|
| |
|
|
Transcendental Empiricism
Drbohlav, Jakub ; Petříček, Miroslav (advisor) ; Kouba, Petr (referee)
Present thesis attempts to lay foundations of interpretation of Deleuzeʼs project of transcendental empiricism as a transcendental critical philosophy which develops itself upon the critique of traditional metaphysics founded on representative thought. For understanding this project it is essential to grasp its relation to Kantʼs critical philosophy. Present thesis focuses mainly on the importance of Maïmonʼs critique of Kant and his suggested revision of Kantʼs philosophy for the Deleuzeʼs project. In the first chapter, critique of representative metaphysics and its consequences for Deleuzeʼs transcendental empiricism is pursued. Second chapter deals with the character of differential transcendental organization which Deleuzeʼs project develops. This organization will be interpreted as a symbolic structural space constantly changing in time, which represents Deleuzeʼs "philosophical interpretation" of Riemannʼs conception of continuous manifold. Third chapter will show the consistency of this unconscious transcendental space with our phenomenal subjective perspective and will sketch an explanation of its genesis through such transcendental organization.
|
|
|
Word and Image in Czech and Slovak Art in the 50's and 60's of 20th Century
Hachlincová, Lenka ; Lahoda, Vojtěch (advisor) ; Petříček, Miroslav (referee) ; Klimešová, Marie (referee)
(in English) This dissertation paper deals with the transformation of the relationship letter and image in the Czechsoslovakian art in the 1950s and 1960s, interpreted from the point of view of the cultural and social events not as the history of art, but history of reality representation. The objective of the paper is to create a more complex view of various levels of integration of letter and image in domestic environment, so it approaches the phenomena of letter and image from a specific interpretation point of view based on three main lines. Mapping the phenomena of letter and image in the context of that period in Czechoslovakia, which preceded work structuralizing, was the base of the first interpretation line which bases the core of work on four social "activators", which, in the mind of an artist, activated the need to incarnate letter and image. Since the subject of the paper is the letter as a material manifestation of the language, the second interpretations line follows the purposeful modification of the language structure between the signifiant and signifié, which occurs in visual imaging. The third interpretation line puts the first two into a broader, aesthetic and philosophical context due to which, more complex language structures entering the art of work can be identified. Using...
|
|
|
Ancient Egyptian Mythological Narratives. Structural Interpretation of the Tale of Two Brothers, Tale of the Doomed Prince, the Astarte Papyrus, the Osirian Cycle and the Anat Myth
Pehal, Martin ; Chlup, Radek (advisor) ; Spalinger, Anthony John (referee) ; Stauder, Andreas (referee)
is study is composed of two units: manuscript of the author's publication Interpreting Ancient Egyptian Narratives: A Structural Analysis of the Tale of Two Brothers, the Anat Myth, the Osirian Cycle, and the Astarte Papyrus (Nouvelles études orientales, Bruxelles-Fernelmont: EME, 2014) and an additonal chapter entitled Accommodating Ambivalence: Case of the Doomed Prince and His Dog, which follows directly a er the Index of the first unit and which extends the applied methodology to yet another New Kingdom mythological narrative, the so-called Tale of the Doomed Prince. Methodologically, the author follows the neo-structuralist approach. Both studies explain the strong configurational character of ancient Egyptian (mythological) thought which has the ability to connect various ontological levels of human experience with the surrounding world into complex synchronic structures. ese symbolical systems are shown to be mediating between the various cultural paradoxes which were inherent to ancient Egyptian society. Axial role in this process is a ributed to the institution of positional kingship represented by the Pharaoh. Its transformative function is also put into relation to the special status of female characters who are shown to play the part of the "powerful powerless ones" further personifying...
|
|
|
Uneven Development of the World Economy
Bílý, Boris ; Pavlínek, Petr (advisor) ; Ženka, Jan (referee)
This diploma thesis deals with inequalities within the Word economic development. The development is conceived in the context of world systems theory for the proper evaluation of this development. The question, whether there is a convergence or divergence across countries and groups of countries is an important question of contemporary studies of globalization. While proponents of modernization theory tend to say that countries converge, adherents of world systems theory mostly think the opposite. Another contribution of this work is the evaluation of economic development not based only on the production capabilities and growth. The approach is more complex and includes the development of the society as a whole. Therefore, Human development index was used for analysis and the researched period was set to 1980-2014 due to data availability. The analysis deals not only with inequalities between the parts of the world system, but partially also with inequalities within these parts. The theoretical part consists of discussion of the existing studies of world systems and economic development and explains the necessary terms and context. Practical part is made of own regionalization of the world into three parts of the world system (core, semiperiphery and periphery) based on criteria chosen according to...
|
|
|
The Role of an Author in a Work of Art Based on Jan Mukařovský Focused on a Film
Lavická, Kristýna ; Borecký, Felix (advisor) ; Michalovič, Peter (referee)
In my thesis, I focus on the role of an author in a work of art, and film in particular, based on Jan Mukařovský. Firstly, I describe Mukařovský's structuralist concept of an art work. Thus, following Ferdinand de Saussure's ideas, he views a work of art as an autonomous sign. At the same time, he uses de Saussure's terms langue and parole. In this text, I explain Mukařovský's terms of an aesthetic function, a norm and a value. I also examine the difference between an individual and a subject of art, and between intentionality and unintentionality. I compare Mukařovský's view of the author with other theorists, namely, Umberto Eco, Roland Barthes and Michael Foucault. Hence, I show historical changes within the concept of the author, and also explain Pierre Levy's cyber-cultural understanding of it. In addition, I discuss other authors, who bring together film arts and the interplay of signs. In particular, I introduce James Monaco and Jerzy Plaževski, and connect their thoughts with ideas of Mukařovský. These authors create a bridge between the concept of a film author and Mukařovský, who does not discuss this authorship in particular. The focus here is on Jaroslav Vančát's theory of a multi-layered film, examining three layers of film with different authors. Focusing on films with actual actors,...
|
|
|
Influence of Ferdinand de Saussure on French structuralism
Benešová, Aneta ; Hauser, Michael (advisor) ; Pelcová, Naděžda (referee)
The influence of Ferdinand de Saussure on French structuralism Ferdinand de Saussure is considered the founder of structural linguistics. His ideas went far beyond the bounds of linguistics, and he thus became a significant representative of structuralism, a school of thought that developed from his work. The present thesis will be concerned with Saussure's ideas, the basic terms that he established, and, above all, his impact on Claude Lévi-Strauss who employed Saussure's method in cultural anthropology, and applied it to totemism, blood relations or mythology. He laid the foundation for a diversified theoretical paradigm known as French structuralism.
|
|
|
Structuralism and Concept of Discourse in the Work of Paul Ricoeur
Skoumal, Petr ; Borecký, Felix (advisor) ; Marcelli, Miroslav (referee)
This diploma thesis focuses on structuralism and concept of discourse in the work of French philosopher Paul Ricoeur. The aim of the thesis is to show Ricoeur's effort to interconnect structuralism and hermeneutics and, after this, to treat how this interconnection works as a general paradigm of human sciences. The point of departure is Ricoeur's revision of Saussurean structural approach which divides language into language system (langue) and speaking (parole). Then, the concept of discourse is grounded and the thesis proceeds to problems of text. By using the concept of discourse for written forms of language (texts), Ricoeur introduces this term to his hermeneutical approach. Its interconnection with structuralism is made possible by circular dialectics of explanation and understanding in which structuralism is shown to be necessary for the hermeneutical knowledge. Ricoeur's hermeneutical thought is also characterised by movement from text to action. Ricoeur finds some parallels between them and between the interpretations of them. By this, he proceeds from hermeneutics of text to hermeneutics of action and presents his conclusions as a general paradigm of human sciences. These are said to have a hermeneutical nature. However, according to Ricoeur, the deep hermeneutical comprehension is...
|
|
| |
|
|
Système de la Mode by Roland Barthes: Critique of the Model and Limits of Application
Lorencová, Petra ; Šafaříková, Radana (advisor) ; Fišerová, Michaela (referee)
In this thesis we will try to explain and clarify the main concepts of R. Barthes's semiological method introduced in his book Système de la Mode. The key moments of his model will be confronted with critique of other authors such as J. Culler, T. Todorov or D. N. Rodowick. The principal aim of Barthes's book is to create a precise method which would lead the structural analysis of women's clothing described by fashion magazines. The author believes, that vestimentary features presented in fashion magazines are constituted into a system of signification. Barthes's main intention has been to reconstitute this system of meaning and to create a classification of written garment using linguistic approach and procedures. After considering the critique of the above-mentioned authors, we will try to apply Barthes's concepts to some examples of written garment, taken from current fashion magazines, in order to better understand author's semiological project.
|
guest ::
