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Comparison of Selected Financial Products Contributing to Old Age Ensurance
Sýkorová, Renáta ; Oppl, Michal (referee) ; Rejnuš, Oldřich (advisor)
This bachelor thesis deals with one of the biggest social problems of present days, with the retirement system. Regarding the fact that the retirement system in the Czech Republic is unsatisfactory, it is necessary to prepare for the retirement individually without relying on the support of the state. I aim my bachelor thesis at selected products of the financial market that can help ensure contented old age. The analysis takes into consideration the age, the amount of savings and, last but not least, the tax rates to which people belong. The theoretical part deals with the most important definitions and describes the functioning of particular products. The practical part analyses examples of clients saving their money at different times, in different combinations of investment sum, and various examples of tax groups. This part deals with comparison of different products and tries to find the ideal combination for saving for the old age.
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Eating Habits of Ten Years Old Children and BMI
Kielkowská, Helena ; Vaníčková, Eva (advisor)
In the Czech Republic and in other developed countries to meet with the increase of obesity in childhood . In 1992 in America shows 17-22 % children with higher amounts of fat than the corresponding 97 percentile of the standard ( 2 ) . Obesity is the serious the sooner an individual appears . It is known that 80% of obese children remain obese in adulthood. Childhood and adult obesity carries serious health risks that require a lot of financial expenses for therapy and despite the fact that obesity can simple and inexpensive preventive methods to avoid . For prevention of obesity is necessary to know the distribution of vulnerable people in the population and their lifestyles , which predisposes to obesity . Based on knowledge of the difference in eating habits and physical habits obese and normal population , it is possible to draw a conclusion mapping the most fundamental errors in the living habits of obese patients. Appropriate collaboration and education obese and their families can contribute to the reduction weight and thus reduce the health risks. Already a weight reduction of 5 % has demonstrable effect on improving the health status of the patient. Appropriate education of the whole population , especially children of First Instance , which are often already overweight should be increasing the...
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Seniors in the Czech Republic in view of demography in the regional context
Vaňo, Lukáš ; Hulíková Tesárková, Klára (referee) ; Šídlo, Luděk (advisor)
This thesis aims mainly to seniors (people older than 65 years), but also to elderly seniors (people older than 80 years old) in particular regions of the Czech Republic in the 21st century. The beginning of the thesis dissertates about demographic aging, whose cause is amounts and placement of seniors in population and its consequences show in singles regions different. The main target of this thesis is providing analysis about placement of seniors in the Czech Republic, setting relative young and old regions and giving reasons for causes of current and future situation. In the end, there is talked about social services focused on seniors and comparison of its availability.
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Effects of changes in the calculation of pensions to the number of early retirements in the district Jindřichův Hradec
UHLÍKOVÁ, Jana
The aim of this thesis was to find out which impacts of the parametric changes, linked to the change of law no. 155/1995 Sb. about pension insurance, as amended, affected the number of applications for early retirement in the Jindřichův Hradec district. The need to solve this problem arose from the questioning of Section 15 of act no. 155/1995 Sb., as amended, regarding social insurance, which governs the assignment of the calculation basis used to work out the percentual pension allowance. The Constitutional Court concluded that the defined rules generate significant differences between the amount paid into the insurance system and the amount of the old-age benefit received. On this basis the MPSV (Ministry of Labour and Social Affairs) compiled the rule changes for calculation of old-age benefit and together with the other parametric changes prepared, this was proposed as the so-called ?minor pension reform?. The proposal passed through the legislative process and with effect from 30th September 2011 the rules for the calculation of the old-age benefit changed according to the new Act (no. 220/2011 Sb.) that amends Act no. 155/1995 Sb. on social insurance, as amended by subsequent rules, and several other Acts. The new regulations favour citizens with higher incomes. For persons with a lower income the change resulted in lower pensions received, as a result of which some have chosen to apply for early retirement. The aim of this thesis was to survey applications for all types of retirement in the years 2010 and 2011 with emphasis on the number of applications for early retirement in the district of J. Hradec and to analyse the length of prematurity at the time the application for early retirement was submitted. The comparison periods were the months from March to September of the respective years. Based on the given aims, quantitative research was chosen as the method of standardised research and two hypotheses were tested: 1. As a consequence of the changes in the regulations for the benefit calculation the number of early retirement applications has risen. 2. The highest interest in allowance of early retirement was shown by citizens with a maximum of 1 year left before reaching the age limit at which they were entitled to old-age pension benefits. The research was carried out by content and secondary analysis of data contained in the official statistics of ČSSZ (Czech Social Security Administration) and OSSZ (District Social Security Administration) and other available materials for the years 2010 and 2011. After analysis and evaluation of the required information the first defined hypothesis was confirmed; citizens were choosing early retirement regardless of the fact that the percentual assessment of the calculation basis would be reduced for every 90 days before retirement age, but were able to retain their original pension calculation basis. They were making this decision despite the fact that by reduction of the received old-age benefit their pension was lowered by approximately 12%. In this case, providing they satisfied the legal condition of insurance duration, they used the opportunity to retire before reaching the age limit for old-age pension, which meant 3 years early. In the final phase it was confirmed that in the tracked period applications from citizens with up to 1 year left to reach the retirement age did not predominate. The number of applicants retiring 3 years earlier was approximately the same as those with one year left. There were slightly fewer citizens with two years left to satisfy the legal condition of the insurance duration. In the conclusion of the results section, data are also mentioned which evidence the number of state pensions being paid and the expenses used for these benefits from the national budget. This is quite a considerable amount and it continues to rise with the number of pensions being paid.
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EU social policy including the comparison of the social systems in Germany and Sweden
Tůmová, Veronika ; Jeníček, Vladimír (advisor) ; Abrhám, Josef (referee)
The thesis describes the historical evolution of the EU social policy, clarifies the concept of the European social model and deals with characteristics of the basic models of the European social policy. The essential part of the thesis is devoted to the comparison of the social systems in Germany and Sweden from the point of view of the amount of taxes and social contributions, the structure of receipts and expenditure on social policy, the systems of old age pension schemes, the family policy and the unemployment benefit. The comparison shows some typical elements of the social state model that these two countries represent. The attention is also devoted to the contemporary challenges which the European social model has to face, especially the demographic development and aspects of globalization. The attitude and responses of the European Union to these challenges are also mentioned here.
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Tax and social security systems in selected EU countries
Vágnerová, Pavlína ; Tepperová, Jana (advisor) ; Čejková, Eliška (referee)
The aim of this master thesis is the comparison of selected elements of the tax and social security systems in the Czech Republic, Slovakia, Austria and Germany, which are related to employees and employers and it is counted with them in model examples, then evaluation of advantages and disadvantages of employees´ migration under the structure of posting between the Czech Republic and other countries and finally the comparison of employees´ incomes after receiving benefits from social security system of each country (especially old age pension and parental allowance). In the first part of the thesis there is explained problematics of double tax treaties and EU coordination of social security. Then there is the comparison of above mentioned elements of the tax and social security systems in each country. In the last part I apply findings on model employees and I make a conclusion from amount of their net incomes. Migration to another EU member country is the most profitable for employee who is subjected to taxation in other EU countries but he remains under the Czech social security system. In terms of social benefits, retired people are supported the most in Austria and families with children in Germany.
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Media habits of children aged 5-6 years
Luštinec, Ondřej ; Sekera, Martin (referee) ; Wolák, Radim (advisor)
The diploma thesis "The Media Habits of Children Aged 5-6 Years" examines the status of the media in the lives of preschool children and focuses solely on five and six-year-old children. It summarizes some existing research concerning the relationship between children and the media and also discusses the findings of its investigation. The author conducted the research in three nursery schools trying to find the answer to two fundamental questions: What place does the media have in the lives of children aged 5-6 years? Are traditional media (television, radio, magazines, as well as books), or new media (computer, internet, cell phone, etc.) more popular for these children? The author's research draws from three sources: Firstly, structured interviews with children in nurseries and experiments carried out in the nursery schools. Secondly, a questionnaire survey of parents of these children. Finally, a questionnaire for nursery school teachers who are responsible for these children. The work provides quantitative conclusions where the author presents for example the popularity ranking of different types of media among children and describes the amount of time that children spend watching television, looking at the computer or listening to recorded music. It also makes qualitative conclusions where the author...
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Credit cards on the internet
Nejtek, Petr ; Matuštík, Ondřej (advisor) ; Brixí, Radim (referee)
Fast development of modern technologies brings new opportunities, which carry new risks. This work is aimed at options of using credit cards and electronic wallets, younger competitors of credit cards, on the internet. Huge amount of funds flows through those systems every year. Competitive environment forces companies provide more comfortable and more sophisticated systems. Together with new technologies come new risks. Situation is more complex with unsolved old troubles replaced by new ones. Work is oriented on modern payment methods in the environment of electronic shopping. The goal is to describe, comment and compare chosen methods, which are possible to use with modern electronic payments. Work takes into consideration both systems in the Czech Republic and systems abroad. In the end, there is an estimation of development of systems in the Czech Republic based on analysis of abroad systems and customer research.
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Choirs in the Life of Church Community
Veverková, Zuzana ; Beneš, Ladislav (advisor) ; Filipi, Pavel (referee)
This bachelor work is focused on development of choral music in Christian communities. It provides the reader with a perspective on its' evolution in different time periods from The Old Testament period through intertestamental period, New Testament, Early Church and historical development from the sixth century through reformation to the twentieth century, where it either focuses on individual contributors to music development (that is musical composers, kings etc.) or conservation of specific artifacts (files, records and writings). This development is then taken into account when evaluating position of music in these time periods and it mentions the occurrence of changes. Next, the paper is interested in the roles of Church and choirs and in fulfillment of these roles. Finally it presents common problems when building a church music program and tries to provide the reader with some solutions to rid of those problems and use an entire potential of music programs that they offer. It also focuses on the presence of choral music and faith in the mentioned time periods and gives supporting evidence on the produced hypotheses with the help of used literature. Faith and its' connection to choral music is a protagonist of this work and is given a fair amount of attention in regard to either development...
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Význam sialovaných glykoproteinů pro klíště \kur{Ixodes ricinus}
ONDRUŠ, Jaroslav
Sialic acid is a highly abundant and a common component of vertebrate glycans, where it can be found in the terminal positions of the cell surface glycoconjugates. The amount of sialylated glycoconjugates as well as their complexity vary between both different species and different tissue types within one individual. Considering the vertebrates, these well studied structures are know to be important for cell-cell interactions, cell adhesion and immunity. In contrary, sialic acid in arthropod glycans has been identified only in a limited number of species. In obligatory blood feeding parasites such as ticks, distinguishing between sialylated glycoproteins of tick and host origin is challenging due to huge volumes of ingested blood containing heavily sialylated structures of host origin. In the tick Ixodes ricinus, the presence of minor amount of tick´s sialylated structures has been shown previously in the ovaries and salivary glands, however, their role remains completely unknown. In this thesis, we study the importance and role of both the tick-originating and the host sialylated glycoproteins for I. ricinus, the tick commonly found in Czech Republic. We show that the tick-originating sialylated glycoproteins are present in I. ricinus eggs, and that their amount changes over time after laying the eggs. Furthermore, these molecules were localized in cryosections of 14 days old eggs and in the larvae using confocal microscopy. In addition, we shed some further light on the role of sialic acid for ticks in the tick blood meal. According to our results, the glycan part of glycoproteins is the key in recognition of these molecules by tick cells.
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