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Endometriosis, its aetiopathogenesis and influence on female's fertility
Selková, Katarína ; Daňková, Pavlína (advisor) ; Crha, Igor (referee)
Endometriosis is an estrogen-dependent disease of women of reproductive age. It is often considered as one of the main causes of female infertility. Its development and progression are influenced by several exogenous and endogenous factors. It is a heterogeneous disease and one of the most important tasks is to identify the candidate genes. That will allow us to better understand why and under what circumstances endometriosis develops. Because not all women with endometriosis are infertile, I focused in this thesis at selected candidate genes, their alleles and epigenetic dysregulation that could link endometriosis to infertility. From the available literature WNT4, HOXA gene cluster, ESR1, PGR, FN1, VETZ, GREB1 appear to play a major role in the pathogenesis of endometriosis. These genes also play an important role in various biological pathways and their dysregulation leads to low implantation / complete implantation failure, insufficient oogenesis, embryogenesis, and infertility in patients with endometriosis. Identification of genes whose dysregulation induces the development of endometriosis in the population is important, given the increasing incidence of endometriosis and infertility rates in recent years. With further research on pathogenesis of endometriosis it would be possible to make...
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Inhibins in reproduction
Babčová, Katarína ; Ulčová-Gallová, Zdeňka (advisor) ; Kužel, David (referee) ; Crha, Igor (referee)
Inhibin A and B participate to regulation of gametogenesis. We investigated their applicability as a marker of gametogenesis of men fertility disorders. We monitored the levels of inhibins during the treatment. We interested in their paracrine activity, relationship in sera, follicular fluid and seminal plasma depending on cause of fertility failure. We studied the levels of inhibin B in serum and seminal plasma from 355 men treated for fertility failure, in the context of their andrological and immunological findings (quality of spermiogrammes and acrosome area). We monitored concentration of levels of inhibin A and B in serum and follicular fluids depending on cause of fertility failure, on course and treatment outcome. We took blood samples in the time of the oocytes collection, of the embryotransfer and early pregnancy. The follicular fluids were obtained during the oocytes collection. The levels of both of inhibins were measured by ELISA in all medium (serum, follicular fluid, seminal plasma). We confirm, that inhibin B is useful marker of spermatogenesis in men, but is necessary to examine patient in complex with determination of immunology profile or quality of acrosome. Seminal plasma is, in some indicated cases, more suitable diagnostics material. Similarly inhibin B in women seems to be...
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Assisted reproduction from the perspective of the target groups
Lazárková, Gabriela ; Dobiášová, Karolína (advisor) ; Hejzlarová, Eva (referee)
This diploma thesis aims to describe policy design of assisted human reproduction in the Czech Republic in the frame of two examined groups: 1) women undergoing this procedure, 2) service providers. The goals are also to identify the policy framework of assisted human reproduction in the political environment. The theory background is supported by the theory of social construction of the target audience written by the authors Ingram and Schneider and the analysis of the framework by Rein and Schon. The legislation of assisted human reproduction is covered mostly in the period of 2011 - 2021. The analytical part of this work is based on systematic expert surveys, questionnaire surveys and analysis of stenographic records. The benefits and drawbacks arising from the legislations, political power and social constructions in relation to both examined groups are formulated in the paper's results. Furthermore, two competing policy frameworks are identified during the debate of amendments to the Act on Specific health Services and the Act on Public Health Insurance.
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Infertility experience: retrospective biographical reconstruction of now fertile women
Ulrichová, Eva ; Hájek, Martin (advisor) ; Spalová, Barbora (referee)
This master's thesis focuses on the retrospective biographical interviews with three now fertile women who as narrators retrospectively create their identities during the experience with the diagnosis and treatment of infertility. I also explored how the medical and social institution could lead to a change of identity of female infertility. This master's thesis is based on theory of Erving Goffman about patients in total institution: this theory supports the idea that total (medical) institution destroys the patient's original identity and then constructs new identity. The major result of this master's thesis found four different changes in woman's identity during the experience of infertility: identity of implicitly fertile woman and potential mother, denial of identity and the process of accepting a new identity, identity of infertile woman and patient's identity, and mother's identity. The changes of woman's identity are based on diagnostic phase. Therefore I decided to separate them into four various period in this research: pre-diagnostic, diagnostic, post-diagnostic and contra-diagnostic. I also found a difference between Goffman's theory and my results: Based on my research I concluded that the construction of identity of infertile women in the diagnostics and treatment of infertility is...
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Are assisted reproductive technologies a therapy of infertility?
Kůdelová, Marie ; Fošum, Jan (advisor) ; Sousedík, Prokop (referee)
This work "Is assisted reproduction a therapy for infertility?" deals with methods of assisted reproduction. The aim is not only to elucidate its techniques but also to open some difficult ethical questions. This work shows why we cannot regard assisted reproduction as a legitimite treatment for infertility and suggests alternative procedures. The first chapter is about the individual human life seen from the perspective of various sciences. The second chapter is about causes of infertility and about possibilities of its treatment. The third chapter deals with various methods of artificial reproduction. The following chapter is about ethical challenges related to these methods. The fifth chapter presents the standpoint of the magisterium of the Catholic Church. The final chapter tries to see fertility and parenthood from a larger perspective: the principal alternatives are substitute family care and spiritual parenthood. Keywords methods of assisted reproduction, infertility, parenthood, substitute family care, spiritual fertility
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The effect of maternal age on the level of DNA damage in oocytes
Koubovská, Markéta ; Šolc, Petr (advisor) ; Tlapáková, Tereza (referee)
Female germ cells are oocytes, whose number defines the length of the reproductive period. Besides quantity the quality of oocytes is also an important factor. The quality is not the same throughout whole life, but it decreases with increasing age. The loss of quality is mainly due to the accumulation of DNA damage. The most serious damage is considered to be double-strand breaks (DSBs) because of both DNA strands break and subsequent translocation or deletion. There are also products caused by reactive oxygen species, UV or γ radiation, modified DNA section or mismatch sequence. All these lesions are repaired by oocyte repair mechanisms. However, the older a woman is, the more gene expression of DNA repair genes is decreased. That is why the repair is not efficient and DNA damage is not removed. Higher age is associated with unsuccessful attempts to conceive, a higher risk of miscarriage or an ectopic pregnancy. To avoid the risks that pregnancy in old age represents, the reproductive ability has been lost. In humans, it ends around the age of 50 with so- called menopause.
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Womenś awareness of endometriosis in the Czech Republic
Fridrichová, Tereza ; Fanta, Michael (advisor) ; Černý, Andrej (referee)
The theme of my bachelor thesis is called "Awareness of women about endometriosis in the Czech Republic". The thesis consists of two parts - theoretical and practical. In the theoretical part, I deal with the anatomy and physiology of female genitals. The next chapter focuses directly on endometriosis. Contains subchapters related to with the characteristics, origin, clinical symptoms, diagnosis, treatment, etc. Last but not least, I focus on the role of the midwife in the care of a woman with endometriosis. In the practical part, I examined women's awareness of endometriosis. To collect the data, I used an anonymous quantitative questionnaire, which I shared using social networks. The questionnaire could be filled in by a woman of all ages living in the Czech Republic. 106 respondents took part in the research, who filled in a questionnaire in the period from 10 February 2020 to 9 March 2020. Before starting the practical part, I set out hypotheses that I was able to confirm or refute thanks to the obtained questionnaires. My main goal was to find out how many women know what is endometriosis. Based on this goal, I set a hypothesis, which was confirmed and that more than half of the respondents know the disease. Because these are the days one of the most common gynecological diseases, I assumed...
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Sperm centrioles and their role in reproduction
Vlčková, Monika ; Frolíková, Michaela (advisor) ; Liška, František (referee)
Centrioles are evolutionarily conserved protein structures composed of microtubules. In somatic cells, centrioles serve as the basal body of cilia and flagella and allow the assembly of pericentriolar material, thereby creating the centrosome. Without centrosome, animal cells are not capable of nuclear division. Centrioles do not arise de novo and their formation always requires the presence of a preexisting centriole. Since there are no centrioles in the egg at the time of fertilization, unlike spermatozoa, sperm is the carrier of centrioles and therefore all of the centrioles of the emerging organism are of paternal origin. There are two centrioles in the sperm - a cylindrical shape proximal and a distal one, which is perpendicular to the proximal. The sperm centrioles are the basis for the formation of the sperm flagellum and after fertilization form the mitotic spindle of the zygote, necessary for equal DNA and cell distribution. It follows from the above that the presence of centrioles in sperm is essential in mammals and defects in their structure may lead to male sterility or embryo development disorders. However, sperm centrioles differ from somatic centrioles in their structure and behavior and understanding these differences is one of the important tasks of reproductive biology.
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Effect of Type 2 diabetes on the mouse reproductive parametres
Stiborová, Martina ; Pěknicová, Jana (advisor) ; Nagyová, Eva (referee)
Infertility is defined as an inability to conceive a child within one year of regular sexual intercourse. It affects up to 15 % of couples worldwide (WHO, 2010). The male factor contributes to the total infertility with more than 50 %. Fertility of a man is influenced by several factors such as genetic background, environment and various diseases such as diabetes mellitus (DM). Diabetes mellitus is a serious health problem that affects 451 million people worldwide (18-99 years) and the number of people with this disease still increases (Cho a spol., 2018). In addition, parenthood is postponed to middle age when the fertility decreases and metabolic diseases such as type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM2) appear. The aim of this thesis was to investigate the effect of type 2 diabetes on reproductive parameters of mouse inbred line C57BL/6J compared to the control group and the possible effect of paternal diabetes on the first filial generation. In the evaluation of the effect of DM2 on reproductive parameters, we used innovative methods to study internal state of sperm and testes. Results of our work showed that DM2 influenced the weight of body, prostate and liver. The weight of testes, epididymis and liver was reduced in the offspring. Furthermore, sperm morphology and intraacrosomal protein status were...
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