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Liability in International Sea Transport
Vondráčková, Kristýna ; Brodec, Jan (advisor) ; Dobiáš, Petr (referee)
Liability in International Maritime Transport Main aim of this thesis is a brief introduction to the maritime law, the applicable liability systems, impact of carriage of goods by sea on trade in the Czech Republic and possible future development of international trade. The relationships in the maritime area may be quite complicated and the purpose of this thesis is to present them in a reader-friendly, comprehensible manner. The original reason that led me into choice of this topic is my personal interest in both international trade and ships. International transport may be considered as subsidiary to the sale or exchange of goods but is of essential relevance for the conclusion of trade. Approximately 90% of non-bulk cargo is shipped via ocean. The importance of the international maritime transport is therefore enormous and together with broadening globalization, the legislation in the area of maritime transport gradually increases its effect on the Czech Republic. Moreover, the freight and other costs of shipping considerably influence purchase price of goods. Liability is then crucial when deciding who is to bear the costs of loss, damage to the goods, late delivery of the goods, insurance, bank payment fees, packaging, etc. The text is divided into six chapters. The introductory chapter opens the...
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Assessment of the state of wood in the construction and evaluation of the usefulness of non-destructive testing methods
Munduchová, Markéta ; Vaněrek, Jan (referee) ; Brožovský, Jiří (advisor)
This bachelor's thesis consists of theoretical and experimental part. In the theoretical part there are given findings regarding on structure of wood, its basic properties and durability. The following describes the wood defects, influence of wood pests and fungi, types of wooden structures, climatic conditions, chemical corrosion and mechanical damage to the wood. Evaluation of the status of wood in the structures is appropriate by using non-destructive methods, therefore was performed research articles on these methods. Non-destructive methods are used: visual, hardness tests, electrical, radiation, optical and moisture determination. Experimental part of the bachelor's thesis is focused on ultrasonic impulse method, that can detect defects or damage in the wood mass that depends on the speed of ultrasonic impulse. For a reliable interpretation of the results it is appropriate to combine non-destructive methods when assessing status of wood structure.
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Monitoring masonry buildings affected by the surrounding construction
Kirschbaum, Adam ; Heřmánková, Věra (referee) ; Cikrle, Petr (advisor)
This bachelor’s thesis deals with monitoring of a building object affected by a surrounding construction. In the first, theoretical part the defect of wall constructions, ways of measuring wall cracks and possibilities of a static load are described. The second, practical part deals with monitoring of a multi-storey building which was damaged by a building of a neighbouring object in the gap site. It covers the inspection and documentation of the damage and the description of the applied methods. The results of measuring are elaborated graphically and analysed in connection with interventions to the construction.
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Case-law of Czech courts in the area of environmental protection through criminal law
Zetek, Miroslav ; Franková, Martina (advisor) ; Stejskal, Vojtěch (referee)
The aim of the thesis is to analyse judicature dealing with environmental crime of Czech courts. The reason for my research is fact, that environmental crime is one of the most dangerous for all human kind and there is such a small attention paid to it here in Czech Republic. The thesis is composed of five chapters. Chapter one is introductory and lines out goals of the thesis, terminology and techniques used in the thesis. Chapter two provides an outline of relevant Czech case law. This chapter is subdivided into six parts. Each part looks at special kind of environmental crime such as cruelty to animals, poaching, illegal wildlife trade, forest damage etc. Chapter three concentrates on impact of criminal liability of legal entities on environmental crime. Chapter four examines the infrequency of environmental crime coming before the court. Conclusions are drawn in Chapter Five. Frequent changes of complicated legislation have crucial influence on fighting the blight that is environmental crime. Prosecuting authorities are not motivated to prosecute the environmental crime because of light sentences. Czech courts also sometimes tend to legal positivism which brings out controversial judgements, especially in combination with poor-quality legislation.
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Delictual liability of natural persons within environmental protection
Vebr, Tomáš ; Stejskal, Vojtěch (advisor) ; Sobotka, Michal (referee)
10. Resume The main goal of this thesis was to demonstrate importance of protection of the environment. Natural environment is the fundamental presumption of the next evolution of human population. But people have not taken it seriously and damaged the environment. In present time, the effective protection of the environment is unthinkable without resources of law. There are various forms of applied protection: economic, educational, technical, scientific and, last but not least, law. The basic aim of all legal forms of environment protection is the prevention of pollution, environment harm and natural restitution . Liability plays very important role among the legal means. Law is the effective form of protection, which includes sanctions and lucid indication of consequences for infringement of rules. Liability of natural persons plays among the legal means the specific role. Nowadays, the main burden of regulation is in administrative law, but to the future it is advisable to delegate the main burden to criminal liability of persons. There is the need to involve the enterprises into liability too. The regulation of liability in administrative law in the field of Czech environment law is very broad, disunited and not codified. Opposite this, the criminal liability is codified in one legal enactment, penal...
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Picture correction
Sedlo, Petr ; Horák, Karel (referee) ; Richter, Miloslav (advisor)
This work is focussed on different unwanted effects that damage a digitally acquired image. An image acquired using a digital camera can suffer from a series of defects. First, the noise is concerned. It occures due to discretisation. Next, there are the defects including vignetting, radial image distortion, chromatic aberration. In my thesis I also worked on backlight image compensation and panorama creation from an image sequence. For backlight images we need to increase the brightness in the dark parts of the image, so that the details became more visible. At panorama creation we are careful about brightness evenness in partial images, which is usually not conserved and consequently we try to find a suitable boundary-line to connect images and smooth it. The fundamental part of my work was writing the algorithms that are able to compensate these defects at least partly. For this aim I took use of the Matlab environment.
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Bodies of a joint-stock company
Matějíková, Lucie ; Kříž, Radim (advisor) ; Labancz, Ladislav (referee)
The thesis presents a comparison of the legal provisions of the Czech Republic and Austria in terms of the internal structure of a joint-stock company. It focuses on the powers of individual bodies, their members, meetings and relationsships. Furthermore a discussion of the relationsship between the company and a member of its Board of directors, including his liability for damages, is presented.
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Legal aspects of primary scientific results
Myška, Matěj
This contribution focuses on the legal aspects of raw grey literature that is understood as yet to be published, interim or incomplete scientific results like raw primary data or drafts of scientific articles. Specifically the contribution deals with two problematic areas: 1) liability for damages resulting from inadequate (or even forbidden) use of the results and possibilities of limitation thereof; 2) ownership of such grey literature and contractual possibility to dispose therewith after it has been offered to official publication (i.e. the copyright issues of pre-prints, post-prints and publisher’s edition).
Fulltext: idr-934_3 -  PDF
Slides: idr-934_1 - PDF; idr-934_2 - PDF
Video: idr-934_4 -  MP4
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Liability of governing bodies of limited companies agaist third parties for a breach of duty in the course of performance of function from a comparative perspective
Hradil, Petr ; Černá, Stanislava (advisor) ; Zahradníčková, Marie (referee)
Liability of governing bodies of limited companies against third parties for a breach of duty in the course of performance of function from a comparative perspective The thesis deals with the legal liability of company representatives, an important theme for several reasons. One is the fact that companies are legal persons, or entities which do not exist in reality and whose intentions are realised through persons distinct from them, namely their representatives. Both legislation and the memorandum of association impose many duties on representatives which must be fulfilled. It may happen that these duties are breached, resulting in damage to a company, its associates, and other neutral parties, most often the company's creditors. We must consider if the legal order should pierce the veil around companies and allow the possibility of persons acting on a company's behalf to be directly sanctioned. The thesis attempts to analyse the circumstances under which company representatives should be directly liable for their actions. With regard to the fact that the legislation is not developed in the Czech Republic, I had to work with foreign examples and deduce which provisions of Czech law might be useful for the development of the theory. The first four chapters present and deal with concepts which are...
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Contracts of Carriage of Goods by Sea, Liability of the Carrier
Píšová, Libuše ; Švarc, Zbyněk (advisor) ; Novák, Radek (referee)
This thesis defines the most important transport documents used in the carriage of goods by sea. It describes the way how they are used and the functions they perform. The main emphasis is focused on the bill of lading which is mostly used in the liner shipping and on the Charter Party, which is the basis of the realization of the tramp shipping. The thesis gives a comprehensive overview of a complicated international legislation of the liability relations in the maritime transport, which are differently regulated in the Hague, Hague-Visby and Hamburg rules at present. There is also provided a basic overview of the maritime transport risks and the possibility of their coverage in order to reduce the negative impact of eventual damages.
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