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Soil changes after land use changes
Stehlík, Martin ; Janderková, Jana (referee) ; Šefrna, Luděk (advisor)
Práce se zabývá změnami vybraných půdních znaků a vlastností na plochách bývalé orné půdy přeměněné v lesní plochy ve středočeském Plutonu v dolním povodí řeky Sázavy. Jsou zkoumány časová období 8, 15, 25 - 35, 50 - 55, 100, 160 a 235 let od ukončení zemědělské činnosti. V práci jsou dále hodnoceny dostupné zdroje pro sledování změn v krajině a analyzovány jejich přínosy. Výsledky vykazují pokles hodnot pH ve všech studovaných hloubkách půdního profilu a růst mocnosti humusového lesního horizontu. Podíl půdní organické hmoty (SOM) postupně narůstá v čase v hloubce 3 - 5cm oproti ostatním hloubkám. Znaky dřívější zemědělské činnosti jsou znatelné až 100 let po jejich ukončení. Klíčová slova: Land use, historická geografie, zalesňování na orné půdě, pH, půdní organická hmota (SOM), barva, středočeský Pluton, dolní povodí Sázavy Abstract The thesis concerns with changes of soil features and characteristics on the areas of former arable land transformed to the forest area. The research took place in the region of central-Bohemian pluton in lower basin of the Sázava river. Time periods of 8, 15, 25-35, 50- 55, 106, 160 and 235 years since the abandonment of farming (agricultural activity) are explored. Furthermore, available sources for monitoring of landscape changes and their contribution are also...
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Landscape memory in the memory of its inhabitants Horní Bezděkov district
Hrubanová, Barbora ; Zelinka, Vít (advisor) ; Václav, Václav (referee)
The title of this work is Landscape memory in the memory of its inhabitants Horní Bezděkov district. The area was chosen because the agriculture still works here in some extent, although not as many as before years ago. Accordingly, it can be assumed, there were certain changes in the landscape of this area over time. The work deals with the evolution and changes of the landscape. The first part of this work deals with the landscape, its structure, contrast, etc in general. In the second part of this work are stated specific changes of landscape in a selected area of interest. The main documents for monitoring are the orthophotomap from the 50s of the 20th century and orthophotomap from 2014, also available statistical data and qualitative surveys with respondents. These documents are compared with each other, thus providing a comprehensive picture of the evolution of landscape changes in Horní Bezděkov.
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The biomass production for enegetic use from permanent grasslands and influence of ferment fertilisation on permanent grasslands
HAŠKOVCOVÁ, Michaela
Permanent grassland in agricultural landscapes represents an important position in terms of biodiversity. Becoming a habitat of endangered plant species, they are rich in flowering plants and also provide wintering territories to many animals. The aim of this study is to assess the biomass production of grassland for energy recovery, describe ways to use herbaceous biomass and impact of digestate on species composition and productivity of grassland. The experiment was conducted on the land in the village Dmýštice, located in the county of Písek. The site of fertilization by digestate is located near the village of Novosedly, county Strakonice. On these lands there were monitored ecological conditions of grasslands, dates and intensity of their use, botanical composition, species diversity and biomass production. Furthermore, this thesis uses methods of preservation of harvested biomass and comparing fertilized and unfertilized plots. The obtained data were used to calculate the Simpson index species diversity, nutrient and water mode positions. The values were statistically processed.
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Degradační procesy u strojů pro zpracování půdy
Kubík, Petr
The diploma thesis is focused on degradation processes in machines tillage. The main intention of this thesis is monitoring and comparing abrasive wear of current technical materials. Wear is evaluated by using weight decrease at operational and laboratory test. In the theoretical part is processed basic division machinery for tillage, description of the particular degradation processes focused on abrasive wear of agricultural machinery. The practical part is focused on describing particular technical materials. It describes the production of test specimens and their heat treatment. Followed by operational and laboratory tests. The obtained results can recommend suitable material that can withstand the best abrasive wear and ensure functional as optimally sharp cutting edge.
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Interaction between Mobile Working Machines and Rolled Surfaces
Pokorný, Jan ; Hrabovský, Leopold (referee) ; Červinka, Jan (referee) ; Škopán, Miroslav (advisor)
This dissertation thesis is concerning with an interaction between mobile working machines and rolled surfaces. Machines and their constructions parts behavior were observed. There are some machines that can change state of surface. And due to these change of surface the machine is in different conditions for drive and also for works. The interaction of working machines and rolled surfaces was categorized in this work and for each category here is a methodic work flow for solution of various cases. Three examples are described in this work. Some simulating programs were used for all cases and therefore there is a methodic work flow for creating and simulating of models. Three described examples include a complex solution of hydraulic drive for vibration exciter of vibration roller, small cleaner of canalizations with aim on load case to frame of this cart. The third example describes solution of undercarriage frames of agricultural semi-trailers. This example is the most extensive chapter from this work due to including of marketing research at the beginning of development and also verification of simulated results with results from real prototype tests at the end of development of these undercarriage frames.
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Sledování norfloxacinu, ciprofloxacinu a enrofloxacinu pomocí HPLC-FD ve vzorcích odpadních vod a jejich vliv na životní prostředí
Spurná, Marie ; Solich, Petr (advisor) ; Chocholouš, Petr (referee)
8 Abstract Fluoroquinolones (FQs) are used for therapy and prophylaxis of human and animal diseases and they are also used as growth promoters of animals. The usage of antibiotic is in connection with development of antibiotic resistance among bacterial populations. Since swine production industry is considered to be a relevant source of antibiotic resistant bacteria, measures to control the use of antimicrobial agents in animal husbandry have been adopted in recent years (1). The presence of FQs in wastewater from swine farms can introduce antibiotics in surface waters through agricultural runoff. FQs are rather resistant to microbial degradation and these compounds may be persisting within environmental waters because of their sorption properties, favouring the accumulation in sewage sludge, manure and soil (2). To trace the sources and ways of contamination, and evaluate the environmental impact of an outdoor swine production system, the occurrence norfloxacin (NOR), ciprofloxacin (CIP) and enrofloxacin (ENRO) residues were evaluated in wastewater and surface water samples. A LC-FD method based on the application of monolithic column (Chromolith Performance RP-18e (100 x 4.6 mm) successfully developed in previous studies (3,4,5) was applied. FQs were isocratically eluted using a mobile phase consisting...
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Development of non-energy use of lignite
Macháčková, Mirka ; Sedláček, Petr (referee) ; Pekař, Miloslav (advisor)
This bachelor thesis deals with the study of non-energetic use of lignite. The use as a sorbent is one of many possibilities. Sorption of chloride and sodium ions was carried out on natural lignite from the South Moravian, lignite washed with deionized water and lignite enriched with calcium ions. The experiments were realized monitoring pH, electrical conductivity, amounts of sodium and chloride ions in the prepared samples. Chemical oxygen demand was determined in the extract of lignite. This measurement was carried out in accordance with norm ČSN 83 0540-8 Chemical and physical analysis of waste water: Determination of dichromate oxidability. For use in agriculture were investigating the possibility of preparation of humic hydrocolloids by high speed dispergator and planetary mill. The ideal ratio of lignite and water was determined. The liquid and solid humic hydrocolloids were prepared by mechanochemical activation the lignite. These were characterized - particle size, UV-VIS spectroscopy of prepared extracts and sedimentation.
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Bioindicators - their role in the evaluation of environment
Winklerová, Lucie ; Doležalová Weissmannová, Helena (referee) ; Zlámalová Gargošová, Helena (advisor)
This thesis deals with the use of plant and animal bioindicators in an evaluation of the state of the environment. Bioindicators are divided in this work according to ecosystem for which they are used into bio indicators of terrestrial and of water ecosystem. Furthermore, they are divided according to groups of analytes, which are indicated by means of them. In the work the attention is paid to selected elements of risk, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and polychlorinated biphenyls. The presence of these xenobiotics in the environment is particularly influenced by human activities. First of all individual industrial and automobile transports are permanent sources of contamination of the ecosystem with these xenobiotics. Considerable influence on the ecosystem pollution with organic and inorganic contaminants had also an injudicious application of certain fertilizers in agricultural production. The importance of bioindication and bioindicators is big. They help us not only assess the presence of xenobiotic in the environment, the development of its occurrence and sources of pollution, but they are also necessary in the evaluation of its biological effect, and responses and mechanisms of the organism which are induced by it. Biomonitoring is now an essential part of environmental protection by reason of monitoring the presence and the transport of contaminants.
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The biochemical parameters of wine and their changes during ageing
Vacková, Tereza ; Hudeček, Jiří (advisor) ; Hodek, Petr (referee)
3. Abstract Wines marketed under the same brandname and designation may differ in color and other characteristic, as they may come from different batches. These differences may reflect different concentrations of individual components in wine, reflecting, for example, different compositions of individual cupages. We used the reagent set "Malá vinařská laboratoř" (supplied by the BS Vinařské závody, Velké Bílovice, ČR) to determine principal parameters of two samples of a white wine with the same brandname, differing in color. For comparison, one sample of red wine was studied with the same methods. After opening the wine, we followed the changes of selected parameters during ageing, for 14 days (keeping the wine in a cold place), and also in a short-term experiment under elevated temperature. Our laboratory data were complemented by a more detailed analysis of phenolics and other antioxidants, performed in a specialised laboratory (Mendel Agricultural University, Brno, ČR).
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Transformation of fly ash from Pb metallurgy in soils
Valigurová, Radka ; Ettler, Vojtěch (advisor) ; Komárek, Michael (referee)
The fly ash from secondary lead metallurgy was placed in two different soils in order to investigate the kinetics of release (in a time horizon of 504 h) and mobility of metals/metalloids in soil water and soil. Uncontaminated soils used for the pot experiment were two: acidified forest soil N and agricultural soil H. An experimental bag containing 0.5 g of fly ash was placed in a pot with 200 g of soil, which was watered using deionised water at the 60 % water holding capacity (WHC) level. Using Rhizon pore water samplers the soil solution was regularly sampled and subsequently analysed. The soil solution analysis was supplemented by the geochemical speciation-solubility modelling using the PHREEQC-2 code and the mineralogical investigation of solid phase. For Cd, Zn and As the release in soil water had similar behaviour in time: during first 96 hours of the experiment their concentration increased up to maximum values and then slowly decreased till the end of experiment. This trend has not been observed for Cu, Pb and Sb, being tightly bound to secondary phases newly formed directly in the fly ash or to soil constituents, or indicating possible resistance to leaching. Weight loss after the experiment for the fly ash was in both soils approximately 60 %, indicating high level of its dissolution....
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