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Radiotherapy of breast cancer
TRAKALOVÁ, Barbora
Diagnosis code C50 represents malignant neoplasm of breast. It is the most frequent tumour disease in women. In 2009, 5975 cases were newly diagnosed in women in the Czech Republic and 1607 women died of this disease. There exist many risk factors which can cause tumour such as hereditary disposition, age, menses, menopause and other factors. At the same time, we can influence many factors and so prevent the disease. Prevention is also important, whether in the form of self - investigation of breast or mammography screening, which is recoverable by insurance from the age of 45. Treatment of breast carcinoma includes a lot of medical modalities such as surgical, hormonal and biological treatment, chemotherapy and radiotherapy. This thesis deals in more details with radiotherapy which is irreplaceable in treatment of this disease. Radiotherapy is a treatment of malignant and benign tumours by means of ionising radiation. In order to treat patients with radiotherapy, a team of doctors and radiologists shall create an individual radiation plan for them including the exact target volume, critical organs, radiation technology, fractionation and particular radiation exposure, radiation position and many other data necessary to accurate irradiation. A technology of two tangential fields is the most applied technology at breast cancer treatment. This technology is also applied in Nemocnice České Budějovice a.s. where I have created a file of 60 patients with breast carcinoma treated on oncology department in the year 2011. There have been used 536 verification images on the whole, it means 1608 evaluation. In course of treatment a patient should have an identical radiation position, which is reached with irradiation and fixation aids. However, from various reasons small or bigger deviations from the optimal position happen and therefore a possibility of irradiation of another volume than the required target one can occur. It is necessary to be aware of the fact that during a treatment of oncology patients there can often appear change of weight, change of body shape of a patient and at advanced stages even also change of physical state and movability of a patient. Therefore large deviations can happen in patients with breast carcinoma namely for example in case of breast deformation or abnormal loss of weight due to the treatment. In Nemocnice České Budějovice a.s., the maximum allowed deviation for vertical, lateral and longitudinal axis is stated 0,7 cm and for rotation 3°. I have noticed the acquired deviation values from verification images into a chart and consequently into a figure where are shown the average deviations and frequencies of these deviation in particular axes for each radiation field. The biggest deviation has happened in vertical axis and the average deviation in that axis was 0,29 cm. The maximum allowed deviation was exceeded only at 3 %, so at 45 deviation from the total evaluation. This thesis should prove the fact that verification images enable to prevent possible errors during radiotherapy. This hypothesis has been confirmed because only 3 % evaluation exceeded the maximum allowed deviations. Verification images enable us to disclose wrong irradiation position, therefore only the target volume is irradiated and follows no irradiation of the surrounding healthy tissue and critical organs.
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The policy of the United States in the Indian Subcontinent and their mediation potential in the Indo-Pakistani conflict
Kubini, Kamila ; Karásek, Tomáš (advisor) ; Ditrych, Ondřej (referee)
The main aim of the thesis "The policy of the United States in the Indian subcontinent and their mediation potential in the Indo-Pakistani conflict" is to assess the essence of the US-Indian and US-Pakistani foreign agendas a the influence of interaction among these countries on the state of Indo-Pakistani relations. The conflict between India and Pakistan is one of the most durable conflicts in the world and it has regularly proved resistant to resolution. The strengthening of the US ties with these countries has inspired certain optimism pertaining to their mediation potential in the conflict. This diploma thesis seeks to capture the content of US-Indian and US-Pakistani relations, comprehend their nature, and identify the position of the Indo-Pakistani conflict resolution in their agenda. It argues, that the Indo-Pakistani conflict resolution represents an important part of their agendas with Washington and that the US have acquired sufficient potential and are interested enough to at least partial influence this matter.
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Interactive flexible program - Sulfur chemistry and its impact to acquiring of curriculum
Dvořák, Michal
UNIVERZITA cká fakulta KARLOVA V PRAZE, Přírodověde Katedra učitelství a didaktiky chemie CHA ce RLES UNIVERSITY IN PRAGUE, Faculty of Scien Department of Teaching and Didactic of Chemistry Interaktivní flexibilní program - Chemie síry a jeho vliv na efektivitu osvojování učiva Interactive flexible program - Sulfur chemistry and its impact to acquiring of curriculum Mgr. Michal Dvořák Souhrn disertační práce Summary of PhD. Thesis 1 Praha/Praque 2009 2 KEYWORDS Interactive flexible program; electronic materials; digital textbook; education software; effectiveness; process of acquiring curriculum; key competencies; chemistry xperiments, personal computer; technology. e INTRODUCTION We live in an era of information technology where the revolutionary way of acquiring new information is available. The new information deepen and widen acknowledge in individual branches of science. Most of the new information contradicts the validity of the existing data. Huge increase and still rising difficulty of the new information require the fundamental changes in the organization of process of acquiring curriculum. But the existing education tools specified for self-studying pupils do not reflect these...
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The effects of natural antioxidants in the model of protein glycation
Švehlová, Klára ; Dršata, Jaroslav (advisor) ; Boušová, Iva (referee)
The effects of natural antioxidants in the model of protein glycation In my diploma thesis, I was concerned with direct and indirect effects of antioxidants of natural origin (hydroxycinnamic acids, HCAs) on the catalytic activity of aspartate aminotransferase as well as structure-activity relationship of individual HCAs. I used new model of methylglyoxal-induced glycation of aspartate aminotransferase, which has not been tested at the Department of Biochemical Science, Faculty of Pharmacy so far. I observed the structure-activity relationship of selected HCAs. Their antiglycation effect increased with the increasing number of hydroxyl groups. The methylglyoxal model of glycation proved to be suitable for farther research of other compounds. Further, I observed the interactions between HCAs and the molecule of enzyme itself using absorption and fluorescence spectroscopy. Those interactions were apparent at the acquired spectra. HCAs bind most probably only to the protein part of the enzyme and not to the coenzyme. The effect of all HCAs was concentration-dependent.
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Prevention of Immobilization Syndrome and Early Rehabilitation Phase at Intensive Care Unit
Drahotová, Petra ; Jurásková, Dana (advisor) ; Táborská, Silvie (referee)
The dissertation is devoted to the problems of rehabilitation attendance in intensive health units. The aim of the degree work is to provide the level of professional knowledge with staff nurses for the rehabilitation treatment, the level of cooperation of staff nurses and physiotherapists and the opinion of staff nurses and physiotherapists on the rehabilitation pursuit. I have divided the work into two parts. The first part is the theoretical one. It describes the rehabilitation treatment, immobility syndrome, physiotherapist and nurse cooperation. The other part is focused on acquired assessment and data processing. As the main method of the research work was chosen a questionnaire, one of them was allocated for nurses and the other for physiotherapists. The survey was carried out in two Prague hospitals. One of the aims were results comparison of these hospitals as well. In all, 104 respondents, from that 72 staff nurses and 32 physiotherapist were involved in the investigation. Concerning the results of the work, we can claim that staff nurses from intensive wards do not have enough theoretical knowledge in the rehabilitation treatment field. Further, it has been proved there is not any difference between knowledge of nurses from the accredited hospital and the hospital without accreditation. The other...
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The use of information resources in teaching
Kukrálová, Kristýna ; Kasíková, Hana (referee) ; Dvořáková, Markéta (advisor)
The degree thesis deals with the use of information resources in teaching. The purpose is to map out both theoretical and empirical aspects. The main focus is on knowledge, skills and habits to be acquired during education for work with information resources, or information as such. Moreover, it outlines teaching forms and methods applied when guiding to work with information. An analysis of integration of work with information in the current documents covering the education policies can be found at the end of the theoretical part. The goal of the empirical part was to find out what information resources are known and used by students and whether or not information resources are used during teaching activities.
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General and specific motoric efficiency of students attending sport athletic classes
Najmanová, Kateřina ; Vindušková, Jitka (advisor) ; Vystrčilová, Martina (referee)
Name of work: General and specific motoric efficiency of students attending sport athletic classes The aims of this work were to identify developments of general and specific motoric efficiencies of students attending sport athletic classes between 6th and 9th year, and also to determine differences between efficiencies of boys and girl, as well as the addition of efficiencies in each year. Results of certain tests, by which students of the sport classes had been tested, were used to identify the developments of the motoric efficiencies. The hypothesis, that the specific and general motoric efficiency of the students attending the sport classes rises evenly, were not proved in particular. A large increase in efficiency occurred between 6th and 7th year; however, the additions of efficiencies were individual according to the sex and also the type of the skills. For instance, a distinctive growth of efficiency at the strenght skills appeared in boys from 7th year which confirmed a further hypothesis that the efficinecy of boys increases faster than the efficiency of girl. A wide range of factors can influence this effect, including the beginning of pubescence as well as the related physical and psychological changes in an organism. Key words: athletics, general and specific motoric efficiency, sport...
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Use of general and specific kinetic tests for prediction techniques of close combat
Šorm, Daniel ; Barták, Erik (referee) ; Vágner, Michal (advisor)
Title of thesis! Use of general and specific kinetic tests for prediction techniques of close combat. Objective Of thesis: My thesis deals with finding content validity and curriculal validity behind sampled kinetic tests for choice of human for the course of close combat. MethodI Thesis is working up like empiric kvantitative research of observation type and notice diachronic dependences between criteria variable and choice continuous independent variables. For analyses of relations and dependences among variables were used methods descriptive and inference statistics. Criteria variables were obtained with sum of evaluations close combat techniques such as composote score. Techniques were evaluations on the scale proposed by Vagner (2008). For preliminary of date analysis was used method of multiple correllations. Algorithm of all possible regressions was used for the propose of set variables and regression triplet was used to evaluate regrression model. Dates were processed with programs such as SPSS 15.0 for Windows, NCSS (Hintze, 2004), and QC Expert 2.7. Results! Specific kinetic tests reached higher curriculal validity to the acquirement of close vombat techiques than general kinetic tests. Every test proved the content validity as satisfactory. With algorithm of all possible regressions we...
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Usage of Informatica tools in a datawarehouse and optimalization of ETL processes
Adámek, Karel ; Pour, Jan (advisor) ; Derfler, Václav (referee)
The graduation thesis is engaged in the problems of ETL development in terms of Business Intelligence solution. It analyses the wider portfolio of aplications supporting ETL development and offers the survey of its basic characteristics. There is a detail analysis of the pair of chosen instruments which utility is shown on the development of the real transformations. Then the advantages and possible risks of the transition on the higher edition of the product PowerCenter from Informatica company are being analysed too. The constituent of the thesis is engaged in optimalization procedure which is put into real operation of data warehouse and shows its benefit in term of computer time reduction The aim of the thesis is to show the detail look into the ETL instruments, formation of ETL transformations and not least the ways of optimalization of ETL transformations. The graduation thesis proposes to solve the problems in selection of convenient ETL instrument not only from the view of ETL developer in the shape of detailed comparison of the pair instrument usage but also from the view of management in the shape of general survey, basic characteristics and the comparison of wider porfolio of ETL instruments. In terms of detailed analysis the set Informatica PowerCenter should give us answers for the questions like: "What advantages does the upgrade of Informatica PowerCenter range 7 to range 8 bring?" or "What problems may that upgrade cause and how can we solve those problems? The part devoted to optimalization proposes to offer the outlook to the basic optimalization procedures inside the data warehouse and comparison of its contribution. In parallel with analytic part there is also proceeding the formation of practical part of the graduation thesis which consists in development of really used ETL transformations and in optimalization of selected ETL transformations of data warehouse. First the graduation thesis is concentrated on the analytic activity consisting in the products research which are on the top of ETL development. Then it is gathering the detailed knowledge of two instruments which is aplicated for the formation of ETL transformations The second analytic phase is concentrated on the optimalization procedures. The knowledge acquired in that phase is subsequently used in practice and the final analysis of those procedures and benefits is proceeding. The graduation thesis does not also miss out to partly outline the future development in the field of ETL.The main contribution consists in giving not only the comprehensive survey of ETL instruments but also in the detailed analysis of pros and cons of the pair of selected products. The thesis offered the answers to the questions asked in the outset connected with the transition to upper version of Power Center. The analysis of optimalization procedure enabled the optimalization of 29 ETL transformations and their high effectivity was proved too.
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Teaching English through Dramatic Texts
Rezková, Kateřina ; Hofmannová, Marie (advisor) ; Gibbs, Michael (referee)
Dramatic and literary texts have always struggled to find their plače in EFL/ESL classes being always considercd a distraction rather than a source of language practice. The principle goal of this thesis is to justify the use of dramatic texts in English language teaching, emphasizing their benefits as samples of authentic natural communication. From students" perspective, they can be found partieularly helpful as a source of language whieh students eneounter in real lile outside class. The benefits of using activities based on dramatic texts are demonstrated in the practical part, which, apart from sample acti vity paeks, ineludes the students' response to such acti vities. Dramatic texts proved to be a valuable supplementary material valued by students as well as teachers. Powered by TCPDF (www.tcpdf.org)
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