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The exercise of the state's rights and duties in the airspace in the light of public international law
Kobera, Václav ; Ondřej, Jan (advisor) ; Hofmannová, Mahulena (referee)
108 THE EXERCISE OF THE STATE'S RIGHTS AND DUTIES IN THE AIRSPACE IN THE LIGHT OF PUBLIC INTERNATIONAL LAW The space above the Earth was the lawyer's examination subject matter already in ancient times. The air which we breathe, as well as the water from the sea, was considered to be a thing common to all (res communis omnium). However, as far as the movement and life in the air were concerned (here we can use the term "airspace"), a different rule was used. This rule said "he who owns the land, owns it up to heaven" (cuius es solum, eius est usque ad coelum). This conception of the airspace still had not much in common with today's conception based on its practical use. It is obvious that society then could not have assumed reasonably (because of the level of its technical development) that mankind was going to be able to use the airspace. The origins of proper use of the airspace we can only date to when the Montgolfier brothers constructed and launched the first hot air balloon (1783 in Paris). Initially such activities were considered to be rather curiosities but they gained respect very quickly especially when used during armed conflicts in the 19th century performing espionage and bombing tasks. At the beginning of the 20th century the Wright brothers successfully tested the first heavier-than-air...
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The younger Great Moravian phase in Mikulčice and a question of its understanding by means of study of ceramic groups
Mazuch, Marian ; Sláma, Jiří (advisor) ; Wachowski, Krysztof (referee) ; Poláček, Lumír (referee)
The current state of archaeological research on Great Moravia can, with a bit of exaggeration, be described as archaeology of two faces. The archaeology of cemeteries and the archaeology of settlement situations in power centres of the Great Moravian state. This seemingly provocative division may symbolize a kind of dualism, represented in two levels. In part, there are naturally two completely different worlds in the sphere of the living and of the dead, but there is also the archaeological difference - in the representation of material culture. We find just a few objects that these two worlds have in common (with the exception of those either with functional and formative perfection or, on the contrary, with simplicity, that, at least till this time, cannot typologically be distinguished, such as knives or spindle whorls), or more precisely these common points are very rarely monitored and evaluated in settlement contexts. In my opinion, this fact can be of crucial importance while trying to create a general chronology of the period in question. Archaeological evaluations of cemeteries, according to my knowledge, can be considered to be truly archaeological only if carried out on the basis of a stratigraphic analysis and, in the first phase, at least with the elaboration of some relative chronological...
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Mycorrhizal and endophytic roots of aquatic plants
Borovec, Ondřej ; Vohník, Martin (advisor) ; Kolařík, Miroslav (referee)
Interactions between fungi and plants can be found all around us. We would hardly find a plant neither containing a single hypha in its rhizosphere nor infested with a fungal pathogen. Whereas interactions of these organisms are well and described in terrestrial ecosystems, situation below the water level is completely different. The status of aquatic fungi and their relation to aquatic plants is to date not clear at all regarding difficulties of reaching them and huge value of terrestric interactions, which occupy most of the experts. All the basic plant-fungus interactions have been detected also underwater. As well as on the land, the most widespread aquatic mycorrhizal association is arbuscular mycorrhiza. On the contrary, the other well known mycorrhiza types such as orchid or ericoid mycorrhiza do not occur in the aquatic environment where their hosts are absent. On the other hand, endophytism is relatively frequent. Ascomycetous fungi with dark septate hyphae, collectively being referred to as "dark septate endophytes" (DSE), seem to be as abundant in the water as on the land. Additionally, aquatic plants are being challenged by numerous fungal parasites. AMF may play an important role in nutrient uptake of some plants from the aquatic environment. However, many species of aquatic plants are...
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Landscape structure, habitat properties, species traits or chance: What determines distribution of grassland plants in abandoned fields?
Knappová, Jana ; Münzbergová, Zuzana (advisor) ; Hájek, Michal (referee) ; De Bello, Francesco (referee)
Semi-natural grasslands are among the most threatened habitats in Europe, endangered mainly by cessation of former management practices and conversion into other types of land use. Extensive research has been carried out in European grasslands in last decades, to explain origins of diversity and to provide guidelines for its conservation. However, the very slow response of perennial plants to landscape changes often impedes to accurately evaluate why species occur just where they occur and not elsewhere. Abandoned fields are perceived as potential habitats for species from declining grasslands. Indeed, many species are able to spontaneously colonise abandoned fields, but many other species are absent from communities that develop there. An important question remains what limits their successful establishment. By answering this question, we can gain also important insights into factors determining species distribution in grasslands because colonization of recently abandoned fields by grassland species is the ongoing process which is not obscured by historical changes in landscape structure. The very basic aim of this thesis was to evaluate the status quo of dry grassland plants in fields abandoned in last two decades. And in the second step, to identify what are the main constrains of successful...
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Event marketing
Vinterová, Petra ; Matějů, Martin (referee) ; Žák, Josef (referee)
Ve své rigorózní práci se zabývám problematikou event marketingu jako moderního nástroje využívajícího lidské emoce a prožitky k působení na spotřební chování jedinců, zejména pak jeho praktického využití v komunikačním mixu firem a organizací. Toto téma považuji za nesmírně zajímavé a podnětné nejen z obchodního, ale rovněž z kulturního, psychologického, sociologického hlediska. Jedním z hlavních důvodů výběru této problematiky je má aktivní činnost v marketingu a event marketingu obzvláště. Domnívám se tedy, že na těchto stránkách budu moci zhodnotit některé své praktické zkušenosti, a naopak pro mě nové poznatky, získané při podrobném studiu dostupných podkladů pro rigorózní práci, budou nepochybně přínosem pro mé budoucí působení v marketingu. Event marketing je v naší zemi poměrně novým komunikačním nástrojem, objevil se zde samozřejmě až několik let po revoluci v roce 1989, v první polovině 90. let 20. století. Někteří současní marketingoví pracovníci se s ním doposud blíže nesetkali a ne všechny firmy a instituce event marketing aktivně využívají. Dá se říci, že v našich podmínkách jde o území ještě ne zcela probádané a skrývající velký potenciál. Této situaci, bohužel, odpovídá též situace na poli odborné literatury věnované event marketingu. Zájemce o danou problematiku má na českém trhu k...
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Retail audit analysis of confectionery market in Czech Republic
Konečná, Eva ; Vávra, Oldřich (advisor) ; Navrkalová, Jana (referee)
The main goal of my master thesis is to conduct a complex analysis of the confectionery market in Czech Republic, as one of the most profitable and dynamic category. The methodology that is used to analyse the market is the retail audit analysis, that provides an independent insight into the problem and helps to analyse the market from various perspectives. The first part is focused on the total confectionery market with the goal to introduce the market with its specifics, then the analysis goes deeper into the chocolate confectionery market and is extended by consumer research, that provides a useful consumer insight. As a result, the thesis emphasizes the importance of retail audit data, while at the same time gaps of the analysis are shown by using the consumer research as a secondary methodology.
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Pseudogravidity in the Female Dog
Rybnikářová, Kateřina ; Krejčířová, Romana (advisor) ; Ptáčková, Zuzana (referee)
A condition known as false pregnancy or pseudopregnancy characterises a normal course of the luteal phase of the reproductive cycle in non-pregnant bitches with abnormal external signs mimicking pregnancy and parturition. The cause of pseudopregnancy is probably an increased sensitivity of some bitches to normal internal hormonal changes during the luteal phase of the reproductive cycle. Above all it is an abnormal reaction of the organism to increased progesterone or prolactin levels. Pathophysiology of emergence of external signs of a pseudopregnancy has not yet been fully clarified. Onset of clinical signs of a pseudopregnancy (especially on mammary glands) is linked to a reduction in progesterone levels and increased prolactin concentration in peripheral blood.
Non-pregnant bitches exhibit variously intense signs of pregnancy and parturition in 2 - 8-week intervals after typical oestrus. The intensity of signs can vary from slight swelling of mammary glands with mild milk secretion to general signs of pregnancy, such as increased appetite, changes in appetite, abdominal volume enlargement, preparation of nests for the young. General signs may culminate in an imitation of parturition. Therapy is not required in cases when the bitch shows less severe signs because a pseudopregnancy is not a real disorder of the reproductive cycle and it by itself does not reduce fertility of the bitch. An appropriate course of treatment for bitches showing a strong secretion of milk from mammary glands should be consulted with a veterinarian and the occurrence of mastitis, inflammation of the uterus and other diseases should be prevented.
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Instant termination of employment
Mačka, Martin ; Koldinská, Kristina (advisor) ; Hůrka, Petr (referee)
The instant termination of employment The purpose of my thesis is to analyze legal regulations of instant termination of employment, as the one of the legal form of the termination of employment. This exceptional instrument for the termination of employment can be applied only from serious reasons, stated by Czech labour code. The thesis is composed of ten chapters, each of them dealing with different aspects. The First Chapter attends to the basic questions relating to employment between employer and employee and above all introduces the options for the termination of employment. The Second Chapter presents just the instant termination of employment and consists of two subheads. First of them focuses on legal form of immediate termination of employment in general, second one analyzes legal form of this institute, which anticipates current legal status. Chapter Three concentrates on instant termination of employment by employer, which can be used only from two reasons - employee's final conviction to imprisonment in definite length for commission of a crime and employee's infringement of duties in a gross manner. This chapter is subdivided into parts. The above mentioned reasons are described in the first two parts. Third subhead examines the cases, where the instant termination of employment is excluded...
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The comparison of EMG activity of selected muscles during walking and skiing - group LW2
Machač, Jan ; Fořterová, Petra (advisor) ; Kračmar, Bronislav (referee)
Title: The comparison of EMG activity of selected muscles during walking and skiing - group LW2 Aim: The aim of this study is the analysis of the activity of selected muscles of an individual with one-sided, above-knee amputation during walk with an artificial limb, after the mobilisation of the sole, and the comparison with their activity during downhill skiing. Method: This is a case study of a descriptive charakter performed through surface EMG in conjunction with simultaneous video recording. The observation of the kinesiological content of the muscle movement was done through comparative analysis, with the aid of a qualitative analysis of the video recording and a qualitative comparison of the intensity of the electric potential of the selected mescles. Results: Different character of the working of the lower limb during walking with artificial limb and during the performance of a curve on inner and outer egde with one or both stabilisers was shown. With caution, we can characterise skiing as a kinetic aktivity, predominantly of a postural charakter. Free "bipedal" walk, on the other hand, is a locomotion with a predominant character of phasal muscle activity. Key words: amputation, bipedal locomotion, downhill skiing, electromyography.
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Zjišťování skupin podobných proměnných v systémech SAS a SPSS
Marková, Monika ; Řezanková, Hana (advisor) ; Húsek, Dušan (referee)
My diploma thesis focuses on the comparison of possibilities of the statistical software SAS and SPSS in the area of the factor and cluster analysis and the multidimensional scaling. They deal with the methods for identifying groups of the similar statistical values (variables). The ascertained relations among the variables can serve to decrease the proportion vectors of the variables, which describe the individual monitored objects (statistical units), which helps us to apply other various methods, for example the regression or discriminant analysis. By one of the ways for finding the similarity of variables in the cluster analysis or the multidimensional scaling is searching for their relations. Whereas the base of the factor analysis is the formulation of the relation between two variables by means of the covariances, eventually Pearson correlation coefficient, it is possible to use also coefficients of correlation for the cluster analysis and the multidimensional scaling, in some case other measures. The thesis describes mainly the command syntax of the procedures implemented in SAS and SPSS. The meaning of the individual parametres and the partial specifications of each command are explained. The results gained by various types of analyses are compared on the basis of the real dataset. The possibilities of the statistical software SAS and SPSS are evaluated in the conclusion and it is referred to their advantages or disadvantages. The attention is also paid, for example, to the form of the input dataset, to the quaility of outputs or to the partial methods.
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