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Project of family farm as closed economic unit
Jakubčík, Václav ; Pazderů, Kateřina (advisor) ; Zdeněk, Zdeněk (referee)
The diploma thesis deals with the family farm, which deals with fast growing trees cultivation. Business plan for my firm is the operation of the cogeneration unit and ensuring its self-sufficiency. The intention is that the family farm should produce more than half the biomass for cogeneration units.
Diploma thesis works with providing services in processing of logging residues, removing seeding trees and transportation. All this in order to obtain sufficient quantities of the commodity for the operation of boiler plants with cogeneration unit. Further outputs are addressed including the use of waste heat. Necessary support in planning the boiler room is the SWOT analysis. Conclusion of SWOT analysis clearly support the business plan for hte operation of a family farm.
Another key factor, that motivates me to expand current boiler room is a continuously rising electricity price. I suppose part of the generated electric power will be used for wood drying, the rest of the energy power is supposed to be sold to CEZ. Revenue from electricity sales should improve my Cash-Flow.
An important source of energy is a waste hot water that will be used for heating lumber drying, rabbit slaughterhouses of Rabbit firm. The rest of hot water waste will be used for heating workshops and residential buildings around.
The main incentive for founding a family farm is request to have enough fuel for the cogeneration unit also in case of external source shortage. The target is to ensure fluent economic operation of whole technological equipment.
My target is an overall economic assessment of the project for extracting of biomass from various sources. After an overall assessment we got conclusion, that the project can be profitable especially due to own production. Services provided by my farm creates significant additional value.
For family farm founding motivates me also unemployment of several family members.
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Funding and Provision of Rail Transport in the Czech Republic
Rohovská, Kateřina ; Stará, Dana (advisor) ; Michal, Michal (referee)
High quality public transport system is a hallmark of everyone from advanced European states. The existence and development of the public transport sector is significantly dependent on finance from public sources. The Czech Republic is no exception. The system of railway infrastructure in the Czech Republic constitutes the core of national transportation system with links to Central European transit system. The main objective of diploma thesis is to financial analysis of Czech Railways in the years 2005 - 2014. Czech Railways are considered the dominant carrier in the transport railway sector. Due attention is given to support from public sources, whether at the regional, national or even European level.
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Management Accounting as a Source of Information in a Chosen Company
Karban, Lukáš ; Lörinczová, Enikö (advisor) ; Miroslav, Miroslav (referee)
Managerial accounting as an information source in the unit of account will be assessed in a particular agricultural company with more than twenty years of history. The company is engaged in both crop and livestock productions and its turnover exceeds the limit of 250 million Czech crowns.
The first section summarizes the findings from the professional literature, legal regulations and partly findings from my own experience too. The characteristic of the monitored company, including the interrelationship among different types of production is shown in the next part. Description of individual production processes is important for further monitoring of the use of management accounting, including its coherence with the production as a source of information for decision making.
On the basis of these chapters managerial accounting use will be described and further evaluated. Managerial accounting will be evaluated in the areas of planning and decision-making. Further, in the area of calculation, cost allocation and coding of individual cost items for specific performances.
At the end procedures of managerial accounting use in the monitored accounting unit are evaluated and some recommendations, including suggestions for possible improvements are described.
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The Benefits of Green Spaces
Těťálová, Zuzana ; Souček, Josef (advisor) ; Marek, Marek (referee)
This diploma thesis with the theme of The benefits of green spaces deals with the benefits of green space and their value.
The main part of the thesis is a literary review summarizing the theme of the benefits of green space and the methods of their evaluation. The first part of the review focuses mainly on the identification of the functions of green spaces in an urban environment and a closer look at their effects, utility and functioning. In this section the effects of the phenomena that occur in urban environments and which are suppressed thanks to green spaces are also analyzed. The second part of the review is devoted to the importance of evaluating green spaces and their benefits and further to methodologies, which are discussed in detail.
The following section analyzes the evaluation methodologies and their positive and critical points are identified. This section also divides the methodologies according to their relevance in the Czech environment, which is specific and the methodologies developed in the Anglo-Saxon context cannot be applied without modification. This chapter also compares data sources needed to develop a methodology for evaluating the benefits of green spaces.
In the fifth chapter of the thesis, a methodology for calculating the economic value of the benefits of green spaces in the city is created, based on the knowledge gained in the literature review. The methodology combines methods from various sources and adjusts them to the Czech context. It also examines the data sources needed in order to set up the whole balance sheet.
The sixth part deals with the discussion, in which is the summary of the data, which arise from the assembled methodology and compares them with the literature and the application of similar methodologies in other territories.
The conclusion summarizes the information obtained in the research and suggests other possibilities of their future use.
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The Political and Military Elites in the Emirate of Granada
Ženka, Josef ; Gombár, Eduard (advisor) ; Veselý, Rudolf (referee) ; Pirický, Gabriel (referee)
The Political and Military Elites in the Emirate of GranadaThe Political and Military Elites in the Emirate of GranadaThe Political and Military Elites in the Emirate of GranadaThe Political and Military Elites in the Emirate of Granada (Ph.D. thesis)(Ph.D. thesis)(Ph.D. thesis)(Ph.D. thesis) PhDr. Josef Ženka Abstract The Ph.D. thesis deals with the political elites in Granada and analyzes them as a social group within its own dynamics. It is focused on their influence on political decision-making process, which is expressed by the influence of elite on reigning Naṣrid dynasty. It examines the elite denomination in contemporary Arabic written sources, their links and delimitations. These were mainly common economic and power interests. On the basis of the ǧāh pyramid it focuses on each aspect: Sovereign as a source of legitimacy of political power, the vizier as a major counterpart to the ruler, the inner circle of emir in which was concentrated the remaining part of the political elite, and also the Naṣrid women. Vizier, as the most significant part of this group, was eventually transformed to the role of regent and ruler's public representative. From the early 14th century with his power he began to tie the sovereign's power itself and he took over it almost permanently in the 15th century. The emphasis...
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Antimicrobial activity of extract from GRAS plant species agains oral pathogenic microorganisms
Pilná, Jindřiška ; Kokoška, Ladislav (advisor) ; Jaroslav, Jaroslav (referee)
Microbial oral diseases such as caries and periodontitis are among the most frequent human infections. Conventional chemical antiseptics used for their treatment and prevention often produce adverse side-effects, which restrict their long-term use. Although plants are considered as perspective sources of novel antimicrobial compounds, little is still known about their inhibitory properties against oral pathogens and about their safety while used on a daily basis. The objective of this study was to investigate in vitro growth-inhibitory effects of ethanol Generally Recognised as Safe (GRAS) plant and supercritical CO2 hop extracts on planktonic cultures of cariogenic, periodontal and candidal human pathogens, namely Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans, Bifidobacterium dentium, B. longum, Candida albicans, Eikenella corrodens, Fusobacterium nucleatum subsp. vincentii, Lactobacillus salivarius subsp. salivarius, Porphyromonas gingivalis, Streptococcus mutans, S. salivarius subsp. salivarius and S. sobrinus using the broth microdilution method. The findings showed that ethanol extracts of all 109 GRAS plant species inhibited the growth of at least one microorganism under study with minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) equal or lower than 4096 ug/mL. However, only six of them possessed very interesting antiseptic potential against the oral pathogens with MIC < 100 ug/mL. Additionally, three GRAS plant species showed good inhibitory activity with MIC = 128 ug/mL. As far as the particular results are concerned, the best antiseptic effect was observed for both Humulus lupulus CO2 supercritical and ethanol extracts that inhibited the growth of all microorganisms at MICs higher or equal to 8 ug/mL and MICs higher or equal to 16 ug/mL, respectively. Hence, the CO2 supercritical extraction proved to be superior for extraction of active constituents of H. lupulus. Further, the ethanol extracts of Capsicum annuum and C. frutescens showed significant antiseptic potential against S. sobrinus and S. salivarius (MICs from 64 to 128 ug/mL). The oral streptococci were also inhibited by Zanthoxylum clava-herculis (MIC higher or equal to 64 ug/mL), Helichrysum angustifolium and Myristica fragrans (MIC higher or equal to 128 ug/mL) which further showed the antimicrobial activity against F. nucleatum (MIC = 64 ug/mL). Interesting inhibitory effects exhibited an extract of Punica granatum against C. albicans (MIC = 128 ug/mL) and F. nucleatum (MIC = 64 ug/mL). Moreover, the growth of F. nucleatum was inhibited by extracts of Pimenta officinalis and Thea sinensis (MIC = 128 ug/mL). The chemical analysis of the CO2 supercritical H. lupulus extracts revealed that alpha and beta bitter acids represented the two major groups of constituents. Cohumulone was the predominant compound of the alpha acids, whereas colupulone was the prevalent constituent of the beta acids. Our results suggest that the six GRAS plant species, namely C. annuum, C. frutescens, H. lupulus, M. fragrans, P. granatum and Z. clava-herculis have good potential to become new safe antiseptic agents that might be used for incorporation into oral care products such as toothpastes and mouthrinses.
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Suitable Methods of Determination and Varification Ammonia and Selected Greenhouse Gasses Detection
Zabloudilová, Petra ; Pecen, Josef (advisor) ; Jan, Jan (referee)
The dissertation deals with methods of detection gases from agriculture, especially ammonia. To understand and control of ammonia and others gases (i.g. methane) depends on sampling and measurement techniques that includes devices, instruments and procedures. In the theoretical part are listed the basic characteristics of ammonia and selected greenhouse gases and its environmental effects, sources of emissions and characteristics of chosen gas sensors (especially semiconductor sensors). In the experimental part of the work were tested conditions of chosen types of sensors (especially semiconductor sensors) mentioned above in the laboratory, according to the change of relative humidity and concentration detection gas especially. The chosen sensors were verified for measuring in the operational conditions (in the barns). Finally, the advantages and disadvantages of tested sensors are discussed (with regard to use these sensors in operational conditions).
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Effect of linoleic and α-linolenic acidis in pig nutrition on quantity and quality of intramuscular fat of pork with emphasis on the n-6/n-3 PUFA-spectrum
Vehovský, Karel ; Stupka, Roman (advisor)
Human nutrition is a function of nutrients' intake from food. The essential nutrients needed by the human body to produce energy, growth and repair of cells, tissues and organs and which accepts in the human diet, are fats. They are obtained from plant or animal sources. Especially animal fats are often ranged among the unpopular food components. Czech Republic is a country with traditionally high consumption of pork. Recently, about healthy foods greatly increase the interest. These include some animal products having an altered composition of fatty acids in fats. The content and composition of saturated and unsaturated fatty acids in human nutrition are important for protecting of human health. The high content of saturated fatty acids in foods and unfavorable ratio between the n-6 and n-3 fatty acids may be the cause of many diseases, especially cardiovascular diseases. Fats in the diet should contain saturated, monounsaturated and polyunsaturated fatty acids, in a ratio of about 1: 1.4: 0,6. From a health perspective, the most important are the n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids. Animal fats, however, contain sufficient n-6 polyunsaturated fatty acids, n-3, however, a little. Pork meat quality from the viewpoint of fatty acids composition is currently not very favorable. Significant effects on the fatty acids profile of animal fats have the fats in the feed. It is thus the possibility of by using the diet to influence the composition of fatty acids in the fat in pig. The work is focused on the possibility of influencing the fatty acids composition of pork intramuscular fat using supplementation of different sources and different feeding techniques of unsaturated fatty acids in the feed in pigs. In the experiment, as a source of unsaturated fatty acids the supplement of the rapeseed or soybean oil was used. The results demonstrate that the above unsaturated fatty acid sources significantly changes the fatty acid composition of intramuscular fat.
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Černý, David ; Malaťák, Jan (advisor) ; Mašek, Jiří (referee)
Organic wastes represent available replacement for crops grown specifically for biofuel production. However, the combustion of solid biofuels is often accompanied by technical problems. Biofuels made of organic wastes require the source of which do not contain hazardous substances that could be their combustion in simple combustion sources came into the atmosphere as emissions.
This thesis is focused on the assessment of technical and operational parameters of small combustion plants while burning biofuels and also of the measurement of emission concentrations of CO and NOX in the flue gas and its subsequent analysis. Samples were selected as solid fuel in the form of a lump, briquettes and pellets made from advanced materials. Incineration was realized in the fireplace with a grate furnace and automatic stove.
The bark briquettes could appears to be a suitable substitution for coal or wooden briquettes, and during combustion in grate emission concentrations of CO were achieved with a value of 560.8 +/- 98.9 mg.m-3,on the contrary NOX levels were relatively high
1 193.6 +/- 141.7 mg.m-3. In case of this work, when using the furnace the briquettes were made from compost , whose emission levels are higher: CO 1 487.8 +/- 418.8 mg.m-3, NOx levels were somewhat lower 330.8 +/- 26.3 mg.m-3 than the briquettes bark.
An experimental sample of sewage sludge, which has been modified by hydrothermal carbonisation, was burned on the grate furnace and the measured emission levels for CO
1 493.3 +/- 237.3 mg.m-3 and NOX levels 544.8 +/- 20.2 mg.m-3, positive because it was achieved the rated output of the combustion equipment and the heat of combustion of the sample is very low 12.61 MJ.kg-1.
The most efficient combustion of 80.8 +/- 2,7 % was achieved using automatic stove, during burning waste wood pellets certificate ENplus A1, the very low levels of emission and a very low emission levels for CO with a value of 117.5 +/- 14.4 mg.m-3 and values NOX
110.3 +/- 2.9 mg.m-3 were measured. Following experiments on this device were intended to increase the efficiency of a combustion plant by installing a hot-air heat exchanger and preheating combustion air. Method with preheating combustion air caused an increase in the emission concentration of CO.
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Representation of biologically active substances in the grape seeds (Vitis vinifera L.)
Horníčková, Štěpánka ; Hejtmánková, Alena (advisor) ; Vlastimil, Vlastimil (referee)
Seeds of 41 white and 22 blue vine varieties cultivated on six vine-growing areas were assessed as a by-product after winemaking on the contents of total polyphenols (TP) and phosphorus (P) spectrophotometrically, total tocols (TC) including individual tocols by HPLC-FLD, and metals (Ca, Mg, Na, K, Fe, Zn, Cu, and Mn) by FAAS. Remaining TP and TC levels were mainly affected by the variety, while levels of microelements (Cu, Mn, and Zn) and P or K by the vine-growing area. The highest TC and TP levels were found in the seeds of white varieties. Varieties of grape seeds have significant impact on the gamma-tocotrienol content. The color of grape varieties has significant impact on alpha-tocotrienol content. Grape seeds from grape cultivated on the Czech growing area contained higher levels of macroelements except P, however no significant differences between growing areas have been found. The crop year has significant influence on TP, Fe and Cu content. Results herein revealed the considerable potential of grape seeds, a by-product of the vinification process, as a valuable inexpensive source of high added value of nutritionally beneficial compounds - polyphenol and tocol antioxidants and macro- and microelements for use as feed additives in animal nutrition.
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