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Radicalization of the Greek Society and the Rise of Political Extremism in Greece (2000-2012)
Karasová, Nikola ; Králová, Kateřina (advisor) ; Mejstřík, Martin (referee)
This essay describes the radicalization of the Greek society and the rise of the political extremism in Greece in the period of 2000-2012. In this time important changes could have been observed in the Greek political scene and in the society which were linked to the polarization of the electorate and the growth of populism, nationalism, euroscepticism, xenophobia and racism. As a result of modernizing efforts of Constantinos Simitis cabinet (1996-2004), which were related to the Greek ambition to become fully-fledged member of the EU and the Eurozone, under the influence of globalization, immigration crisis and finally the recent slump of the Greek economy, a new social conflict emerged in Greece. This essay analyzes these problems from the perspective of the cleavages theory by Seymour M. Lipset and Stein Rokkan and tries to find social and political roots of such conflict. The radicalization of the Greek society between 2000 and 2012 does not represent a new phenomenon, but is is a continuation of long-term ideological clashes present in the Greek social reality since the World WarI. After identifying the main cleavages in interwar and postwar period the essay identifies the main conflict of Greece after the fall of junta in 1974. Afterwards it confronts the new political issues of the period 2000-2012...
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Analysis of the impact of the conversion of printed newspapers to online versions of information on extremist groups
Křížová, Kristýna ; Trampota, Tomáš (advisor) ; Poštulka, Filip (referee)
KŘÍŽOVÁ, Kristýna, The impact of Internet Versions of Printed Newspapers on Information about Extremism, Faculty of Humanities, Charles University, Prague, 2010, diploma thesis ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Key words: electronic media, printed media, audience ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ The theoretical part of the work concerns the possible consequences of transforming printed media into electronic form with respect to the reporting of extremism. A cultural approach was selected which highlights the way in which the final form of a report and its interpretation is subject to cultural factors. The work draws on the Three Party Model of Communication Situations devised by Winfried Schulz, which models the mutual relationship between the three protagonists of an event - the main figures (representatives of extremist movements), journalists (mass media - Internet sites), and the audience (readership, recipients). Investigation of the possible interest of these three parties in information on extremism is considered on the basis of theories of critics of contemporary media. Interpretation reveals the difficulties associated with transforming the daily papers into electronic news sites and...
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The Pheonomenon of Contemporary Antifascism in the Czech Republic
Fiala, Michael ; Charvát, Jan (advisor) ; Just, Petr (referee)
Bachelor thesis deals with contemporary antifascism in the Czech republic and put it in whole historical context. It moves from general and historical determination of notions to concrete description of contemporary situation in the Czech republic. The final outcome is a description of contemporary czech antifascism, which is accentuated on Antifascist action, which became monopolistic on czech radical antifascist scene. In regard of a lack of higher volume of literature oriented on this topic, thesis uses also web sources and interview with members of Antifascist action, which is on enclosed CD-ROM phoneticly and qualitatively modified in the interest of interviewed. Thesis should serve as a supplement for a general analysis of so-called "political extremism" and as a "regulator" of wrong information mentioned by massmedia.
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Islam and the Russian state : a poststructuralist approach to analysing identity and policy discourse
Ferrando, Paolo ; Aslan, Emil (advisor) ; Šír, Jan (referee)
This thesis aims at identifying and analysing the basic discourses constructed around Russian Islam by both the Kremlin and the three leading Muslim organisations. Starting out from the largely poststructuralist premise that identity and policy are ontologically co-constitutive, the link between the two is explored in relation to three basic discourses and their articulation into two specific policies. The Russian Muslim Self is revealed to be discursively embraced by the Kremlin as part of Russian identity by emphasising the multinational nature of the latter, the cooperation between state and Muslim organisations against the common threat of extremism and the need for religiously defined moral values to be conferred on the younger generations. The identity produced by these discourses both articulates and is legitimised by policy and points to a constant renegotiation of how Russian Islam fits into the broader identity of the Russian state.
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The Elements Influencing the Degree of the Right-Wing Extremism in the Czech Republic after 1989
Vaníček, Pavel ; Charvát, Jan (advisor) ; Novák, Miroslav (referee)
Diploma thesis "The Elements Influencing the Degree of the Right-Wing Extremism in the Czech Republic after 1989" deals both with the general right-wing extremism, with its historical development and his particular ideologies, and concretely with the situation in the Czech Republic after the Velvet Revolution and with his reasons, as well, and with it related solutions, how the right-wing extremism utmost to eliminate. It is interesting and edifying to get knowledge of, how in the period of modernizing, also especially in the nineteenth century, the western society commuted itself and what impacts this epoch had upon the human thinking and self-awaking. What trains of thought this emancipation ended in and what influence this all had upon the world history. Starting with the nationalism, that had been the cause of the fascism and consequently of the Nazism, and ending with the neofascism and neo-Nazism. After the year 1989 all these phenomenons had naturally marked impact upon the formation of the modern Czech extreme right, as well. Of course, the mentioned phenomenons are not coming just by themselves. They are always, more or less, conditioned on something. And rightly these conditioning, let us say understating, elements the work is dealing with, too. As well as with the suggestions of positive solution...
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The Position of the Islamic Community of Bosnia and Herzegovina to Wahhabism between 1992 and 2016
Lalić, Jan ; Žíla, Ondřej (advisor) ; Tejchman, Miroslav (referee)
Wahhabi interpretation of Islam, which came to Bosnia and Herzegovina with the arrival of foreign fighters and humanitarian organizations from Islamic countries during the war between 1992 and 1995, developed a conflicting relationship with the local Islamic tradition. Diploma thesis The position of the Islamic Community of Bosnia and Herzegovina to Wahhabism between 1992 and 2016 uses a critical analysis of primary sources to explain development of the position of the official religious institution of Bosnian Muslims, the Islamic Community, to Wahhabism and its supporters since their arrival to the present. This paper shows that although the Islamic Community often seemed ambivalent in its approach, it took a negative stance to the alien religious tradition from the outset and even though its activities were inconsistent, the Islamic Community contributed to preventing the spread of Wahhabism in the country. Furthermore, we show that the position of the Islamic Community was rather determined by political needs than by religious incentives.
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Criminological Aspects of Hate Crime
Kočí, Daniel ; Kopečný, Zdeněk (advisor) ; Galovcová, Ingrid (referee)
Criminological Aspects of Hate Crime Abstract The purpose of this thesis on the topic of the Criminological Aspects of Hate Crime is to present a concise summary of essential and available information on the issue of these crimes and to highlight specifics of these criminal activities from other types of crime. The thesis is divided into ten chapters according to the selected thematic areas. The first chapter is focused on concept of hate crime and its characteristic. This chapter offers various conceptions of hate crime, its definitions, brief history, development and description of spreading of this concept. A common feature of the definitions of hate crime mentioned in this thesis is that hate crime is a crime committed by the offender due to some strongly negative emotion, which this offender has towards variously defined groups of the population. The second chapter describes the forms of hate crimes in terms of the nature of the offender's conduct and in terms of the offender's motivational background. The third chapter provides an overview of the legal regulation of hate crime in the Czech Republic and in the selected countries (USA, Canada and FRG). The end of this chapter contains a comparison of the legislation of the Czech Republic with the legislation of the selected countries. The fourth chapter...
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Czech Militias: Motivations for Walking to the Edge
Kerhart, Miroslav ; Kocmanová, Markéta (advisor) ; Ludvík, Jan (referee)
A primary objective of this thesis is to identify, understand and explain motivations that lead individuals to join the National Militia. National Militia (Národní Domobrana) is a Czech paramilitary organisation that emerged in 2015 as a reaction to migration crisis and growing fear of "Islamisation". Shortly after its establishment, in July 2016, the organisation claimed to have over 2,500 members and began to regularly organise border patrols, military-like drills, but also political manifestations, openly criticising Czech foreign and domestic policies. Utilizing ethnographic methods of inquiry, the researcher conducted 11 semi-structured interviews with members of National Militia. In the subsequent analysis, the research identifies a set of push and pull factors as being most influential in individual's decision-making process, eventually being completed by a personal factor. Secondary findings identify also elementary demographical data, shared personality traits and militiamen mindset. From academical point of view, this study provides the reader with foundational data, necessary for further research, as the phenomenon is heavily understudied in Czech context. The specific contribution of the research resides not only in identifying the motivations, but also in offering the explanation for...
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Criminological Aspects of Hate Crime
Vlček, Vítězslav ; Kopečný, Zdeněk (advisor) ; Galovcová, Ingrid (referee)
Criminological Aspects of Hate Crime Abstract Hate crime refers to a set of crimes committed for a prejudicial motive against a group of people for their essential personality characteristics such as nationality, religion, or sexual orientation. Topicality of the issue stems from the fact that related social phenomena such as racism, xenophobia, radicalisation, or discrimination of minorities are far from being satisfactorily dealt with even in Western society. The fundamental goal of this thesis is to provide the reader with a comprehensive criminological view of hate crimes in the territory of the Czech Republic. Main findings include the following: the concept of hate crime is not unified in theory nor legislation in terms of protected characteristics, which negatively translates into research and policy of hate crime. The quantity of registered crime is in the order of less than 200 crimes per year, its trend is downward, and its structure is predominantly non-violent; unfortunately, it is also accompanied by high latency. The Czech perpetrator is usually male and a repeat offender, in early adulthood, with a basic education and without a factual relationship to extremist groups. Victims of violent forms of hate crime are, in principle, suffering more intense harm (especially psychological) than victims...
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Motivating Factors for Radicalization in Balkan Muslim-Majority Countries
Vlk, Jonáš ; Aslan, Emil (advisor) ; Kuľková, Miroslava (referee)
The topic of religious radicalization in the Balkans is gaining attention among academia in recent years. However, motivational factors of radicalization in the region still remain rather under-researched. Furthermore, comprehensive research focusing particularly on the motivational factors of Islamist radicalization in the Muslim-majority countries of the Balkans - countries with a specific context and background unique in the wider Europe - hasn't been yet carried out. This paper thus elaborates on the motivational factors of radicalization in the Muslim-majority countries of the Balkans, which is Bosnia and Herzegovina, Albania and Kosovo, by applying generally-known factors of radicalization to this specific theatre. Predominantly secondary sources as well as documents issued by the OSCE which maintains field presence in all of the abovementioned countries are utilized in order to provide a thorough overview of motivational factors of radicalization in each of the selected countries. These are discussed respectively in corresponding chapters. Individual chapters are in dialogue with each other following the same methodology and structure, focusing on similar issues. A comprehensive overview of the motivational factors of radicalization in Balkan Muslim-majority countries is thus presented. Applying the...
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