|
Phusis in Plato
Hobza, Pavel
In Plato, the term phusis has a wide range of meanings, so at first sight it doesn't seem that Plato combined with this term a specific philosophical conception. However, the investigation of the Symposium suggests that in the opposition to the Hippocratic conception, in which phusis was conceived of as the nature of human body, Plato conceived of phusis as the human desire or aiming at.
|
|
Thracian conception of death and funeral observance
Fiedler, Dušan ; Musil, Jiří (referee) ; Bouzek, Jan (advisor)
Thracian conception of death and funeral observance remains unclear though we know many characteristics about their ways of thinking and views they had. These concepts formed their attitude to religion, cult and no less to life. One of the most spectacular expression of such beliefs are tumuli and cult buildings. lt is believed to be a sepulchre for departed - after death a tribal leader became a benefactory hero. He was believed to protect his tribe and in some cases Thracians used to attend well known sanctuaries of such heroes to engage prophecies. Of course, not all deceased became tacitly heroized ancestors but we suppose that they were buried according to such traditions (these tombs served more likely as family cult buildings, i.e. cult building at Propada). A small number of barrows was rebuilt in a cult complex as heraion, oracle etc .. They served as sanctuaries where mythical heroes (demigods) were worshiped. These sanctuaries (Sborjanovo, Miškova Niva etc.) were systematicaly planned according to Thracian principles and cosmology. Orphism and Pythagoreism partook heavily in these conceptions manifested in ground plans of tumuli and cult buildings, decoration and overal! design.
|
|
Materialistic value orientation and quality of life
Rendlová, Markéta ; Soukup, Václav (referee) ; Hnilica, Karel (advisor)
Práce je věnována srovnání hlavních pojetí materialismu ve společenských vědách tak, jak byly formulovány v pracích Ronalda F. Ingleharta, Russela Be1ka a Marshy L. Richinsové. Ronald F. Inglehart vnesl do západní společenské vědy koncepci hodnotové změny od materialismu k postmaterialismu. K materialismu přistupuje jako k hodnotové orientaci, která se utvářela či utváří během vývoje společnosti, liší se mezi generacemi a na níž má vliv ekonomický růst. Podle tohoto autora dochází u poválečné generace ke změně hodnot, a to směrem od materialistických, jejichž cílem je především zajištění ekonomického dostatku, k tzv. postmaterialistickým hodnotám, které reflektují podmínky ekonomického bezpečí. Výsledky řady provedených mezinárodních srovnávacích výzkumů však nepostihují individuální rozdíly v hodnotové orientaci členů zkoumaných společností. Na rozdíl od R. Ingleharta se Russel Belk snaží tyto individuální rozdíly v úrovni materialistické orientaci jedince postihnout. Podle něj se spolu s vývojem společnosti mění také člověk a některé jeho typické sklony reprezentují jeho vztah k materiálním objektům. Materialismus tak připisuje do značné míry vnitřním individuálním rozdílům v osobnosti a chápe jej jako osobnostní rys. M. L. Richinsová na základě Belkovy práce dochází oproti tomu k přesvědčení, že i...
|
|
Right to the favourable environment in Czech law and the law of British Columbia
Čechtická, Alena ; Sobotka, Michal (referee) ; Damohorský, Milan (advisor)
- 76 - SUMMARY RIGHT TO A HEALTHY ENVIRONMENT IN CZECH LAW AND IN THE LAW OF BRITISH COLUMBIA Master's degree dissertation compares right to a healthy environment in the Czech Republic and in British Columbia, a Canadian province, and makes this comparison upon a variety of standpoints. The work also broaches the environmental regulation in both these mentioned countries in general, as the regulation gives us the context in which the right in question is applied and enforced. The first part of the work is an introductory part that leads us into the area. The first part of work compares definition of fundamental terms related to the focus of this work between legal systems of the Czech Republic and British Columbia. The comparison shows the term "environment" is defined in both these countries quite similarly, but the term "healthy environment" is in none of these countries defined positively, but rather negatively, by enacting values and conditions under which environment can be declared unhealthy. The following part describes the development of legal regulation of environment and in that scope also the right to a healthy environment. The chapter shows that British Columbia, in its hundred years of modern history of legal protection of environment, developed into a phase where environmental law is basically...
|
|
COMPARISON OF APPROACHES TOWARDS PHILANTHROPY IN CZECH REPUBLIC AND IN HONG KONG
Rothbauer, Pavel ; Zamazalová, Marcela (advisor) ; Štědroň, Bohumír (referee)
This work concentrates on a specific area of cooperation between the profit and non-profit sectors -- the corporate philanthropy. That is a mechanism of corporate contribution to community causes. It is usually carried out in the form of financial, product or service donation. In this manner, the corporations in the role of a social investors participate on the satisfaction of needs, concerns and interests of community. The goal of this work is first to introduce the issue of corporate philanthropy on the theoretical level and next to describe the local philanthropic practices in two very different cultures -- in the Czech Republic and in Hong Kong. The data from researches carried out in these two countries were used for the analyses of the state of local philanthropy. The results of such analyses were then compared and the local characteristics as well as weak and strong points in the respective regions were identified. In what respects is the philanthropy in both countries similar and where does is it differ? Hong Kong is a country of long capitalistic tradition and is also a regional center for many multinational companies, which traditionally engage in these activities. Is this country with its culture of corporate philanthropy ahead of us and is there something we can learn from Hong Kong? Based on this comparison we can search for inspiration, possible risks and solutions. This work was elaborated using specialized bibliography focusing on the matter of corporate philanthropy. An invaluable source of information proved to be internet, mainly because philanthropy is a relatively new phenomenon in Czech Republic and there is not a large number of monographies concerning this topic. Lastly materials and works from various foundations, mainly the Czech Donors Forum, were utilized.
|
|
The Professional Ideal of Nurses and its Transformation
Juklíčková, Ilona ; Havrdová, Zuzana (advisor) ; Drábková, Hana (referee)
This thesis deals with the changes in the concept of the ideal characteristics of a nurse in the context of historical development, social changes and other factors. These include mainly an educational reform, new biomedical findings and the influence of the media along with generational differences in nurses. This thesis aims at comparing the ideal characteristics of a nurse as portrayed in professional literature with ideas which nurses have themselves about their own desired professional characteristics. Specifically, it concentrates on what values these ideal characteristics represent in their eyes, whether their ideas change with age and how this relates to the perception of the prestige of the nursing profession by nurses themselves. The theoretical part is divided into chapters describing the ideal professional characteristics of a nurse based on the findings acquired from professional literature, whose topics also correlate with chapters in the research part and represent the development of the "model" nurse concept from the beginnings of Christianity to the present day. It assesses the differences in the concept of this ideal in Western Europe and the Czech lands in the course of the 20th century, in the context of social transformations and changes in nursing education. Furthermore, based...
|
|
"Very much a woman of reason and propriety": Ann Radcliffe's female gothic romances and their eighteenth-century contexts
Klosová, Kateřina ; Nováková, Soňa (advisor) ; Kolinská, Klára (referee)
In 1977 Ellen Moers in her Literary Women coined "Female Gothic" as a new term in literary criticism. In this she seemed to be laying the foundation for a new conception and specific way of thinking about women writers as related to the Gothic genre. Moers in her critical book on women's writing claims that the Female Gothic is "easily defined: the work that women writers have done in the literary mode that, since the eighteenth century, we have called the Gothic"1. Nevertheless, along with other terms, Female Gothic was quickly adopted by the feminist critics and especially during the eighties of the twentieth century its interpretation underwent distinct changes. As Avril Horner and Sue Zlosnik observe, since the late seventies "it has been increasingly acknowledged that women writers have made use of the non-realist Gothic mode in order to explore the problematic nature of female subjectivity in Western patriarchal culture"2. Thus, what was originally conceived of as a specific coinage for the Gothic novels distinct by their female authorship, became a term encompassing the specificities of both woman style of writing and of the woman character as a means for the exploration of female experience. The application of the term became more focused and consequently rather limited in the late 1980s. This was...
|
|
Molecular variability and distribution of the Frustulia rhomboides species complex (Bacillariophyceae)
Urbánková, Pavla ; Kulichová, Jana (advisor) ; Bešta, Tomáš (referee)
Recent use of molecular methods to revisit taxonomically problematic diatom species revealed severe limitations of morphological species concept. Characterization of diatom species which was based solely on the morphology of their frustules often generated too broad species boundaries which inevitably lead to wrong conclusions about their ecology and distribution. Widespread opinion that many diatom species are cosmopolitan generalists resulted in a theory that dispersal of diatoms is not limited by geographical distance. However, a number of recent studies showed that dispersal of diatoms is governed by the same rules which matter for macroorganisms. Proposed master thesis addresses the topic of diversity and dispersal in diatom species complex Frustulia rhomboides sensu lato in Europe and New Zealand. Results suggest that: (1) although revealed molecular variability in this complex shows clear ecological and biogeographical signal, it is not correlated in morphology. This is another support to general need for adoption of different species concept in diatoms. (2) A considerably uneven ratio in species diversity of genus Frustulia found in ecological similar habitats in Europe and New Zealand supports the idea that diatom dispersal is limited and stressed the need for studies dealing with biogeography.
|
|
Phylogeography of Pipistrellus pipistrellus species complex
Chudárková, Adéla ; Hulva, Pavel (advisor) ; Janko, Karel (referee)
(in English) Pipistrellus pipistrellus species complex contains two sympatric species inhabiting Europe and part of West and Central Asia (Pipistrellus pipistrellus s. str, Pipistrellus pygmaeus s. str) and several other lines, isolated in the Mediterranean (North Africa, islands and peninsulas of the Mediterranean Sea). This taxon is a part of the extensive radiation within the genus Pipistrellus, which in today's concept includes about 30 species. Mosaic line of P. pipistrellus complex, located at different stages of diversification and secondary contacts in the Mediterranean biodiversity hotspot, is a suitable model for research on speciation. In this thesis we focused on analyses of distribution, phylogeography, population structure and demography based on mitochondrial data from 323 individuals, representing almost the entire range. Control region of mitochondrial DNA was chosen as a genetic marker. Variability in the 378 pb long fragment acknowledged the existence of several genetically distinct lines whose species status is discussed. Observed fylogeografic pattern confirms the existence of groups of radiation centers in the Mediterranean region. An allopatric speciation was there, two of the lines (P. pipistrellus s. str and P. pygmaeus s. str.) later expanded into Europe and their ranges...
|
|
The conception of human rights in Islam and its impact on international relations
Šichová, Petra ; Lehmannová, Zuzana (advisor) ; Šabacká, Yvona (referee)
The main purpose of this thesis is to analyze the conception of human rights in Islamic culture and to examine its influence on international relations. The essential method used to complete the analysis is a comparison of conceptions of human rights in western culture and in Islamic culture. This comparison is based on the most important documents involving human rights. Particular examination of different conceptions is posted in the case study of Pakistan based on Sharia and of secular Turkey. The thesis examines the hypothesis based on opinion, that the states practicing Sharia are not able to follow all the human rights as involved in the western conception of United Nations. Thus, position of those states in international relations is not as good as in case of the secular ones. Anyway, while analyzing various sources and factors, the hypothesis was found not as well-founded as it was supposed to be.
|
guest ::
