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The influence of German activist parties on Czechoslovak political scene in the years 1918 - 1938
Král, Matyáš ; Jeřábek, Martin (advisor) ; Kubátová, Hana (referee)
Author mapped the development of German activist policy in the first Czechoslovak Republic. This direction of German policy wanted to achieve the goal of national settlement of the Sudeten German population by cooperation with Czechoslovak policy. The work focuses on the influence of German activist parties to the Czechoslovak political scene in 1918-1938. The central theme of the work is the period of the first participation of the German parties in the Czechoslovak government in 1926-1929. The author examines critical moments of action of the German activism in Czechoslovakia and the reasons that led to its end.
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Development of the Czechoslovak military plans related to the construction of forts
Kulas, Jan ; Šmíd, Marek (advisor) ; Beneš, Zdeněk (referee)
Development of the Czechoslovak military plans related to the construction of permanent forts in the interwar period Abstract: On the Czechoslovak war plans had until 1925 the major proportion of members of foreign military missions (first Italian and French in particular), so to accrue in accordance with the broader French strategies for Central Europe. After 1925, when General J. Syrový became Chief of staff, Czechoslovak war plans had been the work of the Czechoslovak officers. In the 1920s, it was in accordance with the Czechoslovak foreign policy for the main Czechoslovak enemy considered to Hungary. The growth of the revisionist and revanšistických tendencies in Germany and the emergence of Nazism forced the Czechoslovak planners turn attention to Germany. The differences in military capabilities in Czechoslovakia and Germany, led to the decision to build permanent fortifications, still more defensive the nature of the defense in the Czechoslovak war plans and to the adoption of the concept of the retreat of the army to the East to Slovakia. Key words: fortifications, Czechoslovakia, military, First Czechoslovak Republic
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Jan Scheinost. Catholic and Fascist, Journalist and Politician
Klementová, Eliška ; Doubek, Vratislav (advisor) ; Pehr, Michal (referee) ; Šebek, Jaroslav (referee)
The aim of the doctoral thesis is an analysis of the ideas and political activities of Jan Scheinost (1896-1964), a journalist and skilful backstage policymaker who was also known as an ideologist of Czech fascism. The thesis presents and analyses primarily those texts and activities of this controversial personality which were somehow unique, typical or atypical for the Czechoslovak political and intellectual scene of the First and Second Republic, i.e. from the 1920s to the period of the Protectorate of Bohemia and Moravia. The influential Catholic journalist Scheinost is often connected not only with conservative traditional Catholicism but also with Fascism in academic literature. However, the thesis tries to prove that throughout his career, Jan Scheinost was always mainly looking for the most suitable movement or political party for putting into practice his aggressive Catholic ideas. At the same time the thesis also follows the historical, cultural and media context in which has Scheinost, as the editor in chief of the daily Lidové listy, acted. Scheinost, as a convinced nationalist and Catholic, joined the Czechoslovak People's Party at the beginning of the 1920s, but this party was not conservative enough for him, and he also felt that it made too many compromises. That is why he...
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Coalitions and the System of Government in the First Czechoslovak Republic in the period 1918-1938
Suchá, Anita ; Šušlíková, Lada (advisor) ; Švec, Kamil (referee)
This thesis analyzes the First Czechoslovak Republic (1918-1938) in terms of coalition behavior. It describes all aspects related to this phenomenon using the analytic and descriptive method. The work starts with the introduction to the coalition theory, including the typology of coalition governments and other theoretical aspects related to the coalition formation. Defining coalition factors in the First Republic are analyzed together with the description of the historical context, while stressing the national issues that largely affected creation of governments. The relation between the legislative and the executive power, the electoral system and the party system with the list of relevant parties are presented as other key factors related directly or indirectly to the coalition behavior. Political parties had decisive influence, that's why the group of their leaders called "The Five" was able to fade the importance of the parliament and the government during a certain period. On the other hand, there was also a great popularity and authority of T. G. Masaryk, the first Czechoslovak president. The main part of this thesis deals with the actual coalition behavior in years 1918-1938 and analyzes coalition formulas. The work describes the governments during the First Republic, their specifics, stability, and...
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Slovak Political Parties in the First Czechoslovak Republic : Analysis of the Program Goals
Dolejší, Tereza ; Gelnarová, Jitka (advisor) ; Just, Petr (referee)
The bachelor thesis deals with political parties, which operated in the Slovak during the first Czechoslovak Republic. The aim is to analyze the political programs of the parties, namely the programs of Republikánská strana zemědělského a malorolnického lidu, Československá sociálně-demokratická strana dělnická, Komunistická strana Československá, Hlinkova slovenská ľudová strana and Slovenská národná strana. I'm going to analyze how particular requirements, which relate to Slovakia, modified over time, disappeared and appeared in connection with the historical context. I am going to apply the discourse analysis as a research method. I am going to use formal political programs, historical documents as secondary sources and other publications dedicated to this historical period. The main research question will primarily concerned with issues of institutional organizations, competences, government structures, Czechoslovakism or autonomous requirements. I will search for all terms related to these topics in political programs. I will be interested in issues relating to the Slovak question. I will focus on the differences between Slovak and countrywide's political parties. The data will be evaluated and compared to each other in the conclusion.
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The First Czechoslovak Republic from the Point of View of the Theory of Consociational Democracy
Palkosková, Lucie ; Gelnarová, Jitka (advisor) ; Novák, Miroslav (referee)
Bachelor thesis "The First Czechoslovak Republic from the Point of View of the Theory of Consociational democracy" applies the theory of consociational democracy to the first Czechoslovak Republic. This work describes a form of consociational democracy, as was defined by Arend Lijphart in 60 years. There are presented the operating conditions of the theory and its main features. Then, these characteristics - grand coalition, proportionality, segmental autonomy and mutual veto - are applied to the case of the first Czechoslovak Republic. The work tries to answer whether during the brief existence of the Czechoslovak Republic were filled with four basic conditions of the theory of consociational democracy. Based on an analysis of the political system in Czechoslovakia and analysis of national, economic and social problems, it was found that the first Czechoslovak Republic partially fulfills two conditions of consociational democracy (grand coalition and proportionality), but the remaining two conditions (segmental autonomy and mutual veto) do not at all.
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First Czechoslovak Republic in a context of consociational theory
Zavřel, Filip ; Říchová, Blanka (advisor) ; Gelnarová, Jitka (referee)
This bachelor thesis called "First Czechoslovak Republic in the context of theory of consociational democracy" deals with the analysis of the political system of the first Czechoslovak Republic in order to determine wheter and/or to what extent this system contains components which are characteristic of the theory of consociational democracy, as described by the Dutch political scientist Arend Lijphart in sixties of 20th century. It focuses on the analysis of the system in the fields of fragmentation, electoral and party system, the results of elections to the National Assembly, negotiations of political elites and the formation and functioning of coalition governments. It's based on the thesis that the political system of the first Czechoslovak Republic included components later associated with the theory of consociational democracy, especially in the form of a grand coalition goverment (with the participation of representatives of the German minority since 1926) and relatively long-term systemic stability, achieved despite extensive fragmentation of society, which was cleaved especially nationally. The period covered is the whole era of the first republic, thus since the year 1918 untill 1938.
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The Personality of the Bishop of Ceske Budejovice Simon Barta (1920-1940)
ŠMÍD, Marek
The thesis deals with the life, work and activities of the bishop of České Budějovice Šimon Bárta (1864-1940) in the period of 1920-1940, when he headed the diocese of České Budějovice. The study is based on sources from the state archive in Třeboň (fund of bishop archive), contemporary periodicals, official Church documents and numerous literature. Bárta's life is set in a historical and religious context of the First and Second Czechoslovak Republics and Protectorate of Bohemia and Moravia, while in thematic blocks attempts to reconstruct the episcopal activity of the eighth bishop of České Budějovice. The significant part is dedicated to Bárta's administration of the diocese, organizing the Eucharistic Congress in 1927, changes in the local seminary, national tensions and the bishop's position in the hierarchy of the Czechoslovak bishops. The thesis thus represents an interesting contribution to the history of the Church in the first half of 20th century.
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Economic crisis in 1929-1934 and its impact on the Jablonec glass industry with special reference to Železný Brod region
Bursová, Veronika ; Jakubec, Ivan (advisor) ; Bareš, Jiří (referee)
A B S T R A C T This thesis analyzes the impact of the economic crisis in 1929-1934 on the Jablonec glass making with main attention to the district Železný Brod. One of the main causes of decline of the Czechoslovak glass industry in the first half of the 30s of 20th century was formed by pro-export focus. The region of Železný Brod and Jablonec nad Nisou had represented sites with major export, production and refining of glass that were for this reason by the economic crisis strongly affected. Deteriorating economic conditions at the beginning of 30s have resulted in intensified state intervention in industry, including the glass manufacturing as one of the most affected industrial areas. Because mostly cartels had regulatory function in the industry, a number of agreements among the glass producers in Jablonec nad Nisou and Železný Brod area were concluded. This thesis considers with different types of production and refining of the glass in order to offer the complete overview over the glass production in districts Jalonec nad Nisou and Železný Brod. The second part puts also emphasis on the social status of domestic craftsmen considering their relations with employers, which determined in times of economic crisis the legislation enacted after establishment of the Czechoslovak Republic, in the 20s and...
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Conciliation extra-parliamentary bodies of the first Czechoslovak Republic
Marečková, Adéla ; Šušlíková, Lada (advisor) ; Adler, Tomáš (referee)
My bachelor's thesis "Conciliation extra-parliamentary bodies of the first Czechoslovak Republic" focuses on informal groups that emerged during the first Czechoslovak Republic from 1918 to 1938. These extra-parliamentary bodies had mainly stabilization character and helped to achieve consensus across political parties. The first was "the Five", group of leaders of five major political parties. "The Five" existed from 1921 to 1925 when the first government of Antonín Švehla collapsed. The second one was the Castle Group that formed around president T. G. Masaryk and Edvard Beneš. The Castle Group supporters were certain politicians, intellectuals and journalists. The Castle Group was closer to socialist parties, while "the Five" to civil parties. The Tradesmen's bank group, which operated in the economic sector, was quite similar to the named power centres. Its main representative was a banker Jaroslav Preiss. Despite their not very democratic character "the Five" and the Castle Group helped to sustain democracy in the first Czechoslovak Republic.
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