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Politics of National Reconciliation within Anti-Francoist Opposition until the Transition to Democracy
Hloch, David ; Mejstřík, Martin (advisor) ; Urban, Traian (referee)
The bachelor thesis presented here deals with the developments and circumstances accompanying the phenomenon of the national reconciliation policy in Spain between the years 1955 through 1975. It aims to answer a question to what a degree these conciliatory endeavours proved to be successful, i. e. what their actual outcomes were, but it also deals with the impacts of these endeavours upon the Spanish society after the dictatorship's fall. The thesis is conceived as a case study whose contents are represented by the theoretic delimitation of the notions related to the issue of a divided society and its reconciliation, the introduction of the key players active in the reconciliation process, and, last but not least, the tracking of the development itself of the process, using the example of the behaviours displayed by the Communist Party and the Catholic Church. The thesis demonstrates that these conciliatory endeavours actually were successful, whereas their impact upon the subsequent development of the Spanish society was indeed substantial, as it resulted directly in the adoption of the oblivion pact policy. Even this finding can be perceived as being somewhat questionable though, since the crimes and the victims of the war and dictatorship period have failed to be acknowledged just because of it.
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What preceded the Prague Spring? Diversification in the Communist Party between 1954-1968.
Škvarkovská, Tatiana ; Charvát, Jan (advisor) ; Mlejnek, Josef (referee)
The main aim of this thesis is development on the field of Czechoslovak political scene, especially in Communist Party of Czechoslovakia between years 1953-1969. One of the main characteristics of this period is partial easing of policy, which led political groups and movements, which were interested in cooperation with the main party, to form and represent themselves.The main focus of this thesis falls on the biggest and the most significant groups, which could be regarded to as the opposition, but also on the groups formed directly in the Communist Party, which had actual influence on policy making. The thesis is divided into 6 main chapters. It focuses on ideology of the party, its formation and power acquiring in the beginning. Next chapters are about changes in 1953 and the following period, because the year itself was a great milestone in the communist era not only in Czechoslovakia but also in other countries of USSR. Next chapters main focus is on mostly political groups not only in the Communist Party. The summary of the researched events is in the end of the thesis.
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Augusto Pinochet's Quest for Power; Chilean Coup 1973
Kunická, Tereza ; Raška, Francis (advisor) ; Pečenka, Marek (referee)
This thesis examines Chilean events and development which led to the military coup and consequent establishment of authoritarian regime directed by Augusto Pinochet in September 1973. The regime used strong repressive policy and there were wide human rights abuse in the country; on the other hand, Pinochet was instrumental in economic stabilization of the state which is the base of contemporary economic situation: Chile is one of the most developed countries in Latin America. Taking into consideration the main aim of this thesis, which is defining the most essential factors leading to successful course of the coup and takeover by Pinochet, significant part of the thesis concentrates on development in Chile at the beginning of the 70's, domestic policy of Allende's regime and general political situation in the country, which is necessary to be aware of for understanding following course of events. Another part offers an overview of events that immediately influenced insurgent atmosphere in the army, an analysis of the coup, which led to the fall of Allende's regime and takeover by Pinochet, can be found in this part as well. Last but not least there are specified the factors which were significant for the positive course of the coup; a relevant part dedicates to the American influence over the...
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Everyday Persecution. Secret Police and the Opposition in Czechoslovakia in the 1970s and 1980s.
Hošek, Jakub ; Pullmann, Michal (advisor) ; Vilímek, Tomáš (referee)
This bachelor thesis deals with clashing of Secret Police and opposition in Czechoslovakia in the 1970s and 1980s. The aim of this thesis is to plastically take down different forms of this collisions and also strategies, which were chosen by both involved sides and to suggest when creation of personal relations among members of both sides could occur. Submitted thesis bears on sources from the Secret Police provenance, materials and texts, which originated in inside of opposition and interviews with participants as well. All of it is supported by research and quoting of secondary literature. The first part consists of description of strategies, which the Secret Police applied against opposition. The description of how these strategies were projected into lives of opposition members is given in the second part of this thesis. In the third part defence mechanisms, which were created by opposition against repressions from the Secret Police are explained and the fourth part deals with human relations among members of Secret Police and dissidents. Key words: Secret Police, opposition, dissent, Charter 77, everyday life, persecution
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Opposition "homo - animal" in language. Contribution to the Czech linguistic picture of the world
Šťastná, Lucie ; Vaňková, Irena (advisor) ; Bozděchová, Ivana (referee)
This diploma thesis aims to contribute to the research of the Czech language picture of the world. It is based on fundamental theoretical and methodological resources of cognitive and cultural linguistics and focuses on the opposition of "man - animal", or "human - animal", in the Czech language, aiming to illustrate the way in which zooappellatives (animal names) relate to the reality of the human world. The most extensive part of the thesis is based mainly on an analysis of Czech dictionary material (etymological, reference, synonym and phraseological dictionaries), as well as comparing the scientific (biological) classification of animals to the categorization in natural language. In regard to the category ANIMAL, the thesis establishes four basic domains constituting the category's conceptual model (framework): "the place where the animal lives", "physical traits", "the animal's behaviour" and "relation to man". The thesis also includes questionnaire-based research that focuses on analysing the way in which speakers of the Czech language understand the category ANIMAL, and attempts to determine whether they regard some animals as more protypical than others.
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Hegemony struggle according to KSČ
Bruna, Jaroslav ; Vilímek, Tomáš (advisor) ; Slačálek, Ondřej (referee)
(in English) The author tries to describe the transformation of the Communist Party of Czechoslovakia in relation to itself and the surrounding environment, especially in the period from 17th November to 21st December 1989. He will use primarily the articles from Rudé právo and a stenographic record of the unscheduled session of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of Czechoslovakia on 24th and 26th November 1989 which was published under the name Poslední hurá. He considers it appropriate to put into context the events of November and December 1989, with political development in Czechoslovakia in January, at the turn of June and July, and in October 1989. This analysis attempt will be based on the principles of general linguistics of Ferdinand de Saussure and discourse theory of Ernesto Laclau and Chantal Mouffe. The combination of hegemonic analysis and deconstruction will be used as a method of workflow. When analyzing the transformation of the Communist Party of Czechoslovakia, the author attempts to rely primarily on three principles deriving from discourse theory. The identity is not a fixed essence but it is created in the political struggles of the content of specific concepts. There have been attempts to fully fixate the identity of individuals, groups, society. But the identity is...
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A. Pinochet Dictatorship - rise to power and the end of his career
Husáková, Gabriela ; Charvát, Jan (advisor) ; Machart, Filip (referee)
Bachelor thesis "A. Pinochet Dictatorship - rise to power and the end of his career" focuses on the coup in 1973 and the establishment of democratic regime, as well as its downfall and subsequent democratization process with emphasis on the role that General Augusto Pinochet played this period of Chilean history. With respect to the main objective of this work, that is to introduce the method and conditions which onset Pinochet to power and his influence on foreign and domestic policy, major part of the work is focused primarily on the conditions and the course of a military coup, internal and external policies, the constitution of 1980 and the subsequent plebiscite in 1988, which caused Pinochet's downfall. Following part is dedicated to the role of the opposition, the description of campaigns for the plebiscite and developments during the period of democratization, when Pinochet gradually withdraws from the political sphere. The first part deals with the Chilean political system before the onset of dictatorship, including a description of the Allende's government, whose problems caused the military coup and the formal incorporation of Pinochet's regime, according to political scientist Juan Linz. Further the regime itself is specified, especially the economic and foreign policy of the regime. The...
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Dispute over the third resistance
Konopásek, Štěpán ; Slačálek, Ondřej (advisor) ; Polášek, Martin (referee)
Thesis is focused on the analysis of public debate which occured in context of adoption of the Act on anti-communist resistance. In the first part, there is prepared background for the summary chapter about the current state of research in the field of anti-communist resistance and opposition between 1948 and 1989, as well as reminded leading terminological and normative discussions of this issue. The following part is focused on the analysis of the discourses of actors within the dispute over the third resistance. There are examined attitudes of political parties, as well as memory conflict between the 1950s' anti-communist resistance actors and the 1970s and 1980s dissidents. Keywords Czechoslovakia, opposition, resistance, communist regime, Act on anti-communist resistance
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Iranian religious and conservative sphere on the web
Beranová, Lucie ; Šisler, Vít (advisor) ; Stříbrná, Adriana (referee)
The aim of this thesis is to investigate and identify the present status of the internet as a platform for the presentation of conservative political and religious groups in today's Iran. In its first part, a brief historical survey is presented, suggesting that the internet was initially perceived by these groups with suspicion. The thesis then proceeds to explore how all of them have gradually embraced the internet as a tool to achieve their particular goals. In a detailed central section, the thesis explores the structure and content of the web presentation of important Shia institutions and clerics, religious students, the Revolutionary Guards, and influential conservative weblogs offered by individuals. The analysis of their content hopes to provide an insight into the methods used to target the audience and also to demonstrate the diversity of opinion and degree of internal strife among these groups and their supporters. On the basis of this research, the final part of the essay concludes that the internet is both a new and indispensable tool of analysis for current Iranian politics and society, providing a previously hidden insight into the immense diversity of opinion among pro-regime groups.
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