Lepidium meyenii) in food products. Both plants have high nutrition content and are studied for their health benefits to humans. In case of wolfberry it’s mainly immune-stimulating and antioxidant properties. Maca is known for increasing fertility and there’s also reported lowering of cholesterol and blood sugar. In theoretic part are summarized findings about chemical composition, science studies about effects of these plants, situation on the Czech trade and project of use. Aim of this thesis was to create practical demonstration of use and consumption both plants and to evaluate it by methods of sensory analysis. For this purpose three samples of wolfberry cereal bars and three samples of chocolate with maca powder were produced. These samples were sensory evaluated using ranking test, scale test and profile test. Higher amount of maca in chocolate had worse rating, while use of wolfberry was rated quite well. Therefore three wolfberry cereal bars were produced as the final product in cooperation with bakery and chocolate factory Fikar – bar with fruit filling glazed with chocolate, classical bar glazed and classical bar not glazed with chocolate, as a demonstration of possible industrial use.
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Application of the method PCR-HRM analysis to identify bacteria in foods and food supplements
Šurková, Alice ; Illková, Kateřina (referee) ; Trachtová, Štěpánka (advisor)
Theoretical part of the thesis was focused on foods and food supplements containing microorganisms, especially bacteria. Furthermore, the thesis deals with methods for identification of the bacteria, primarily polymerase chain reaction (PCR). The thesis also includes real-time PCR and is specially focused on high resolution melting analysis (HRM). During the experimental part, the DNA sample was isolated from a chosen probiotics product using magnetic microparticles. The concentration of the DNA sample was determinate and DNA was subjected to PCR with subsequent detection PCR products by agarose gel electrophoresis. To the results specify HRM analysis was then performed.
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Additives in Selected Types of Food in the Market Network of the Czech Republic
BOHDALOVÁ, Tereza
The bachelor´s thesis presents a summary of informations about additives in food. In literary review is presented the legislation of additives, a summary of individual groups of additives and the most important reprezentatives. The own research is focused on Czech residents and their familiarity with additives and on the food purchase. The results showed that people are interested in food composition more then in last years. There is also described the issue of content of additives in products, which are sold in Czech markets and the comparison of Czech products with Austrian products, which proved there is no big difference.
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Intervention measures of European Union on the market of agricultural commodities
Polívka, Petr ; Drozen, František (advisor) ; Turnerová, Lenka (referee) ; Šroller, Josef (referee) ; Běhal, Josef (referee)
The agriculture is regulated generally by majority of developed countries. This statement is particularly true when taking European Union into account. This regulation, which comes often together with high grants, is explained by seasonal character of agriculture, supporting of rural country, protection of jobs but also by existence of foreign grants and financial support. The original idea behind Common Agricultural Policy (CAP) was to increase the income of agriculture segment. That is why EU started to subsidize the agricultural products. This led to increase of production because of the fact, that the farmers made use of the subsidies and produced higher quantities. The farmers enlarged the crops areas, used intensive methods of production, extended usage of heavy machinery and invested more in processing. This resulted in increase of secondary processing business sector. This brought the basic economic problem for the farmers: higher production backed by higher subsidies resulted in overlap of supply over demand on the market, which subsequently forced decrease in price of goods. This way, the income of farmers decreased back to the original level. The Government reacted to this process by setting minimal redemption prices. Higher price would subsequently decrease number of sold agriculture commodities. This way, there occurs overproduction, which is logical consequence of regulating the system by minimal redemption prices. There exist several possibilities how to react to such a situation. Export subventions (financial support for exports and granting of export licences) mean only transferring the problem of overproduction to another country. Another "possibility" is to cut-down imported quantities by putting restriction on import, such as quantity restrictions or customs duties. The support of export makes the situation more difficult for local farmers and import restrictions could lead to retaliatory action. The last used method is a possibility of buying out of the overflowing quantity of agricultural products and its either destruction or selling these under price. In EU discussions about complex reform of CAP and the way of its financing are constantly in progress. Quality of products and support of rural country are the priorities of this complex reform. According to Author, the regulation of agricultural industry is necessary in European context, but in another way that is performed under CAP. The regulation is not necessary just because of the fact, that agriculture is a specific sphere of business, but more likely because of the need to control cheap, low-quality and dangerous products, as well as maintaining reasonable balance of migration of people from rural country towards towns. The approach of EU to market intervention is shown by the Author specifically on the market of agricultural commodities in EU and CR. According to the fact that the legislation relating to this topic is very wide, the Author used specific example of the butter market and examined the interventions on this market in detail. Market prices of butter and intervention purchases in EU countries were cross-examined. For this comparison the price levels from years 2005, 2006 and 2007 were used for the EU countries using intervention tool on the butter market. As a result of this analysis the Author declares, that he did not notice any significant differences in level of intervention prices among the EU countries. This applies to new EU joining countries as well. In the Czech Republic the State Agricultural Intervention Fund (SZIF) intervenes on the agricultural market. This Fund buys agricultural overpluses and tries to sell these commodities at highest price possible. Loss from intervention operations is estimated to be several billion Czech crowns per year. In 2005 SZIF accepted 26 offers from three economic operators and bought altogether 795,1 tons of butter. This number refers to the quantity after deduction of returned butter. The value of butter kept by the SZIF was 69,335,000 CZK including VAT. In 2006, as in 2005, buy-outs of butter were initialised by Commission as late as at the beginning of April. Again, this was caused by the fact, that the market price was by 7 % higher, in comparison to new intervention price. Between 3rd April and 15th June the SZIF accepted 31 offers from four economic operators and bought altogether 1,164.2 tons of butter. Total value of butter was 157,475,000 CZK including VAT (69,335,000 CZK from year 2005 and 88,140,000 CZK relating to 2006). In 2007 and 2008 almost no butter was purchased because of the high global market price. An important conclusion can be made in relation to result of intervention tools and its impact on consumers, producing subjects and milk processing companies. Situation on the Common EU market is dependent on successful handling of agricultural overpluses, which means dependency on global prices of milk commodities and actual foreign exchange rates (USD/EUR/CZK). And what is a most important; main beneficiary from intervention purchases is the processing industry, to which this support is not primarily addressed. Intervention purchases have nearly no impact on income of commodity first-producers as well as on the consumer prices. Liberalisation of the world trade is another area analysed in this Thesis. Liberalisation does not have to mean necessarily reduction of agricultural production, especially not in territories favourable for agriculture. It is probable, that together with increasing financial solvency of poor countries, demand for agricultural product, backed by ability to pay, will grow in these regions. These countries will not be able to satisfy this demand themselves also because of the fact, that high quantities of local agricultural production is exported. As a result, liberalisation of the world agricultural trade could help both developed and developing countries. Nowadays, within the WTO agreements, agricultural products from more than 40 least developed countries are allowed to enter European market duty free and no real threat to the Common market was noticed. Furthermore, there exists a system of non-duty licences towards third countries that results in non-European agricultural product entering European Common Market. The fact is that export of the EU agricultural production is deteriorating due to the decreasing subsidies, which is in contrast to slightly increasing import of agricultural products from non-EU countries. Sadly, this is caused also by overdeveloped bureaucratic network in EU, which is increasing the price and making EU products less competitive. According to the Author, production and consumption of cheese will grow according to changing food habits, but in future the Author expects a decrease in demand for butter and low-fat milk and these products will be relatively more exported thanks to the generally increasing world demand for these products. The production of milk will not change significantly; the number of milking cows is expected to decrease slightly and the utilisation should slightly increase. In medium-term conditions, the Author expects the generally decreased demand for milk and butter should be followed by an increased demand for milk products with higher added value.
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Utilize of instrumentality PSE (Pressurized Solvent Extraction) in food analysis
Grulichová, Hana ; Vítová, Eva (referee) ; Vespalcová, Milena (advisor)
This bachelor thesis is engaged in the modern method of extraction PSE (pressurized solvent extraction). There have been two types of this apparatus, One PSE and Fast PSE. In this thesis, the apparatus and its behavior is described. Extraction of anthraquinones, strychnine, berberine, glycyrrhizin, ligustilides from medical plants is presented below. These substancies are used mainly in treatment for various diseases. In this work is noticed trace elements, tocopherols, alkylbenzene sulphonate, isoflavone, dionine, betacarotene, vitamin E, polyphenol extracted from biological samples. Utilization of the substancies from biological samples is very different. Some one decreased risk of osteoporosis, cardiovascular disease, cancer and other is by contrast deleterious toxin. High attention is devoted to substancies presented in food such as polychlorinated biphenyls, various pesticides, lipids, oxysterols. These substancies are in food rather undesirable than is why their amount is determinated to the food isn´t deleterious.
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Amaranth unconventional food in human nutrition
ŠESTÁKOVÁ, Irena
The subject of the Bachelor thesis is amaranth as an innovative component in human nutrition. Genus Amaranthus L. belongs to the family of Amaranthaceae. Amaranth is an annual dicotyledonous C4 plant. The seeds are smooth, lenticular and in cultural species are pink or yellow up to cream-colored. In the Czech Republic the weight of thousands of seeds circles around 0.6 to 0.8 grams. The whole aboveground part of the plant is edible. Usually people consume only seeds and leaves. Plant species grown for its seeds are Amaranthus hypochondriacus, Amaranthus cruentus and Amaranthus caudatus. Some species are grown as a leaf vegetable, such as Amaranthus tricolor, Amaranthus dubius and Amaranthus gangeticus. Plants are resistant to the higher salinity and have increased ability to draw nutrients from the soil. The plants are able to manage with the supply of soil moisture; therefore it fits also in drier areas. During the vegetation it is necessary to get rid of weeds, especially removing related wild plants whose seeds cannot be separated from cultural forms. Amaranth seeds ripen unevenly. The date of the harvest is selected depending on the variety, sowing date and weather conditions. Suitable storage humidity is 12%. Yield in our conditions varies between 600 and 2400 kg / ha. The estimated yield per hectare varies between 4 and 14 tons of fresh leaves. The use of amaranth in food industry has a wide range such as bakery, meat industry, children's nutrition, pharmaceutical industry, cosmetic industry and energy industry. Amaranth is from the nutritional standpoint, highly prized plant. The content of proteins is about 18%. Amaranth protein is important in terms of higher lysine content, therefore if it is appropriately used in someone´s diet, it can replace animal protein. Carbohydrates of amaranth are listed in quantities of over 60 %, the most important carbohydrate of amaranth is starch, which has an extremely small grain (1 2 ?m) and it is useful for nutrition, where it can be part of easily digestible nutritional beverages and products. Fats of amaranth are in the range of 6 - 8 %. From the dietary point of view, it is important to sustain high content of unsaturated fatty acids and squalene, which is known for its antioxidant and chemoprotective effect. Another components of amaranth oil are phytosterols, which have a preventive effect against atherosclerosis. Other important ingredients of amaranth are substances such as phenolic flavonoid rutin, which increases the resistance of capillary walls and improves the absorption of vitamin C in the intestines. Amaranth is an excellent source of vitamins and minerals. However, Amaranth grain and leaves also contain anti-nutritional and toxic substances. By the influence of the selective breeding, way of storage and processing such substances in the plant gradually decreased. Researches have shown that amaranth has wide preventive effect. It does not cause any allergic reactions and does not contain gluten. For that reason it is suitable for inclusion in the diet of coeliacs. Amaranth contains antihypertensive peptide and in diabetics it reduces the risk of a lack of insulin in the blood and it has been shown and anticancer effect. Eating amaranth has a positive effect on the immune system and body supply of iron. Amaranth is also a good ingredient in nutritional drinks and enteral nutrition. The suitability of this crop in the diet of all age groups is indisputable. In seniors it affects cell regeneration and metabolism, and in children the importance of lysine, which promotes the formation of new brain cells. Amaranth is for its toughness and content of many nutrients, minerals and vitamins referred to as the third crop Millennium, which may be one of the solutions to food shortages in developing countries.
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Food quality -- additives
Blehová, Lucie ; Kořánová, Helena (advisor) ; Hůlová, Marie (referee)
The bachelor thesis "Food quality -- additives" deals with the legislative security of using food additives in the Czech Republic. It is also concerned with the additives according to their food functions and influence on consumers' health. The practical part focuses on the opinions of consumers, which are finally compared with the opinions of experts.
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