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Dynamics of thorax in patients with COPD, its influence through POWERbreathe
Chmelařová, Anna ; Smolíková, Libuše (advisor) ; Babková, Lenka (referee)
This diploma thesis deals with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and its influence on the musculoskeletal system, lung transplantation and pulmonary rehabilitation. It discusses the role of POWERbreathe, a breathing training device, which is primarily used to strengthen the inspiratory muscles. The practical part was performed as a randomized control pilot study to assess the effect of POWERbreathe on the strength of the inspiratory muscles, the thorax dynamics and selected pulmonary function. The aim of the study is to determine the benefits of using the POWERbreathe for COPD patients during the pre-transplant period. In total, 18 patients with COPD IV. grade participated in the study (6 women and 12 men) with an average age of 59.8 ± 5.53 years. Probands were divided into two groups, only one of which used a POWERbreathe. Pulmonary functions (FEV1, VCin, FVC, PIF), muscle strength (SIndex), and chest dynamics (chest disturbances in the mezosternal and xiphosternal region with maximum inspiration and exhalation and respiratory amplitudes in these areas) were evaluated. The results did not show a significant inter-group difference in the strength of the inspiratory muscles. Within pulmonary function, this difference was evident in the FEV1 parameter and the chest dynamics increased...
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The Effect of Airway Clearance Techniques on Patients with Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease
Milibari, Hussam ; Pavlů, Dagmar (advisor) ; Vomáčková, Helena (referee)
Title The effect of airway clearance techniques on patients with Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease. Objective The main purpose of this study is to expose and evaluate the efficacy of airway clearance techniques on patients with Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease by using pulmonary functions and Quality of Life measurements from recent studies. Methodology This thesis is literature review. The selected studies were according to inclusion and exclusion criteria. The selections of recent studies were published from the year of 2000 until 2017 in English language. The following research databases were selected to identify the relevant topic: PubMed, MEDLINE, Embase, Cochrane, PEDro, and CINAHL. The parameters' results from the articles have been also selected by evaluation the statistical differences according to the P-values. Results Twenty-three articles out of 117 have been found according to inclusion criteria, exclusion criteria, and outcome measures. The techniques were active cycle of breathing technique (ACBT), positive expiratory pressure (PEP), temporary of positive expiratory pressure (T-PEP), Oscillating positive expiratory pressure (O-PEP), high-frequency chest wall oscillation (HFCWO), slow expiration with glottis opened in lateral posture (ELTGOL), postural drainage, and autogenic...
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Analysis of mortality from selected respiratory diseases in the Czech Republic in the 1994-2014 period
Vančurová, Mariana ; Hulíková Tesárková, Klára (advisor) ; Burcin, Boris (referee)
The main objective of this thesis was to analyse the development of mortality from selected respiratory diseases in the Czech Republic in the 1994-2014 period. Selected respiratory diseases were defined due to common characteristics, risk factors and mutual effects on each other and they are lung cancer, pneumonia and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. The first part of the thesis contains the definition of studied diseases, their risk factors, incidences and general trends of mortality from selected causes of death. The second part is devoted to the development of mortality from selected respiratory diseases regarding sex, age and seasonal effect. The methods for calculating in the analytical part were standardized mortality rate, two-dimensional decomposition and decomposition of the time series. The results showed different development of mortality from selected diseases between men and women and age distribution in consequence of the mortality from selected respiratory diseases. In terms of seasonal mortality, there was an effect found on pneumonia and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.
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Techniques of Respiratory Physiotherapy in Inhalation Therapy of Chronic Pulmonary Disease
Mandovcová, Petra ; Havlová, Martina (advisor) ; Nováková, Petra (referee)
OF THE BACHELOR'S THESIS Author: Petra Mandovcová Supervisor: Mgr. Martina Havlová Opponent: Title of bachelor's thesis: Techniques of Respiratory Physiotherapy in inhalation Therapy of Chronic Pulmonary Disease Abstract: This paper is focused on the techniques of respiratory physical therapy in inhalation therapy of chronic pulmonary diseases. The paper is divided into two parts - theoretical and practical. The aim of the theoretical part is to briefly describe anatomy and physiology of respiration. Next, the theoretical part deals with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and possibilities of its treatment. The emphasis is put on the inhalation therapy and the description of particular techniques of respiratory physical therapy which are used in the therapy of chronic pulmonary diseases. The practical part includes two case histories of patients who are being treated for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. To evaluate the state of the patient, spirometry testing and the MMRC dyspnea scale are used. The aim of this paper is to show the influence of respiratory physical therapy on efficacy of inhaled medicine concerning the patients with chronic pulmonary diseases. Key words: chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, inhalation therapy, respiratory physical therapy, instrumental techniques
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Body composition parameters in dependence on the metabolism degree in patients with COPD
Doleželová, Magdaléna ; Kovařík, Miroslav (advisor) ; Hronek, Miloslav (referee)
Charles University in Prague Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové Department of Biological and Medical Sciences Student: Magdaléna Doleželová Supervisor of master thesis: PharmDr. Miroslav Kovařík, Ph.D. Title of master thesis: Body composition parameters in dependence on the metabolism degrese in patiens with COPD Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) is a very serious illness characterized by incompletely reversible airflow obstruction and lung emphysema. Contributes to its overall severity are extrapulmonary manifestations, especially cachexia and loss of lean tissue mass. Chronic inflammation of the respiratory airways and increased respiratory effort cause the hypermetabolic state to some patients with COPD. This thesis investigates the impact of increased metabolism on body composition in patients with COPD. Our study included 50 COPD patients (38 men, 12 women) who were examined by bioelectrical impedance. In this study, we compared the parameters of body composition of men with resting energy expenditure REE > 130% (hereinafter Men over 130%) (n = 9) and the group of men with REE < 130 % (hereinafter Men below 130 %) (n = 29). In the group of Men over 130 % we found a lower average value of body weight by 18 % compared to Men below 130 %. Total body and intracellular water were 12 %...
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Importance of Postural Activation of the Diaphragm in Patients with Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease
Švábková, Anna ; Havlová, Martina (advisor) ; Nováková, Petra (referee)
BACHELOR THESIS ABSTRACT The title of the work: Importance of Postural Activation of the Diaphragm in Patients with Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease Bachelor Thesis Abstract: This bachelor thesis on the topic of the postural activation of the diaphragm in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease consists of a theoretical and a practical part. The theoretical part includes a description of the physiology of breathing - breathing is considered a motoric function here. The theoretical part occupies itself with a description of kinesiology of breathing and the breathing pattern. A separate chapter is devoted to the diaphragm, its anatomy, and its postural breathing function. In this vein, the thesis presents the notion of the deep stabilizing system of the spine and the possibilities of affecting it therapeutically. Further, it defines the chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, characterizes its effects, especially with regard to physiotherapy, and presents the possibilities for a complex treatment. As regards the complex treatment, the thesis focuses on the non-pharmacologic alternative, i.e. lung rehabilitation. It analyses in detail the topic of respiratory physiotherapy as one of the elements of lung rehabilitation. The list of tools of respiratory physiotherapy contains: corrective...
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Determination of body composition by bioelectrical impedance method in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
Sehnalová, Lucie ; Kovařík, Miroslav (advisor) ; Hronek, Miloslav (referee)
Charles University in Prague Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové Department of Biological and Medical Sciences Student: Lucie Sehnalová Supervisor of master thesis: PharmDr. Miroslav Kovařík Ph.D. Title of master thesis: Determination of body composition by bioelectrical impedance method in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is one of the top leading causes of death and its morbidity and mortality worldwide is still increasing. Besides the respiratory symptoms there are often developed alterations in metabolism and body composition in COPD patients. Clinically important are mainly malnutrition and skeletal muscle protein loss. Especially if the respiratory muscles are affected, the lung function is negatively influenced. The main aim of this study was to compare the body composition between 15 patients with COPD 3rd and 4th stage and 9 patients of control group without respiratory impairment and comparable anthropometric characteristics (age, body height and weight). By means of bioelectrical impedance analysis we determined the composition of main body compartments. In patients with COPD was the mean amount of lean tissue of body weight (rel LTM) 47.2 ± 8.4 %, amount of fat mass (rel Fat) 37.8 ± 6.4 % and mean overhydration (OH) 0.31...
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Resting energy expenditure in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease II
Krčmářová, Veronika ; Kovařík, Miroslav (advisor) ; Hronek, Miloslav (referee)
Charles University in Prague Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové Department of Biological and Medical sciences Student: Veronika Krčmářová Supervisor of master thesis: PharmDr. Miroslav Kovařík Ph.D. Title of master thesis: Resting energy expenditure in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease II The aim of this study was to compare the resting energy expenditure (REE) and nutritional substrate utilization among patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and control group. Previous studies have confirmed increased values of REE in COPD patients. On the basis of the increase of this parameter there was a loss of lean and muscle mass. The utilization of nutritional substrates in patients with COPD is not yet known. Our study by a total of 20 patients includes 11 patients with COPD, and 9 from the control group . The age of patients ranged from 55 to 71 years. Each patient was examined once. We determined the value of REE by indirect calorimetry and utilization of nutritional substrates. According to our results, there was an increase in REE in 82 % of patients with COPD, while only 33 % of patients from the control group was hypermetabolic. Comparing the results of REE between groups we observed REE increase by about 20 % in patients with COPD compared with the control...
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Assessment of energy metabolism in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
Poláková, Terezie ; Kovařík, Miroslav (advisor) ; Hronek, Miloslav (referee)
Charles University in Prague Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové Department of Biological and Medical Sciences Student: Terezie Poláková Supervisor of master thesis: PharmDr. Miroslav Kovařík, Ph.D. Title of master thesis: Assessment of energy metabolism in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is the name for lung disease with systemic consequences. Besides the respiratory symptoms there are also described changes in body metabolism, which could lead to the development of serious metabolic syndrome called cachexia. The main aim of this study was to compare the resting energy expenditure (REE) and nutrition substrate utilization in 12 patients with advanced form of COPD from the Czech Multicentre Research Database of COPD (5 females and 7 males, mean age 68 ± 6 years) and in 9 patients of control group without respiratory impairment (5 females and 4 males, 62 ± 4 years). Assessment of body metabolism was determined by method of indirect calorimetry. Measured REE was then compared with prediction based on Harris-Benedict equation. The utilization of main nutrition substrates was determined from the respiratory quotient and urea nitrogen loss in urine. We found that measured REE in COPD patients was about 20 % higher than in control group....
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Quality of life with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD)
Dostálková, Šárka ; Mareš, Jiří (advisor) ; Kollarová, Jana (referee)
Bakalářská práce se věnuje kvalitě života pacientů s chronickou obstrukční plicní nemocí (CHOPN). V teoretické části jsou definovány základní termíny a pojmy, jedná se například o definici CHOPN, její prevalenci, diagnostiku i terapii, popsán je koncept kvality života, zmíněny jsou metody užívané k jejímu zjišťování, přičemž pozornost je soustředěna zejména na dotazníky zjišťující kvalitu života pacientů s CHOPN. V empirické části je provedena analýza dotazníkového šetření realizovaném na 52 mužích v různých stadiích CHOPN. Dotazník byl vyhodnocen jak pro celý výzkumný vzorek, tak i pro jednotlivá stadia nemoci.
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