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Design of the morning sun simulator
Suský, Stanislav ; Krbal, Michal (referee) ; Štěpánek, Jaroslav (advisor)
This work deals with the introduction of the influence of electromagnetic radiation on circadian rhythms and their influence on the organism. The work describes circadian rhythms and their influence on the organism, the location and description of functions of important organs and the influence of electromagnetic radiation on these organs. There are described light sources and their influence on circadian rhythms.
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Chronotypes and Social Jet Lag Related to Obesity
Halászová, Andrea ; Fárková, Eva (advisor) ; Červená, Kateřina (referee)
In nature we can observe plenty of actions which show some kind of regularity as they repeat with a certain period. The circadian rhythm with its period of approximately one day belongs among these. The circadian rhythm is synchronized mainly by light, but there are also many other internal and especially external synchronizers such as the society we live in. In an organism many processes show circadian rhythmicity, but everyone has the rhythm adjusted individualy, thus called chronotype. It's indeed very important to note that living in harmony with the chronotype is essential. Social jet lag is the term for a long-term disbalance and circadian desynchrony as a consequence of the need to adjust this individual circadian preference to the regime set by the society we live in. Many of recent studies support the findings, that social jet lag might have an impact on health and could participate in development of some of the lifestyle diseases such as obesity. Therefore it should be found beneficial to apply those finding in a clinic practise not only in order to help with an efficient treatment of obesity and its consequences but also in preventing it.
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Plasticity of circadian rhythms of the common bed bug
Čejková, Lada ; Balvín, Ondřej (advisor) ; Doležel, David (referee)
Circadian rhythms can be found in all organisms from prokaryotes through plants to animals. They are very plastic, able to adapt to the climatic conditions of the environment and the current availability of food, such differences in conditions led to origin of intraspecific polymorphisms of circadian rhythms. This bachelor thesis summarizes the known data on the circadian rhythm plasticity, managing mechanisms of circadian rhythms and their interdependence. Circadian rhythms were studied only sporadically in the human ectoparasite a bed bug (Cimex lectularius), rhythm reversal can be achieved just by changing the illumination. With knowledge about plasticity of circadian rhythms it shall be possible to identify the changes in the managing mechanisms of circadian rhythms in the bed bug. Key words: circadian rhythms, bed bug, plasticity of circadian rhythm, polymorphism of circadian rhythms
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Examining selected circadian determinant for disabled
JANKOVSKÁ, Alena
Circadian rhytms are rhytmical changes which can be found in numerous functions of human organism at cellular and organ level. For example sleep and vigil, body temperature, hormone release etc. This thesis deals with circardian determinants of Rehabilitation Institute Kladruby clients who have physical disabilites. Practical part is based on standartized questionnaire Circadian typology CIT Harada & Krejčí (2010) which has been filled by 77 Rehabilitation Institute Kladruby clients. In my thesis, I mostly deal with the following topics: what the conditions of quality of sleep in Rehabilitation Institute Kladruby are and whether physical disabilities influence the quality of sleep. The results proved, that Rehabilitation Institute Kladruby clients have rarely problems with falling asleep. Most of the interviewed participants fall asleep within fifteen minutes since lying down. Problems come duing the night when 26 % of men and 41,3 % of women wake up three or more times.
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Pineal lesions: clinical presentation, hormone secretion, sleep quality and effect of surgical treatment
Májovský, Martin ; Netuka, David (advisor) ; Šonka, Karel (referee) ; Lipina, Radim (referee)
Introduction: Pineal region is a deep-seated part of the brain surrounded by highly eloquent structures. Differential diagnosis of space-occupying lesions in this region encompasses pineal gland cysts, pineal gland tumours, metastases, germ cell tumours, meningiomas, gliomas, hemangioblastomas and neuroectodermal tumours. In this thesis, I focused mainly on patients with pineal cysts, which is a benign affection of the human pineal gland on the borderline between pathology and normality. The clinical management of patients with a pineal cyst remains controversial, especially when patients present with non-specific symptoms. A melatonin secretion in patients with a pineal cyst before and after a pineal cyst resection has not been studied yet and the effect of surgery on human metabolism is unknown. Materials and Methods: We performed a prospective study between 2000 and 2016. All patients with a pineal cyst larger than 7 mm were included. Epidemiological data, presenting symptoms, surgical results and radiographic and clinical follow-up were documented. We examined melatonin, cortisol and blood glucose secretion profiles perioperatively in a subgroup of 4 patients. The control group was represented by 3 asymptomatic patients with a pineal cyst. For each patient, 24-h circadian secretion curves of...
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Mechanisms of maternal entrainment of the fetal circadian clock
Černá, Barbora ; Sumová, Alena (advisor) ; Balaštík, Martin (referee)
Our body is influenced by many cyclical changes in the environment, such as day and night or seasons. To predict these changes and react to them in time, the organism is equipped with inner clock, which rhythmically influences many physiological processes, such as sleep or metabolic rhythms. Disrupting our inner rhythms at molecular and behavioral levels contributes to many serious disorders. It is necessary that all mechanisms of the inner circadian clock are developed and set up properly. Circadian clocks are set up by the mother, who passes rhythmical information about day and night cycle on to her embryo. Though a great attention is devoted to revealing the nature of this synchronization between the mother and her pup, the mechanisms of this process have not been fully understood yet. The aim of this thesis is to contribute to actual understanding of this synchronization. Experiments, performed in this thesis, relate to studying the ability of maternal signals to synchronize embryos with the environment. Feeding and light regime of pregnant rats was manipulated and the effect of these changes on the neuronal activity within the suprachiasmatic nuclei of 19-day embryos was analyzed.
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Interaction between circadian clock and macrophages in the adipose tissue
Honzlová, Petra ; Sumová, Alena (advisor) ; Horáková, Olga (referee)
Well functioning circadian system is crucial component of healthy organism and its disruption can result in impairment of metabolic functions with consequential development of obesity and type 2 diabetes mellitus. Obesity is in general caused by enhanced migration of pro- inflammatory polarized macrophages (M1) into adipose tissue. We have shown, that interaction of this type of macrophages with adipose tissue had significant effect on rhythmic expression of clock genes in adipocytes. We further investigated effect of high fat diet and diet enriched by omega-3 fatty acids on circadian oscillations in WAT and differently polarized macrophages. This diet affected oscillations in adipose tissue and in M0 and M2 polarized macrophages. These results support previous findings of effect of omega-3 fatty acids on metabolism and suggest their effect on circadian system as well. Key words: circadian rhythms, adipose tissue, macrophages, omega-3 fatty acids, high fat diet
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Circadian preferences with emphasis on school-age children
Kasalová, Michaela ; Janečková, Denisa (advisor) ; Drda Morávková, Alena (referee)
Bakalářská práce: Cirkadiánní preference se zaměřením na děti žákovského věku Řešitel: Michaela Kasalová Vedoucí práce: PhDr. Denisa Janečková, Ph.D. Abstract: Chronobiology (name comes from a Greek word chronos = time) is a scientific field engaged in biological rhythms that have a specific cycle with a different length of period. The most important rhythms for a human body are circadian rhythms with a period approximately 24 hours. These rhythms influence individual timing of physiological, biochemical and psychological variables technically called chronotypes. Objectives of this bachelor's work are to map the chronotypes from a historical view and to outline individual types, their specifications, their biological principle and their connection with the circadian rhythms and a sleeping cycle. Differences between chronotypes are not only among individual persons but they are changing during specific ages, therefore I focus on school-age children. Today's school system forces pupils to a certain rhythm, not necessarily well functioning with their internal natural biorhythm, and can influence results as well as study options.
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Interventions of Nurses in Relation to the Prevention of Sleep Deprivation of Patients Hospitalized at the Intensive
Růžičková, Martina ; Jirkovský, Daniel (advisor) ; Vaňková, Milena (referee)
There are many studies about problematic of sleep connected with shift work. However, only few studies devoted to the conditions for good rest and sleep in patients hospitalized in intensive care units. Insufficient or poor quality sleep and relaxation are the most common problems reported by patients that were hospitalized at intensive care units (ICU). Sleep is one of the basic biological needs of human. Sleep deficit can lead to psychical and psychological dysfunction that can affect the healing process. The diploma thesis is dealing with sleeping issues of patients hospitalized especially at intensive care units. The aim of the study is to determining the opinions of nurses that work at intensive care units on meeting the needs relating with sleep and rest of hospitalized patients and mapping, what interventions they use to prevent of occurrence of difficulties in this area. The theoretical part at first describes physiology of sleep and biological rhythms, then sleep disorders, then factors affecting sleep along with the consequences of the lack of sleep and last nursing process for patients with sleep disorder. The empirical part presents the results of questionnaire survey and then results of executed statistical analysis. Established hypothesis not have been assumed in results of survey...
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