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The importance of dung beetles for the renovation of the cattle pasture sward
JANOVSKÝ, Jindřich
This theses focuses on the importance of coprophagous beetles for dung decomposition and restoration of grass in the cattle pastures. Diversity of coprophagous beetles was measured using special traps in four cattle pastures at the family farm in western Bohemia. The measurement was provided 3 times in May 2014, August 2014 and September 2013 during one-week sampling periods. In total, 444 specimens of 22 species was collected. Caught species belonged to the family Scarabaeidae and Hydrophilidae. The beetles belonged to the functional group, " dwellers ". The greatest influence on the grass restoration have tunneling species. However, these were not caught on pastures. The highest abundance was detected in May with 379 species. In this period, there was significantly higher abundance of small and large non-tunneling kinds and of Hydrophilidae compared to September (P<0.05). Abundance of Scarabaeidae did not differ significantly (P>0.05) between August and September. The greatest significance for the functional decomposition of dung in a pasture can be expected due to a large Aphodius rufipes species which may be present in the feces in a large number at the end of summer.
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Dominance of different groups of animals in terrestrial ecosystems
Matysová, Barbora ; Storch, David (advisor) ; Tropek, Robert (referee)
There are some beliefs about the abundance and biomass of different animal groups, which persist in general awareness. At the same time, the ideas of the general public relate to the influence and importance of the animals for an ecosystem. The aim of this paper is to make sure that these assumed concepts of dominating entities are based on truth or if they are only mistaken rumors, and to answer the following questions: whether the biomass of large herbivores or termites is significant in the tropics, what is their influence on decomposition of vegetation matter; if the biomass of all ants actually exceeds the biomass of all people in the world; whether the abundance of prey and predators is stable across ecosystems; if there are more herbivores in tropical or cold ecosystems; or when predominant abundance of ants or termites is present in tropical ecosystems. Responses are gained through the extensive collection of abundance and animal biomass data from expert articles and publications. In order to be verifiable as well as the stability of the given ratios over the years,there were used data from the oldest traceable materials about 80 years old to the current data from current works. In addition to biomass and abundance values, attention is also paid to the methods used by scientists to collate...
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Bird territory Jaroslavické rybníky and it's use in natural history class
Sobotková, Petra ; Andreska, Jan (advisor) ; Hanel, Lubomír (referee)
The main theme of my bachelor's thesis is about Bird territory Jaroslavické rybníky, and itś use in natural history class. The work is divided to two parts - theoretical and practical. At the beginning of the theoretical part, I am describing Znojmo district where Jaroslavické rybníky are found. In chapter two I am clarifying ecological concepts, which needs to be known for the following chapter about pond ecosystem and its importance in the nature. The fifth part of my work is about history of fish breeding in Morava, because ponds are often associated with it. Sixth chapter is focused on history of Jaroslavické rybníky, and the following chapter describes bird region Jaroslavické rybníky. Second, pracitical part of the thesis includes suggestions for landscaping practise and work lists associated to them. The lists comprise ecology, zoology and botany. These field exercises are designed for Javorické rybníky and their surroundings. Worksheets are intended primaly for students of second stage of elementary schools, or can be eventually used for repetition of basic knowledge of biology for students of high school. This bachelor thesis is meant to be an inspiration and source of information not only for teachers, but for all who are interested in nature and biology.
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Forest evolution in Central Europe during the Holocene periode
Švábová, Barbora ; Šefrna, Luděk (advisor) ; Matějček, Tomáš (referee)
The work deals with the forest as an ecosystem where relationships take place, which are influenced by abiotic and biotic factors. Great attention is paid to the climate, which affects not only the distribution of biomes. Its constant changes have an impact on the species composition of forests and human society. By the effects of the climate, the Holocene period was divided into sub-stages. Man also played a significant role in the conversion of the central Europe forest and changes it even now. That is why this work devotes a considerable part of it to this influence. Great changes of the forest began with the emergence of agriculture, which was the first impulse for the beginning of deforestation. Examined are the ways of prehistoric and modern economy. With the loss of trees came an idea of protecting the forests. As an example of possible further effect on the forest, the influence of some pathogens is presented.
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Assessment of the impact of wind calamity from November 19, 2004 on the nature of the High Tatra Mountains
Vosátková, Veronika ; Lipský, Zdeněk (advisor) ; Matějček, Tomáš (referee)
The aim of this study is to bring a light into the situation of wind calamity which happened 19.11.2004. After the physicographical analysis of this locality, I will try to bring the whole picture of this catastrophe, its causes and mostly consequences left on the tatra nature. I will pay special attention to regeneration of the country and following steps in dealing with this calamity because of two different opinions on the picture of Tatras. Finally, I will discuss future progress in Tatra mountains and i will try to answer the question, whether was a worse catastrophe a wind calamity or human intervention in this locality afterwards.
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Functional diversity in ecological communities
Džamba, Roman ; Hořák, David (advisor) ; Doležal, Jiří (referee)
Functional diversity is an important component of biodiversity. Value and range of functional traits and the number and composition of functional types are crucial for the short and long term functioning of ecosystems. Functional traits of species affect their performance in ecosystems and we can classify them as continuous or discontinuous. It has been suggested many ways to choose the appropriate traits and functional differences between species in estimating functional diversity. It is necessary to consider the nature and importance of ecosystem processes and environmental factors and consider properties of employed methodological approaches. There are many ways to estimate functional diversity. Functional diversity can be expressed by the number of functional groups, functional index or functional dendrograms. In natural communities, we see a positive relationship between species and functional diversity. Species diversity doesn't seem to be an adequate surrogate for functional diversity because the loss of an equal number of species may have different effects on the ecosystem, depending on the identity of the species. Functional redundancy refers to the functional similarity in the ecological niches occupation and is a source of stability in the ecosystem functioning.
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Ecology in lighting
Špidlík, Jan ; Štěpánek, Jaroslav (referee) ; Krbal, Michal (advisor)
This bachelor’s thesis is focused on introduction to ecology in lighting technology. There are briefly described individual light sources and chemical substance used in the manufacture of components. For clarity is amount of toxic mercury in each light source displayed in well-arranged picture. Thesis is also focused on the influence of lighting technology in the environment and impact on the ecosystem. Closer look is made upon influence of mercury on environment and human life and also overall influence of mining metals and its devastating consequences for ecosystem. This work also deals with post processing of light sources by collective systems.
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Evaluation of ecotoxicity of selected pharmaceuticals
Weiss, Jan ; Dvořáková, Dagmar (referee) ; Zlámalová Gargošová, Helena (advisor)
In recent years consumption of drugs and thus the quantity of their residues in natural ecosystems is increasing. It is necessary to deal with their possible negative effects on the environment. This thesis is focused on the ecotoxicological evaluation of pharmaceuticals. Diclofenac and ibuprofen from the group of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory substances, penicillin G and ampicillin from the group of antibiotics were tested. Mainly tests on aquatic organisms were used to evaluate of ecotoxicity, because the tested pharmaceuticals are predominantly occurred in the aquatic environment. Daphnia magna, Thamnocephalus platyurus, Artemia salina, Sinapis alba, Lemna minor, and Brachionus calyciflorus were used as testing organisms. Values of LC50, EC50 and IC50 were determinated and the ecotoxicity of pharmaceuticals was compared.
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Bioindicators - their role in the evaluation of environment
Winklerová, Lucie ; Doležalová Weissmannová, Helena (referee) ; Zlámalová Gargošová, Helena (advisor)
This thesis deals with the use of plant and animal bioindicators in an evaluation of the state of the environment. Bioindicators are divided in this work according to ecosystem for which they are used into bio indicators of terrestrial and of water ecosystem. Furthermore, they are divided according to groups of analytes, which are indicated by means of them. In the work the attention is paid to selected elements of risk, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and polychlorinated biphenyls. The presence of these xenobiotics in the environment is particularly influenced by human activities. First of all individual industrial and automobile transports are permanent sources of contamination of the ecosystem with these xenobiotics. Considerable influence on the ecosystem pollution with organic and inorganic contaminants had also an injudicious application of certain fertilizers in agricultural production. The importance of bioindication and bioindicators is big. They help us not only assess the presence of xenobiotic in the environment, the development of its occurrence and sources of pollution, but they are also necessary in the evaluation of its biological effect, and responses and mechanisms of the organism which are induced by it. Biomonitoring is now an essential part of environmental protection by reason of monitoring the presence and the transport of contaminants.
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