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From Descates' Mind to Kant's Reason
Dekastello, Petr ; Hill, James (advisor) ; Palkoska, Jan (referee)
The basic subject-matter of my research is R. Descartes' Meditations On First Philosophy and I examine the term intellect and its position within the mind and its relation to thought. My work includes a study of sensation and imagination which provide the intellect with "material" to judge. The objective of my thesis is to demonstrate the role the intellect plays in terms of reason and to present an interpretation of the way in which the mind is designated in relation to reason according to Rene Descartes in his writing and in his responses to objections. The position and functions of the intellect are understood as a logical structure of mutual dependence and as the elements essential for the understanding of the human soul substance. At the end of my thesis I demonstrate that the system of reason of R. Descartes might be considered as the basis for the transcendental conception of reason in Kant's philosophy, which leads to an idealistic world conception and is founded on thinking a priori. Powered by TCPDF (www.tcpdf.org)
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Selected motives of Greek thinking in Nietzsche's philosophy
Fodorová, Aneta ; Rybák, David (advisor) ; Hogenová, Anna (referee)
This thesis observes chosen Greek motives through the eyes of a very special German philosopher of the nineteenth century Friedrich Nietzsche. The main aim, more specifically speaking, is to introduce Nietzsche's understanding of the Greek culture and thinking and to follow Nietzsche in his inpiration and intergration of Greek ideas into his own philosophy. There is an emphasis put on the revelation of Nietzsche's problematic understanding and grabbing of Greek thoughts, which happen to be very frequent. What is crucial for this paper is a thorough interpretation of individual motives and their position in Nietszche's philosophy. The focal thoughts are the following: apollinian and dionysian art, relationship between Socrates and Plato as well as of Nietzsche and Herakleitos, and the concept of overman. The impact of Nietzsche's understanding the Greeks in today's society is also taken into consideration. Key words Art, Apollon, Dionysos, Socrates, life, Zarathustra, the eternal recurrance of the same, game, fire, child, overman, agon
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The relation between man and community in Plato's Republic
Felix, Filip ; Špinka, Štěpán (advisor) ; Jirsa, Jakub (referee)
The main aim of this work is to grasp the relation between man and city in Plato's Republic. In order to fulfill it, it will be necessary to investigate the problem of unity of soul and city. To what extent can we understand this unity? The question can also be placed as follows: Can a man truly be himself and if so, what this identity is based on? Is the perfect city internally united? What part does a man play in it? To answer these questions, it is necessary to explore parts of the soul, the concept of virtues, the relationship of body and soul and to characterize city and its parts. I will emphasize the role of philosopher because he represents harmony of virtues in the highest degree and the rule of reason over other parts of the soul. He also makes the perfect city possible. This is why philosopher as a perfect man is the explanation of the constitutive and reciprocal relation between man and city.
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Selected aspects of the development of liberalism
Novosadová, Hana ; Stracený, Josef (advisor) ; Kubišová, Zuzana (referee)
The thesis of this work is a treatise on liberalism in general firstly, what contains the etymology of the word liberalism. There are explained the beginnings of this orientation, dating back to ancient times and Middle Ages. The description of the beginnings of liberalism in England follows. The historical events of the time, which played an important role in the birth of liberalism, are accented. Liberalism is based on certain principles as well as any other social or political theory and in this work this principles are enriched especially by ideas of John Locke. Liberalism reached its height in England in the nineteenth century when it defended its leading position. Liberalism is not only social and political orientation but it plays an important role in economy also. It supports free trade without state's interventions and it promotes private enterprise. Although liberalism was often criticized by church representatives and particularly by Conservatives, liberal ideas are still current. Liberal Democrats are the third-largest party in the House of Commons in Great Britain. They have made a coalition government together with the Conservatives since 2010. Key words: Liberalism, individuality, freedom, reason, justice, tolerance
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Kant and Husserl on Transcendental Character of Experience
Trnka, Jakub ; Moural, Josef (advisor) ; Karásek, Jindřich (referee) ; Novotný, Karel (referee)
The aim of the thesis is to examine both Husserl's and Kant's transcendentalism in a way that would avoid the tendency to put the main accent on Husserl, which is an approach common to almost all literature dealing with this topic so far. Since it is for the most part Husserl's own critique of Kant that inspires such ongoing underestimation of Kant in comparison to Husserl, this work focuss on the question of the legitimacy of this critique. The core of the thesis is an original interpretation of Kant's transcendental philosophy which, instead of taking for granted the phenomenological point of view, attempts to describe Kant's philosophical enterprise from its own perspective and in its own right. In its second part, the thesis provides a brief description of how Husserl, starting initially from the position of descriptive psychology, arrives at a transcendental dimension. When so put side by side, it becomes evident that the two transcendental positions are in fact very different. Husserl's critique of Kant then appears as unjustified, even though quite understandable as an attempt to draw back from certain immature motives of his own philosophy.
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Philosophy as Passionate Interest
Strobachová, Ingrid ; Pinc, Zdeněk (advisor) ; Haškovcová, Helena (referee) ; Hogenová, Anna (referee)
The purpose of my dissertation is to analyze and further elaborate upon its main topic: the questions that are of a mutual deep interest to both medicine and philosophy. The dissertation has three parts. In the first part, I will introduce some of the key terms that will be used throughout the text. The second part, central to my work, is concerned with three possibilities that are offered to us - play and playing, dream and dreaming, poetic being - all become the places where comprehending, listening (to both the speech and the silence) and responding materialize. Playing, dreaming, poetic being - each offers our daily reality the beauty of transcending its borders without destroying them; in fact, they become a free spirited, passionate interest that enhances and makes valuable the ordinariness and finiteness of our daily lives. Freedom and Responsibility; I and the Other Person; Illness and Hope - each having its physical aspect and each being considered through the dimensions of seriousness and unseriousness, reason and unreason - will be rethought through playing, dreaming and poetic being, providing new insights of an engaged, passionate practice of philosophy and medicine. The third part, concerned with application on the two areas - I, the Child, and the Parenthood; and the Therapist and...
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Unamuno's religion (in reference to the Tragic sense of life and Saint Manuel Good, martyr)
Kotuľáková, Lívia ; Sánchez Fernández, Juan Antonio (advisor) ; Kazmar, Vít (referee)
(in English): Religion has an important role in the work of Miguel de Unamuno. This bachelor thesis deals with Unamuno's understanding of religion, mainly in works The Tragic Sense of Life in Men and Nations and in Saint Emmanuel the Good, Martyr. In thesis is present description of theoretical conception of Unamuno's religion, which is based on terms as inmortality of human soul, struggle between reason and faith and faith creating God as it's object. In my work is also mentioned a conception of religion in Unamuno's narrative work, Saint Emmanuel the Good, which is compared to theoretical ideas contained in The Tragic Sense of Life. The religion is pointed up as a connecting element between Unamuno's theoretical (or essayist) work and his narrative work. Emphasis is placed also on an importance of author's personal experience with religion. In thesis is also included a brief description of thinking of few philosophers and thinkers, which influenced on Unamuno or they had similar religious opinions as he did. In thesis is pointed up either parallelism or difference between opinions of Unamuno and these thinkers. There is a little space dedicated to The First Vatican Council, which introduced into catholic doctrine several important doctrines, which were critized by Unamuno.
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