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The use of humine preparations at the winter wheat
ŠVEC, Jakub
The diploma thesis deals with the use of humic preparations in winter wheat (Tri-ticum aestivum). The experiment was based on a family farm with two varieties of winter wheat. These were varieties from the Lima Grain company. The varieties were LG Mocca and LG Magirus. In the experiment, 3 different dosage variants of Blackjak were compared against the control variant. The dose of the product was graduated in half a liter per hectare, i.e. variant No. 1: 0.5 l*ha-1, No. 2: 1 l*ha-1, No. 3: 1.5 l*ha-1. In the case of the LG Mocca variety, there was an increase in profits in all variants, from which it can be concluded that even the application of 0.5 l*ha-1 is advantageous. However, the highest increase in profits was for variant No. 3, where the increase in profits was CZK 3,087. For the LG Magirus variety, these results were not so clear. Variant No. 1, where 0.5 l*ha-1 was applied, came out with a lower profit than the control variant. The highest increase in profits was for variant No. 3, where the increase was CZK 1,554.
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Short-term application of elevated temperature and drought influences the isotopic composition of winter wheat grains
Pernicová, Natálie ; Urban, Otmar ; Čáslavský, Josef ; Klem, Karel ; Trnka, Miroslav
The study aimed to determine the differences in carbon (δ13C) and nitrogen (δ15N) stable isotope ratios in grains of three winter wheat varieties grown under optimal and stress conditions. We found that the wheat variety has a significant effect on both δ13C and δ15N isotope ratios. Short-term (nine days) exposure to drought and high temperature during the heading or stem extension development phase significantly enhanced δ13C values, but only high temperature affected δ15N values. Enhanced δ15N values support the assumption that global warming causes a higher representation of the 15N isotope in plants. Moreover, significant interactive effects of temperature and water availability on the values of both isotopes were found implying that C and N metabolisms have been altered under the investigated stress conditions. We conclude that δ13C and δ15N isotope ratios of cereal grains are sensitive indicators of stress conditions, even short-term ones
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Winter wheat growing in terms of selected farms
PAUL, Radim
The goal of the bachelor thesis was to establish and evaluate a pilot experiment. The effect of 3 nutritional variants with a graded dosage of nitrogen and the application of a growth regulator with the active substance trinexapac-ethyl on the yield and quality parameters of winter wheat grain was evaluated. There was 145 kg pure nutrient N*ha-1 of growth regulator in scenario 1, 191 kg pure nutrient N*ha-1 in scenario 2 and 191 kg pure nutrient N*ha-1 with applied growth regulator in scenario 3. The experiment was performed on a family farm in the growing season of the year 2018 and 2019 near the village Dobkov by the town Chotěboř. The actual yield was in scenarios 2 and 3 was only slightly increased (in the order of tens of kilograms) in spite of the higher dosage of nitrogen in scenario 2 and the application of a growth regulator in scenario 3. Both the higher dosage of nitrogen and the addition of growth regulator had a positive effect on yield-forming elements, and increased the number of ears per m2, further reducing the average number of grains in a spike in scenarios 2 and 3. The weight of one thousand grains was positively affected by a higher dosage of nitrogen in scenario 2, but negatively affected in scenario 3. All quality parameters (nitrogen content, gluten content, Zeleny test and bulk mass) were positively affected by a higher dosage of nitrogen in scenario 2. The application of the growth regulator in scenario 3 increased the declining trend, the Zeleny test, the gluten content, the nitrogen content and also negatively affected the bulk mass.
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ILCA for selected cereal species
PANUŠKOVÁ, Šárka
The aim of this work was to identify and evaluate the environmental burden that arises during the cultivation of wheat and rye. The categories of agrotechnical operations, field emissions, fertilizers and pesticides were compared. The subsequent goal was to compare the resulting environmental burden between conventional and organic farming.
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Problems Microscopic fungi of wheat
HORTOVÁ, Bronislava
The aim of thesis was to monitor the natural occurrence, frequency and species diversity of microscopic fungi. The incidence was evaluated according to various environmental factors (soil reaction, the farming, crop, geographical location). Experimental crop was wheat, it was a variety Ebi, Alka, Meritto, Aranka and Zuzana. Samples of wheat were of three habitats - Lukavec, Prague-Ruzyne and Ceske Budejovice. The monitoring frequency of microscopic fungi has focused on Fusarium fungi. The incidence was monitored in terms of the impact site conditions, before crop, production system and the course of weather in a given year. A secondary attempt was to determine the yield of certain indicators. It was the determination of germination, the weight of one thousand seeds and the dimensional weight.
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Study on the influence of plasma activated water on seed germination
Vozár, Tomáš ; Zlámalová Gargošová, Helena (referee) ; Kozáková, Zdenka (advisor)
This bachelor thesis deals with study on the influence of plasma activated water on wheat seed germination. After interaction with the plasma, the water changes its composition and obtain new properties that are useful in agriculture. The theoretical part is divided into two parts. The first part of the theory is dealing with basic knowledge about plasma, its properties, and possibilities of plasma generation in laboratory conditions. In the second part, the work deals with plasma activated water – PAW. The preparation of plasma activated water is described in details as well as its physical-chemical properties and composition with respect to the PAW possible applications. The aim of the experimental part of this work was to prepare plasma activated water in three different plasma systems and apply it on wheat seeds. These three ways of activation used direct and indirect interaction of plasma with water surface. After the seeds were germinated, the influence of plasma activated water on seed germination and quality of crops was observed and compared to control samples. The influence of different ways of water activation was also evaluated. Results show positive effects of plasma activated water on the seed germination and it also increased the quality of crops. Next steps in this research should be the transfer of this experiment from the laboratory scale on the Petri dish to the pot experiments in soil.
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Interactive effects of elevated CO2 concentration, drought and nitrogen nutrition on malting quality of spring barley
Simor, J. ; Klem, Karel ; Psota, V.
Elevated CO2 concentration [EC] generally leads to increased rates of photosynthesis, increased formation of assimilates and finally to storing them in the grain. Increased storage of starch in the grain, however, leads to an unbalanced proportion to the proteins, and their relative content decreases. This is particularly apparent in the conditions of nitrogen deficiency. The interactive effects of EC, nitrogen nutrition and reduced water availability are, however, not yet sufficiently understood. Within the manipulation experiment in open top chambers (Domaninek near Bystrice nad Pernstejnem) that allow simulation of EC (expected by the end of this century 700 ppm) and drought, the effect of these interactions on protein content, and other quality parameters of spring barley grain was studied. EC reduced grain protein content, increased extract, Kolbach index and also summary Malting quality index. Such effect was more pronounced under higher nitrogen dose, which generally worsened malting quality parameters. Reduced water availability slightly enhanced all malting quality parameters and also showed slight synergistic effect to EC. No clear interactive effects on malting quality were found for nitrogen nutrition and water availability.
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Design of a pipeline chain conveyor
Machala, Petr ; Malach, František (referee) ; Malášek, Jiří (advisor)
This master thesis deals with the construction design of two different pipeline drag chain conveyors for transport of wheat and sewage sludge. The first part describes the operation principle and the main parts of this conveyor. The examples of designs from several manufacturers follow. Next part is devoted to determining the resistance to movement in individual sections of the transport route. Thesis continues with design proposals of both variants of conveyors, including suitable technological and strength calculations. The outputs of this work are also assembly drawings of these two conveyors.
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The effect of temperature in interaction with other factors of climatic change on selected physiological parameters and yield of C3 and C4 crops
Jiras, Tomáš ; Albrechtová, Jana (advisor) ; Mašková, Petra (referee)
The current climate change mainly involves global warming of the Earth, and anthropogenic activity is predominantly identified as the dominant cause. As a result of the ongoing climate change, there are ever-expanding areas with rainfall deficits, extreme weather patterns including heat waves, etc. Plants must be acclimated or adapted to worsening environmental conditions in the short term as a result of the climate change. Stress load significantly changes plant physiological parameters, even lethally. Plants respond to stress by acclimation responses and adaptations induced by changes in gene expressions on metabolic, physiological or structural levels, by phenotype modification, and other changes. The threat also affects agricultural plant production, which is obliged to ensure food security of the ever-increasing human population. The climate change is expected to reduce crop yields. The aim of this Thesis is to summarize knowledge about changes in crop physiology and agricultural production due to stress factors of the climate change, especially temperature, with emphasis on differences between C3 and C4 plants. Most of the work deals with C3 cereals: wheat, barley, rice and C4: corn, sorghum. Different responses of these crops are discussed, such as change in phenology, water use, CO2...
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