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Specifics of legal regulation of environmental protection in cities
Erbenová, Kateřina Alžběta ; Žákovská, Karolina (advisor) ; Fabšíková, Tereza (referee)
Specifics of legal regulation of environmental protection in cities Abstract The trend of modern society is urbanization, which includes the transfer of part of the population from the countryside to cities. However, along with this trend there is a higher concentration of people in cities, which leads to increased consumption of natural resources, production of pollutants and waste and other actions that have a negative impact on the urban environment. This thesis deals with the specifics of the urban environment and the legal tools that cities have available to improve this environment. The aim of the thesis was to define the concept of city in terms of both legal and urban, and based on this definition to define the differences between cities and the rest of the area and the impact of these differences on the urban environment. Subsequently, the thesis processes the legal regulation of particular subjects of the environment with a focus on urban areas. The aim is to describe the legislation relevant to the urban environment and the environmental protection tools available to cities. In terms of content, the work is divided into three parts. The first part deals with the concept of city and its definition in the legal system of the Czech Republic, but also the urban definition of this concept, the...
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"Fiat lux!" Public Lighting in Czech Towns in 19th and the Beginning of 20th Century
Jelínek, David ; Himl, Pavel (advisor) ; Pokludová, Andrea (referee)
The phenomenon of introducing public lighting in Czech cities is mainly associated with the increase in population in regionally important centres of industry, trade, craft, or administration. Unlike classical historiographical monographs, this work aims to investigate how the introduction of public lighting took place, who was involved in it, and what was at stake. Through the analysis of literary sources, particularly newspaper articles (both national and local) and archival records, the thesis seeks to highlight the attributes of light not only as a purely practical urban element, but also as a carrier of symbolic levels of security and progress. It is shown that light played an important role as a maintainer of security and prevented criminal behaviour by its presence. It is further revealed that light was a manifestation of civilization, education, and progress. Having public lighting on the streets was therefore not only a practical but also a symbolic issue. It was also reflected in the electoral programs of local political parties. It was not, however, the municipalities that incurred considerable costs in upgrading the lighting infrastructure (setting up gas plants, power stations, laying pipes); it was private entities that entered into contracts with municipalities for decades. However,...
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Biodiversity of green roofs
Matoušková, Kateřina ; Sedláček, Ondřej (advisor) ; Šípek, Petr (referee)
Green roofs offer interesting multifunctinaly solutions to many problems at once. In a small area they bring benefits to people and nature. They thermally insulate buildings, improve the local microclimate and reduce the city's heat island efect. Green roofs improve air quality and also help retain water in the landscape. In combination with solar panels and retention tanks, green roofs can contribute to the modern trend of building green - sustainable - buildings. Green roofs can be used for growing food sources and for relaxation as well. Wild plants can spontaneously colonize green roofs and thereby expand their habitats in cities. The plants create habitats for many animals (especially invertebrates) and provide nectar sources to pollinators. Except food habitats, they offer birds habitat for nesting and resting place during their migration. The aim of this thesis was to evaluate the contribution of green roofs to urban biodiversity. At present, howewer, most scientific studies deal with the advantges of green roofs in connection with enviromental protection or the technical side. A small part of the studies examines the biodiversity of green roofs. My goal was to find out which factors influence a biodiversity of green roofs the most and to design an ideal roofs solution with the greatest...
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Urbanism and the Eternal City of Rome
Mele, Valentino ; Pfeiffer, Jan (advisor) ; Fulková, Marie (referee)
Master's thesis is devoted to the topic of urban planning and the city of Rome. The aim of the thesis is to explore the ways of depicting urbanism in contemporary fine arts, forms and topics in which it is presented. Furthermore, the essential part of the work is the history of urbanism, the principles and deviations of urbanism and especially the Eternal City (Rome). As far as Rome is concerned, the author discusses her foundations, the growth of the city from the very beginning of the foundation, the influences of urbanism, the demonstration of the characteristics of the ancient "urbe" and how today's contemporary artists solve new ways of urbanization, or how and in what way they are inspired by Roman cities? An important element of the cities is not only the city planning itself, but also its Genius loci, the spirit of the place, the author separates and explores the cities of the day and the night cities and explores what are their differences in character. An important part of the thesis will be: How do today's children perceive cities, what do they mean to them? What do they think is important and what is the function of a city? How can a city educate a child culturally? The author will propose a set of art assignments for primary and secondary school pupils, which will present the...
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Analysis of Presentation of Motif of Slum and Life in it in Czech Media in 2010-2017
Kučerová, Zuzana ; Klabíková Rábová, Tereza (advisor) ; Soukup, Martin (referee)
The thesis deals with the media presentation of world slums in the Czech environment throughout 2010-2017. According to the latest estimates, more than one billion people live in slums today. It is safe to assume that the population in these slums will grow in the next decades. Most slums are located in the urban areas of developing states, which have higher urbanisation rates compared to the more developed countries. Slums are crowded places in cities where the residents live in substandard conditions that includes lack of drinking water, poor sanitation, lack of sewerage and health care and so on. The thesis focuses on the media coverage of five slums (Kibera, Dharavi, Khayelitsha, Ciudad Neza and Orangi Town), which rank among the biggest in the world. The work briefly summarizes the social construction of reality theory according to T. Berger and P. L. Luckmann, the media construct of reality and news value. It explains the concepts of slum, developing country, urbanisation, and the refugee crisis. It examines the texts by combining quantitative and qualitative content analysis. Quantitative content analysis is based on three research questions and six hypotheses. Newton Media database used for the research provided relevant contributions from newspapers, magazines and their internet mutations,...
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Effect of urban gradient on composition of bat communities in Central European landscapes.
Kočí, Jakub ; Lučan, Radek (advisor) ; Andreas, Michal (referee)
Bats (Chiroptera) are usually considered as a group greatly endangered by destructing their habitats through the human activity. However, a significant part of bat species at the central Europe use human buildings as shelters, moreover the natural shelters are marginal or unknown in several species. Considering the linkage of the great part of our bat species to the fragmented area and in connection with a long term human influence on the central european landscape we ask whether at least part of our species see human activity through providing proper shelters as positive. Based on the analysis of landscape structure and ruggedness effect on density, diversity and population structure of bat assamblages acquired by standardized mist net captures located in lowlands (elevations below 500 m) of Czech Republic (204 localities, 3585 bats, 22 bat species), we found that even though most of reactions were species specific and few species seemed to be positively associated with urban environments, most of the bat species rely on the broad-leaved forest cover and other natural habitats such as water bodies. The most significant factor influencing sexual segregation for bats was ruggedness of surrounding landscape. Keywords: Bats, Chiroptera, fragmentation, Europe, temperate zone
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Srovnání postavení metropolitních oblastí v regionální politice ČR a Francie
Čermáková, Nela
The diploma thesis deals with comparing metropolitan areas in the Czech Republic and France. The aim of this thesis is evaluate by a comparative analysis the position of metropolitan areas in regional policy of the countries mentioned above. The comparison is based on analysis of expert texts and with help of four evaluation criteria (state support, local support, territorial classification, topics solve within metropolitan areas). The comparison showed that in regional policy of Czech Republic are metropolitan areas included considerably weak, in compare of situation of metropolitan areas in regional policy of France. This fact is explained by absence of state interest. Due to the high fragmentation of settlement system, not too long support of municipal cooperation is not helpful for this situation. From the point of view of territorial classification are disunity in demarcation of metropolitan areas, or overall interest in its creation only from EU´s pressure assessed as negative. Next, the level of institutionalization in term of improved the position of metropolitan areas in Czech regional policy is assessed. From the findings about metropolitan governance in France and in other European countries it was possible to construct the suggestions of institutionalization metropolitan areas in Czech Republic.
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The impact of Urbanization on the socioeconomic development of Ghana
Aikins, Michael Boako
At independence Ghana had about 70% of it populace leaving in the rural areas but now the country is over 50% urbanized. People are changing from agricultural occupation to business, trade, services and other professions in search for a quality life style. Major cities in Ghana such as Accra, Kumasi and now the oil city Takoradi are now facing urban management challenges since the cities are becoming more and more dirty and unkempt. Drawing on data from the Living Standard Survey Reports for Round 5-6 that spans from 2008 to 2014 for Ghana, this study examines the effects of urbanization on socio-economic development in Ghana. The study demonstrates some association of urbanization with developmental outcomes in education, health, employment and housing. It examines urbanization by using patterns of internal migration, noting that people move from relatively poor areas to richer ones in Ghana. While it is difficult to establish causality, the evidence suggests that while urbanization happens mostly by internal migration, such moves may allow poor people to access better opportunities in richer regions in Ghana. This study then looks more carefully at the association between internal migration and some socio-economic indicators of education, health, employment and housing at the state level and to some degree at the household level. A key finding of this research is the association of urbanization of educational attainment for female and a positive life expectancy in general. In addition, urbanization has not had entirely positive relationship on employment and housing in the big cities in Ghana.
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Species traits and ecological conditions linked to bird colonisation of cities
Grünwald, Jan ; Reif, Jiří (advisor) ; Sedláček, Ondřej (referee)
Human settlements are a novel habitat type and species must respond to its ongoing expansion. For effective conservation of biodiversity, it is important to understand the mechanisms underlying these responses. This thesis focuses on urbanization in birds, from both the individual and community perspectives. The aim of this thesis is to find out if there are any "pre-adaptations" in some bird species to be successful city dwellers or if all birds can potentially exploit the urban environment when local conditions allow. According to the reviewed literature, I conclude that the urbanization in birds is not a universal pattern, but there are some specific traits shared by most of the urban birds. The successful urban species are mostly omnivorous or granivorous, they breed in trees or in cavities and, they are often ecological generalists. They are sometimes represented by non-native species occurring in the cities all over the world.
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