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Reconstruction of the influence of grinding technology on upper limb muscle activity
Struška, Michal ; Sládek, Vladimír (advisor) ; Hora, Martin (referee)
Interpretation of changes of humeral asymmetry during the Holocene period was based on the analysis of upper limb muscle activity during cereal grinding using the saddle quern and rotary quern. The aim of the diploma thesis was to test if the dominant upper limb muscle activity during cereal grinding using the saddle quern and rotary quern might be estimated by measuring the activity of musculus deltoideus (pars clavicularis), musculus infraspinatus, musculus pectoralis major and musculus triceps brachii (caput longum). Using surface electromyography, we have analyzed activity of musculus biceps brachii, musculus deltoideus (pars clavicularis), musculus deltoideus (pars acromialis), musculus deltoideus (pars spinalis), musculus pectoralis major, musculus infraspinatus, musculus triceps brachii (caput laterale) and musculus triceps brachii (caput longum) during cereal grinding using the saddle quern and rotary quern in 25 subjects. Consistent with our prediction, musculus biceps brachii was the least active muscle during saddle quern grinding and clockwise rotary grinding, therefore it is possible to exclude musculus biceps brachii from the sample of analyzed muscles. Pars clavicularis, pars acromialis and pars spinalis of musculus deltoideus were more active during rotary quern grinding than...
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Methods of fixation of the upper limb fractures
Litera, Jan ; Marcián, Petr (referee) ; Florian, Zdeněk (advisor)
The presented bachelor thesis is focused on current methods of a fixation of upper limb fractures. Part of the thesis is a literature review and a description of the upper limb anatomy. This is necessary to solve the problems associated with upper limb fractures. The history of the treatment of upper limb fractures enables to gain an insight and a benefit of the current methods of the fixation of the upper limb. Based on the acquired knowledge, there is created a simple computational model of a humeral fracture fixation using a LCP and a classical plate. The computational model for the specific load models was solved in the Ansys Workbench 18.2 computing system. The biomechanical analysis based on the results presentation of the solution of the described simple model showed differences between the application of the LCP and the classical plate.
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Physiotherapy after anatomical shoulder replacement
MARKOVÁ, Monika
For my bachelor thesis I have chosen the topic "Physiotherapy after anatomical shoulder replacement". I have made this choice because of my own interest in this issue. During my study of physiotherapy I encountered literature describing the replacement of the knee and hip joints countless times and also in practice I met many patients after these operations. However, when I came into contact with a patient after shoulder replacement, I found out that I did not have much information about this type of surgery and the issue is not much described in available literature. Because of this reason I decided to focus on this issue and to gather necessary information. In the theoretical part I deal with anatomy and kinesiology of shoulder complex. The important chapter is total shoulder replacement, where I focused specifically on anatomical shoulder replacement. The most important one is the chapter "Rehabilitation", where I described the techniques and methods mostly used after anatomical shoulder replacement. In the practical part I did qualitative research which I divided into two parts. The research was carried out in eight weeks. The research sample consisted of four patients after anatomical shoulder replacement. The first part of the research was performed with two patients. The results were processed by using input and output of kinesiological analysis and clinical examination of the shoulder. This part was focused on chronic problems occurring in a connection with shoulder replacement so I chose the patients who were more than 5 months after the operation. The second part was focused on mapping of the condition before surgery and on the first days after surgery. This part was also performed with two patients at the department of orthopaedic surgery in Nemocnice České Budějovice a.s. The first kinesiological analysis was made the day before the operation, the therapy was done at the department every day from the operation day to the day of discharge. I gave a brochure to the patients with information and description of the physiotherapy after operation. I have found out from the research that regular exercise has increased the range of movement, muscle strength and stability in the shoulder joint. I observe the improvement especially during the examination of goniometry and muscle test. Positive results are also in appearance of ADL (activities of daily living). Conversely, some pathological stereotypes still persist or they are just slightly changed. This bachelor thesis can be used as a study material for orthopaedic staff and physiotherapy students. The brochure can be used for patients after anatomical shoulder replacement.
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Motion monitoring of paretic upper extremity using an accelerometer in terms of physiotherapy - search work
Hybner, Jiří ; Sládková, Petra (advisor) ; Šenderová, Karolína (referee)
BACHEROL THESIS ABSTRACT Author's first name and surname: Jiří Hybner Bacherol thesis supervizor: MUDr. Bc. Petra Sládková, Ph.D. Oponent: Title of bacherol thesis: Motion monitoring of paretic upper extremity using an accelerometer in terms of physiotherapy - search work Abstract: The theme of the bachelor's work is Movement Monitoring of Paretic Upper Limb Using the Accelerometer in Terms of Physiotherapy. This work is a theoretical work. The theoretical part briefly deals with problems related to stroke, disorder of muscle tone, spasticity and its impact on the function of the upper limb. Further, the motion sensor - accelerometer is described, whereby monitoring of the paretic upper limb was carried out, and its use in clinical and non-clinical practice. The work also deals with other types of sensors that detect physical activity. The next part of the bachelor's work includes project methodology of motion sensor WMS4 development, which is in progress at the Clinic of Rehabilitation Medicine (KRL), 1st Medical Faculty of the Charles University in Prague in cooperation with the company Princip a. s. and General Health Insurance Company (VZP). The patients for this project were chosen on the basis of preliminary criteria. During the rehabilitation in the daily stay hospital of the Clinic of Rehabilitation...
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Occupational therapist's methodics of work for patients with myoelectric prosthesis
Hoidekrová, Kristýna ; Svěcená, Kateřina (advisor) ; Jeníček, Jakub (referee)
The aim of this study was to develop methodics of occupational therapy for patients with moelectric prosthesis, which is used by patients with amputation of upper limbs as well as patients with congenital problems. In the Czech republic there are no complex methodics about occupational therapy and myoelectric prosthesis, despite the huge mount of foreign studies of this topic. Myoelectric prosthesis uses the principle of sensing myoelectrical signals which are then transformed to the motor output in the terminal portion of the prosthesis. Occupational therapy intervention begins at the preprosthetic phase, the occupational therapist assesses the general potential for the use of myoelectric prosthesis and picks up myoelectric signals from the stump. In interprosthetic phase occupational therapist is dedicated to the training of activities of daily living with myoelectric prosthesis and training residual stump on the basis of myotest. The phase after prosthetic content of occupational therapy evaluation and assessment, which focus on patients ability of myoelectric control and prosthesis involvement in activities of daily living and training of grip. Within the training of grip, occupational therapist is dedicated to training proper grip within the pace, grip strength and targeted movements. The...
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Throwing ability in human evolution
Struška, Michal ; Sládek, Vladimír (advisor) ; Hora, Martin (referee)
The aim of this thesis is to describe the origin of bone markers that characterize individuals who throw habitually and the usability of these markers in research of past populations. The thesis also summarizes knowledge of the origin and development of projectile weapons in Pleistocene. The effectiveness (accuracy and speed) of throw is probably related to differences in morphology of pectoral girdle, torso and hand. Therefore, a part of the text summarizes the morphology of pectoral girdle, torso and hand in the species H. erectus, which was probably the first group of hominins able to throw with effectiveness close to the one of anatomically modern humans. The development of projectile technology, which came after the adoption of effective throwing ability, is usually inferred from archaeological findings of spears and arrows. Various interpretations of archaeologically found weapons bring different conclusions regarding the usage of these weapons. The usage may be inferred from bone characteristics originating as consequences of moves that individual executes when manipulating weapons.
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Creation and Application of the grip test in patients after stroke
Filipová, Kateřina ; Svěcená, Kateřina (advisor) ; Svobodová, Tereza (referee)
The main aim of this bachelor's work was to create a grip test wich could be afterwards applied on patients after a stroke. An easy and time undemanding test was created whose evaluating standart is the number of achieved points. This test is used to find out the patient's functional condition in a grip area. It tests five kinds of grips. There evaluated stages of reaching, gripping, holding and releasing in each grip. The bachelor's work is divided into two parts: practical and theoretical. The theoretical part describes not only the impact of a stroke but olso the impact on the upper limb, hand and its functions and grips. It also describes testing and assessment. The practical part describes the time necessary to do the project, its realisation and application of the grip test on patients after stroke. This part also shows the results of testing. Key words: Stroke Assessment of hand grip Upper limb Grip test Grip
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Possible uses of Occupational Therapy in patients with painful shoulder syndrome
Pukovcová, Klára ; Svobodová, Tereza (advisor) ; Čábelková, Alžběta (referee)
This following thesis is focused on painful shoulder syndrome and possible treatments through occupational therapy. It serves as a summary of possible occupational therapy interventions for patients with painful shoulder syndrome. The main aim was to create a treatment method that occupational therapist can provide as part of a multidisciplinary team. The theoretical part includes anatomy and insights into kinesiology, causes, symptoms, testing and treatment options for painful shoulder syndrome. The main part of the thesis introduces potential treatment procedures which can be performed through the intervention of occupational therapy and brings a new perspective in terms of rehabilitation of the disease, since it was previously primarily viewed from a physiotherapists perspective, which is essential for the treatment of painful shoulder syndrome. The practical part contains two case studies performed on adult patients who suffered with painful shoulder syndrome, both show the course of therapy in individual patients. Occupational therapy methods were practiced on patients and are dealt with in the theoretical part of the work. The methods compliment physiotherapist intervenion and facilitate the patient's return to normal daily life. KEY WORDS: painful shoulder syndrome, shoulder joint, upper...
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Upper limb assessment in multiple sclerosis
Heřmánková, Barbora ; Řasová, Kamila (advisor) ; Sedláčková, Barbora (referee)
My thesis is focused on the possibilities of examination of upper limb function in patients with multiple sclerosis. It also details the interpretation of outcome measures. The work was part of an international study called Psychometric properties of Outcome Measures of upper limb function in multiple sclerosis which was aimed at creating a systematic review of outcome measures that provide reliable data. Given the high prevalence of functional upper limb dysfunction in patients with multiple sclerosis, their examination quality is a prerequisite for successful rehabilitation. The theoretical part of my work is occupied with the detailed description of each test which were evaluated through study to be relevant. From this perspective it tis really important that outcome measures are reliable, valid and responsive. These properties, called psychometric properties, were mentioned in my thesis.
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