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Morphological adaptations for nectarivory in birds
Sailerová, Barbora ; Hořák, David (advisor) ; Janeček, Štěpán (referee)
Scientists have been interested in adaptation of nectar-feeding birds for a long time. I tried to summarize information about these adaptation. About hummingbirds's, sunbird's and honeyeater's bill and tongue, about body size and how flower influences nectar intake. Nectar-feeding birds has extended and curved bill, which is an adaptation to flowers visiting by these birds. The tongue is a tool for nectar intake, its inner structure allows nectar intake. Tongue is tubular and hummingbird's and sunbird's tongue is proximal bifurcate, honeyeater's tongue has brush tip. Nectar-feeding birds are generally of small body size and larger species have to intake more insects because of higher energetic requirements. Some flowers don't allow to perch and nectar-feeding birds have to intake nectar in flight. Therefore especially hummingbirds and some sunbirds evolved a hovering. If its possible, these birds perch when they collect nectar.
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Syntactically-based classification of Czech sentences
Kríž, Vincent ; Mírovský, Jiří (referee) ; Vidová Hladká, Barbora (advisor)
Classification of syntactically meaningful sentences is a very useful task for the applications of natural language processing, for example machine translation, search engines and question answering systems. The theoretical linguistic research considers the language to be a system of layers. In our project, a term 'to-be-meaningful' will be specified with respect to this point of view. Namely, the morphological and syntactic layers will be considered. A knowledge-based algorithm classifying a string of Czech words being either meaningful or meaningless will be proposed and implemented. Before being classified, strings will be pre-processed by the external modules. Czech will be used as the object language.
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What is the effect of highway proximity on house prices in the Czech Republic?
Černíková, Kateřina ; Lahvička, Jiří (advisor) ; Mirvald, Michal (referee)
This thesis investigates the effect of highway proximity in relation to house prices. Based on theory it's assumed, that houses located near highway may be more expensive due to better accessibility to different cities. For this analysis the hedonic price model has been used on 1.055 houses located in Kraj Vysočina and in the Benešov district. Those houses had been offered on sreality.cz webpage in 2012. It has been found, that every extra minute necessary for reaching highway ramp decreases the house value for 0, 4 %, although this can be claimed for houses located farther than 1km from the highway only. If the house is located within 0 - 400 meters (straight-line distance) the price (ceteris paribus) is lower in tens of percents (c. 60%). This is most likely caused by negative externalities produced by highway. In contrast to previous studies, it hasn't been confirmed any price premium for houses located far away from highway.
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Posttranslational modifications and structural alterations of protein synthesis elongation factor Tu in Actinomyces in relation to their life cycle
Holub, Martin
Posttranslational modifications and structural alterations of protein synthesis elongation factor Tu in Actinomyces in relation to their life cycle Protein synthesis elongation factor Tu represents a multifunctional protein with potential role in signaling and regulation of cell metabolism. The complex life cycle of Streptomycetes requires monitoring of changes in their environment and signaling pathways to control it. Here we present the results of analysis of membrane phosphoproteomes from individual morphological stages of Streptomyces coelicolor with the aim to follow developmentally dependent heterogeneity and phosphorylation of intrinsic and externally added Strepomyces aureofaciens EF-Tu in membrane proteomes. We used Mycobacterium smegmatis, fast growing non-pathogenic Mycobacterium, as a non-differentiating actinomycete comparative model. Phosphorylation of intrinsic M. smegmatis and externally added Streptomyces EF-Tu was followed in membrane proteomes from exponential and stationary phase of M. smegmatis liquid culture. We have found that Streptomycetes membrane fraction contains protein kinase(s) catalyzing phosphorylation of both, its own, and an externally added EF-Tu, whereas Mycobacterium membrane fraction contains protein kinase phosphorylating only its own EF-Tu. In vitro phosphorylation...
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Segmentation of airways in CT data
Votoupal, Pavel ; Odstrčilík, Jan (referee) ; Walek, Petr (advisor)
This thesis deals with the segmentation of lung parenchyma and extraction of airways tree from three dimensional CT scans. The external mask of the lungs is created and subsequently used to ease the process of airway segmentation. In this work, some published methods for airways segmentation are described with focus on one, which is described more in detail and also implemented in MATLAB. The proposed approach is based on morphological grayscale reconstruction. Method is tested on the real patient CT scans and finally, the results are discussed.
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Predisposing factors of allergies XIV.
Bílková, Jana ; Kudláčková, Zděnka (referee) ; Jílek, Petr (advisor)
Jana Bílková Predisposition factors of the occurrence of allergies - XIV Master's Degree Thesis Charles University in Prague, Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové Field of study: Pharmacy Background: To determine the influence of external and hereditary factors on the occurrence of allergies and to compare the obtained data. Method: A questionnaire study. More than 4000 children born between 1989 and 1990 and 1992 and 1993 always in the same parts of the Czech Republic were included in this study. The questionnaires were filled in by children's parents. The children were divided into two groups - children with and without allergies. The questionnaire contained questions concerning three different stages of their lives - up to two years of age, from six to eight years of age and from eleven to thirteen years of age. The results: We found that the number of children who suffered from all-year round allergic rhinitis and urticaria after eating certain types of foodstuffs and asthma slightly increased during the period of three years. On the contrary, in hay-fever, allergic cough and eczema, the number slightly decreased. There was seen a significant decrease in drug allergy. A hereditary factor was found to be significant in the incidence of allergies, especially when the mother of the child suffered from...
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Adjectives in Czech sign language?
Zahumenská, Jitka ; Macurová, Alena (advisor) ; Okrouhlíková, Lenka (referee)
The leading topic af this thesis is to laok for an answer to tbe following question: Are there any means af expressing the properties af entities in Czech sign language and ifso, can we think ofthese means as adjectives which laok and wark in a very similar way in Czech spoken language? The author is aware af the different modality af Czech spoken and sign language which may cause a difference in the classification af lexical categories in both languages. That is the reason why tbe author gives priority to dea1ing with language typology and word/sign category cIassification issues in general. Subsequently, the author uses tbe semantic, morphological and syntactic conditions af lexica1 category classification to describe the form and function af lexical items that express the properties af entities in Czech sign language and she correlates them with tbe [orm and function of adjectives in Czech spoken language. The Czech sign language data for the research have been callected by elicitation method from spontaneous cammunication af deaf sign language users. The author deals with the expression af possession in Czech sign language as well. Finally she proves some af the facts regarding adjectives in Czech sign language by providing examples from written texts of deaf Czech individuals.
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Modern Women´s Priorities: Career or Motherhood
DROZDOVÁ, Lucie
The thesis presents an overview about the fact in what extent contemporary women want to devote themselves to a full-time upbringing of children and a career. The theoretical part gives a description of the development of a woman status in relation to the motherhood and employment. It shows an image of a contemporary woman, family and gender roles. An issue of harmonization of the motherhood and career nowadays is described as well. The practical part processes a research focused on finding out the priorities of contemporary women in relation to their career and a full-time upbringing of children. The aim of the thesis was to find out whether women prefer their employment and career to a full-time upbringing of children. Another set objective was to ascertain if women decide for both roles and whether they manage them simultaneously. The research of a quantitative character was chosen to achieve the objectives and to test the hypotheses. The used methodology was a questioning in a form of an anonymous questionnaire. The basic sample of the quantitative research consisted of young women aged between 24 and 45 living in the Pilsen region. 250 questionnaires were distributed in the period of February and March 2012. 146 completed questionnaires were returned. The total return was 58%. The results were processed in the xlsx programme using contingency tables and a correspondence analysis. If we summarize all the data obtained by processing the research, we conclude that children remain the priority of contemporary women. Another finding is that women try to combine these two areas despite obstacles which can appear. It would be interesting to extend the research in a similarly focused study but with a differentiation of subjective and objective factors influencing respondents´ opinions. A subsequent comparison of the results would show the ratio between internal and external factors influencing the priorities.
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Využití méně pěstovaných ovocných druhů pro zpracování
Vincentová, Martina
Bachelor thesis is focused on the possibility of growing and processing Chinese hawthorn (Crataegus pinnatifida Bunge.) and Chinese jujuba (Ziziphus jujuba Mill.). The origin, morphological description, cultivation, ecological requirements, propagation, harvest, health effects and food utilization of these fruit trees is described in this thesis. Japanese persimmon (Diospyros kaki Thunb.), Asian pear (Pyrus pyrifolia (Burm.) Nak. 'Hosui'), Hardy kiwi (Actinidia arguta (Siebold & Zuccarini) Planch. Ex Miq.), Sea buckthorn (Hippophae rhamnoides L.) and Mountain-ash (Sorbus aucuparia L. 'Sorbinka') are describe too. From the harvested fruits were produced conserves, marmelades and other products, which have been assessed during the tasting. Top rated was a jelly with hawthorn and hardy kiwi, then marmalade from jujuba, rowan berries and compote from jujuba and hawthorn with alcohol. Based on the evaluation was found that all products were evaluated above average. Products have positive sensoric qualities, significant health effects and are easy to produce. Therefore, the possibilities of domestic production are very wide.
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The pleiotropic effect of WD-40 domain containing proteins on cellular differentiation and production of secondary metabolites in Streptomyces coelicolor
Ulrych, Aleš ; Branny, Pavel (advisor) ; Pátek, Miroslav (referee) ; Španová, Alena (referee)
The pleiotropic effect of WD-40 domain containing proteins on cellular differentiation and production of secondary metabolites in Streptomyces coelicolor WD-40 domains, also known as beta-transducin repeats, are highly conserved repeating amino acid units, which are found in a wide variety of eukaryotic proteins that have a range of different functions. In the late 1990s, the first WD-40 containing proteins were identified in prokaryotes, however the knowledge about their function is scarce. Streptomyces coelicolor is a gram-positive bacterium with complicated morphological and physiological differentiation in the course of its life cycle. The genome of Streptomyces coelicolor encodes 6 potential genes encoding proteins with WD-repeat motifs. To determine the function of two of these WD-40 genes (wdpB and wdpC), the deletion replacement mutants in both genes were prepared. Both mutants exhibited medium-dependent phenotypes, which are markedly evident on modified R3 plates. Phenotypic studies revealed that deletion of wdpB gene resulted in substantial reduction of aerial hyphae formation and reduced production of undecylprodigiosin. In addition, the hyphae of ΔwdpB mutant were unusually branched and showed the signs of precocious lysis. Delayed spore-containing hyphae were irregularly septated....
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