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Evaluation of Biological Efficiency of Pilot Installation of Biodynamic Lighting in a Retirement Home
Halászová, Andrea ; Bendová, Zdeňka (advisor) ; Jelínková, Dana (referee)
Many actions we observe in nature show some kind of regularity, therefore we call them rhytms. Rhytms with a period of approximately 24 hours, so called circadian rhytms, can be distinguished in many physiological processes, with the sleep-wake cycle being one of the most prominent ones. Light is the main exogenous circadian synchronizator and thanks to the circadian rhytm influence on physiological function, it's also often spoken about an influence of light on the entire organism. Nowadays, when we spend most of the day indoors under artificial light, we often suffer from a lack of natural daylight and its synchronizing potential. This is even more prominent in elderly population living in nursing homes and in other social facilities. Lately, a new type of lighting, so called biodynamic, has been introduced. Biodynamic lighting can simulate changes in natural light conditions throughout the day and therefore partially compensate for the lack of natural daylight we suffer from, and also minimize risks of the night light. In this study we aimed to test changes in the circadian system of seniors living in the Retirement Home of TGM in Beroun using questionnaires and circadian markers. We have shown a positive effect of the installed biodynamic lighting on our participants' circadian markers and...
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Influence of intestinal microbiota on development of neurodegenerative diseases
Hakenová, Kristina ; Valeš, Karel (advisor) ; Vodička, Martin (referee)
Aging is associated with natural biological changes, which result in a decrease in the functional capacity of the body, which is also accompanied by an increased incidence of inflammatory processes that contribute to the development of neurodegeneration. The intestinal microbiota and its interaction with the intestine and the central nervous system play a key role in maintaining the function of biological homeostatic systems at an older age. This opens the possibility of influencing or modifying human microbiota for the development of therapeutic strategies. Based on the analysis of stool samples by HPLC MS / MS, the study confirmed the effect of selected probiotics on the modification of metabolic pathways and the proper functioning of the microbiota per se. The greatest effects were observed on tyrosine metabolism, tryptophan metabolism, arachidonic acid metabolism and bile acid biosynthesis metabolism. A positive effect of selected probiotic bacteria was found in the memory component of cognitive functions. Significant improvements were observed in verbal learning and verbal memory. In subjects with mild cognitive impairment, the progression of cognitive deficit has been slowed. Significant improvement was also observed for executive functions. These findings were not followed by a subjective...
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Manual for Journalists: How to Work With Disinformation
Novotná, Barbora ; Poljakov, Nikita (advisor) ; Osvaldová, Barbora (referee)
This Bachelor's thesis focuses on disinformation and ways how to tackle it. In the beginning, the theoretical part introduces definitions of the fundamental terms, such as disinformation, misinformation, malinformation, and fake news, whose knowledge is crucial when working with this matter. Further, it describes the Czech disinformation scene in contrast to analyzes of the code of ethics of Czech mainstream online media, which are compared with a code of British public broadcasting company BBC. The theoretical part is also dedicated to the key topics for its practical part. Among those is knowledge of disinformation of Czech journalists and cognitive functions of the human's brain which have a significant influence on sharing false information. The practical part consists handbook for junior journalists which, apart from the theoretical part, is based on interviews with more than ten Finnish journalists, and experts on disinformation and media education. This handbook is divided into ten chapters, alias ten commandments, which brings journalists theoretical knowledge as well as practical tips for work with disinformation. A part of this handbook is also a working sheet designed for high school, which can be used during classes of media education, accompanied by an auxiliary sheet for teachers, and video of...
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Screening of executive function impairment in alcohol users from the point of view of addictologist
Votavová, Aneta ; Šťastná, Lenka (advisor) ; Miovský, Michal (referee)
Background: Long-term regular alcohol consumption poses a real risk of impairing executive functions. An addictologist, as a specialist health care professional, should be able to create and screen executive functions from his or her professional position through a test battery. Based on the performed screening, subsequently evaluate the state of these functions in the given patients. Aim: Creating the design of the test battery of executive, or cognitive, functions that an adjunct scientist has in his remit. Validation of this test battery and its sensitivity to picking up any potential deficit in executive and cognitive function. Perform anamnestic description of selected adjunct patients, dependent on alcohol. Evaluating the effectiveness of the test battery created and recommending it if appropriate by a future research investigation. Methods: The data was obtained through a created test battery. The test battery was made up of International Physical Activity Questionnaire, Beck Depression Inventory, Beck Anxiety Inventory, Trail Making Test, Addenbrooke's Cognitive Examination, Barthel Index, The Lawton Instrumental Activities of Daily Living Scale and Dysexecutive Questionnare. The entire aunt battery was supplemented with an anamnestic sheet, helping to make up the patient's image. The...
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Efficiency of the Cognitive Training Program Feuerstein's Instrumental Enrichment for People with Parkinson's Disease
Plzáková, Vladimíra ; Soukupová, Tereza (advisor) ; Lucká, Barbora (referee)
The objective of the study was to assess the effectiveness of the Feuerstein's Instrumental Enrichment training (FIE) in respondents with Parkinson's disease (PD) in comparison with another type of cognitive training. The specific aim of the study was to verify whether there were differences between the effectiveness of the FIE and the training of the individual cognitive domains for cognitive functions in respondents with PD. The study included patients with PD who underwent an examination by a neuropsychological battery before the beginning of the training in order to evaluate the level of cognitive functions. Based on the demographic characteristics and the overall score in the Mattis Dementia Rating Scale-II (DRS-II), the respondents (n = 24) were randomly divided into two research groups. The experimental group (EXP) trained using the FIE method for 60 minutes once a week during three months. The control group (CON) trained the individual cognitive domains. After the cognitive training the respondents were examined again in order to detect changes of the level of each one of the cognitive functions. The examination revealed significant differences in the first and the second phases of testing in the EXP respondents (n = 12) in the level of current anxiety (p = 0.024), memory for non-verbal...
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Elderly driver as a traffic risc personality
Sedlák, Emil ; Matuchová, Eva (referee) ; Schmeidler, Karel (advisor)
The goal of this thesis is to determine the current risk factors for individuals who are 65 years or older and using public transportation. The theoretical portion contains comments from literary sources which deal with transportation phychology with a focus on lower the cognitive abilities and psycho-motor skills and their effect as Well as the assistance features of cars. The analytical portion describes the future development of an aging population, ratings of statistics showing the accident proneness of senior citizens, examples of accidents, and casuistry from transport psychologist workplace. An analysis of the results from measuring reaction time of seniors and to compare it with younger generations. The final portion is dedicated to solutions that may be able to contribute to lower the number of accidents involving seniors of public transportation grounds.
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Training of cognitive functions in patients after cerebrovascular accident
Schmid, Filipa ; Krivošíková, Mária (advisor) ; Micková, Hana (referee)
Cerebrovascular accidents (CVA) represent an important health problem and training of cognitive functions after CVA is an important part of the rehabilitation process. The main objective of this bachelor thesis was the development and evaluation of a cognitive training program for adult patients after CVA using published literature. The main working hypothesis was that the program improves cognitive function both objectively and subjectively. The program's frequency was three times a week with an intensity of 30 minutes and duration of four weeks. In addition, it included independent practice sessions on weekends. Objective evaluation was performed using four short cognitive assessments ("Pětičárový test obrazcové produkce" [ČAPR], "Pětibodový test obrazcové produkce" [BOPR], Montreal Cognitive Assessment [MoCA], Saint Louis University Mental Status [SLUMS]). Subjective evaluation was performed by the patient using three questionnaires for memory, thinking ability and executive functions. Using specific criteria, two patients were recruited to complete the program and evaluation upon entering and leaving the program. After completion, ČAPR, BOPR and SLUMS scores improved in both patients. However, MoCA scores and subjective evaluation of cognitive function did not change. The main result of this...
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The Usage of Loewenstein Occupational Therapy Cognitive Assessment in Individual Occupational Therapy of the Patients with Cognitive Problems
Nováková, Adéla ; Svobodová, Tereza (advisor) ; Rodová, Zuzana (referee)
BACHELOR THESIS ABSTRACT Name, Surname: Adéla Nováková Thesis supervisor: Bc. et Bc. Tereza Svobodová Thesis consultant: Mgr. Eva Bolceková, Ph.D. Thesis opponent: Bc. et Bc. Zuzana Rodová, M.Sc Title of the Bachelor Thesis: The Usage of Loewenstein Occupational Therapy Cognitive Assessment in Individual Occupational Therapy of the Patients with Cognitive Problems Abstract The bachelor thesis deals with the evaluation of cognitive functions using Loewenstein Occupational Therapy Cognitive Assesment (LOTCA). The theoretical part includes knowledge of occupational therapy and cognitive functions. Further on it briefly describes the diagnostics of cognitive functions and their rehabilitation. A whole chapter is dedicated to LOTCA, the key testing instrument. This chapter describes all its versions, especially its dynamic form used in the practical part of the work. The practical part contains 2 case studies of the patients with cognitive problems. Both of them were elaborated at the Department of Rehabilitation, the First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Prague. The case studies include the description of the cognitive functions examination by DLOTCA, therapy suggestion and its realisation. Keywords: LOTCA battery, cognitive function, cognitive functions diagnostics, cognitive functions rehabilitation,...
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Measurement of Reaction Time and Attention
Oravová, Pavlína ; Provazník, Ivo (referee) ; Sekora, Jiří (advisor)
The semesters thesis is focused on Measurement of Reaction Time and Attention. Part of this work is a definition of reaction time and factors influencing reaction time. Measuring reaction time in context of the theory of intelligence C-H-C is described together with this theory. There are included related tests, specifically Stroop test, Flanker test, Go/No-go test and N-back test. Next there is mentioned online problematics containing hardware and software delays and diagnostic and measuring of the network. The last part of the work is dedicated to a practical part.
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Options of Working Memory Trainig
de Gray, Klára ; Páchová, Anna (advisor) ; Preiss, Marek (referee)
The Options of Working Memory Training Abstract: The theme of this diploma thesis is the possibilities of working memory training. From the analysis of nowadays literature we found out that the field of stimulus material (witch is contained in training programs) has not been researched much. The aim of this work is to find out whether there is a connection between the type of stimulus material (within the abstraction and modality level), performance and memory strategies. For this purpose we selected the N-Back Campaign training program. And provide it with visual and verbal tasks in a differen king of abstraction level. These tasks were conducted by fifty respondents. After that, several semi-structured interviews were conducted, which helped us to understand the processes associated with N-back tasks. Using statistical analysis, we came to the conclusion that the type of stimulus material is significantly related to the performance in n-back tasks: with increasing rate of abstraction the performance decreases and that visual N-back task achives with higher scores. Furthermore, it has been found that there are specific strategies that correspond to a certain degree of stimulus abstraction or modalities (vision, hearing). Therefore, we think that stimulus material in N-back tasks can have a significant...
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