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The role of the United Russia in political system of the Russian Federation
Vondráčková, Dominika ; Příhoda, David (advisor) ; Romancov, Michael (referee)
With the beginning of new millennium the political atmosphere in Russia started to change significantly. The number of political parties dramatically decreased and in 2001 was formed soon to be strongest party - the United Russia. Since then the overall centralization of the system had started - it happened to be more difficult for smaller parties to reach the Duma mandates, media are influenced more than before and NGOs with certain political opinions are forbidden to operate. In this environment exists the United Russia - the party of power - not a platform for discussion, which a political party should be, but a tool of Kremlin, which reminds more a center of elites, power and means. In the beginning of the text are described competitive and non-competitive party systems. The current party system of Russia is there acknowledged as a party system with pragmatic- hegemonic party. Further the text follows the evolution and changes of the party system in Russia, the electoral reforms and overall changes since 1999 to the present. Then the ideology of Russia in international environment is discussed as well as the ideology of the United Russia. The text shows, that even though the United Russia declares an ideology, in reality it could be found only scarcely.
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The isssues of primary education in India - current challenges and objectives
Váradyová, Anna ; Hons, Pavel (advisor) ; Hříbek, Martin (referee)
Elementary education can be considered the main building block of the whole education system. The thesis tries to answer questions related to the main problems of elementary education in India. It pays attention to the effectivity and availability of education in India and tries to outline difficulties in educating specific groups of population such as women, low castes and people living in remote areas. It outlines the methods used by the Indian Government to deal with these problems especially by way of reforms of education. It also tries to relate literacy rate with other factors such as economic growth or standard of living.
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The United Russia and strengthening of the influence in the Russian Federation
Vondráčková, Dominika ; Příhoda, David (advisor) ; Romancov, Michael (referee)
This work is about the United Russia - party of power in Russian Federation. The exact aim is to define and describe main ways of strenghtening the party's power within the system. Those ways are especially: election reforms, biased medias, biased voting behavior managed through regions and youth movements. Text is divided into three chapters - theoretical, historical and practical. The first chapter talks about theory of political parties, parties of power in general, and about hegemonic party systems. This chapter provides theoretical frame and supports argumentation that hegemonic party needs to use certain activities in order to perpetuate its influence. Second chapter explores the history and tradition of political parties in Russia. Traditionally parties were very weak and often established by state, instead of being established by the civil society and its cleavages. In this part are shown longer-term factors, which are helpful in perpetuating strong Russian party of power. Last chapter shows the main spheres through which the party strengthens itself. We talk about period since 2001 when the party was established until presence (2016). Here are demonstrated concrete examples - for instance how exactly was changed the electorate system in order to advance the United Russia, how is the voting...
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Current reforms of institutional pre-school education in the Federal Republic of Germany
Loudová Stralczynská, Barbora ; Uhlířová, Jana (advisor) ; Opravilová, Eva (referee) ; Lipnická, Milena (referee)
The doctoral thesis focuses on the development of preschool education in Germany. It was composed using the tools of comparative education research especially the qualitative research paradigm. It aims to analyze the contemporary reforms of the pre-primary education in Germany. The research design stands on a case study, which is based on the document content analysis method, semi-structured interviews with experts, and participating observation. The research has focused on the system settings in preschool education, as well as on ongoing reforms itself. The study outlines the development of pre-school institutions, external conditions and the possibility of managing preschool education in Germany. It provides an analysis of curricula documents as well as the insight into current alternative models and innovative approaches in preschool education. Also it elaborates the topic of contemporary situation in teaching staff and the trends in his training, and finally identifies the current reforms, trends and challenges in preschool education in Germany. Germany has implemented in the last 15 years a series of reforms relating to the settings of conditions in preschool education both at the national and state level. These reforms reflect specific regional features of individual federal states, but at...
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Social Issues in the Documents Related to the Assumption of Power by the Xi Jinping Leadership (2012 - 2013)
Procházková, Alice ; Klimeš, Ondřej (advisor) ; Hudeček, Jiří (referee)
The present paper's aim is to observe the reflection of problematic social phenomenons in China in the key Party documents related to the assumption of both party and state power of the 5th generation leadership headed by Xi Jinping (born 1953), concretely the Report on the Work of the Government of the leaving 4th generation leadership delivered at the 18th National Congress in November 2012 and the Resolution delivered at the 3rd Plenary Session of the 18th Central Committee of the Communist Party of China in November 2013. Key words: Report on the Work of the Government, Resolution, Xi Jinping, Hu Jintao, 18th National Congress in November 2012, 3rd Plenary Session of the 18th Central Committee of the Communist Party of China, social policy, social security, social insurance, migrant workers
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The reforms during the reign of sultan Qaboos in Oman
Denk, Matěj ; Gombár, Eduard (advisor) ; Ženka, Josef (referee)
This Bachelor thesis deals with political and security history of Sultanate of Oman during the reign of sultan Qaboos (1970-present days), which is characterized by extensive reforms for modernization. Thesis describes circumstances of Qaboos accession to the throne, causes and background of the reforms and actual political and security situation as well. It puts stress on foreign influence on decision-making process in Oman, especially on extraordinary relationship with Great Britain. Using the full extent of foreign literature and internet sources it gets to the conclusion that given reforms were a result of personal involvement of sultan Qaboos and socio- economic pressures, which made them inevitable.
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The Role of the United Russia in Political System of the Russian Federation
Vondráčková, Dominika ; Příhoda, David (advisor) ; Romancov, Michael (referee)
Main focus of this text is the current party of power in Russia - the United Russia. The party was established on purpose of competing another party (and take away votes), but eventually gained quite high number of votes itself. Almost since the beginning we could have been witnessing a partnership between United Russia and Vladimir Putin. After Vladimir Putin became a president in 2000, legal changes concerning parties had occurred. The goal of my writing is to show what role does the party have and how the system influences United Russia's position in the system. In the first chapter I focus on typologies of party systems. I begin with Sartori and his classification of less competitive regimes and then I am moving towards special terms which are especially being used for Russian case. In the next chapter, I am talking mainly about changes of party system and reforms in the system which came hand in hand with Putin's presidency. Those reforms show us very clearly the tendencies within party system held by the Kremlin. At the end I talk about United Russia and its distribution of power.
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Anti-alcohol Campaign in the Soviet Union in the Years 1985-1988
Jasenčáková, Miroslava ; Svoboda, Karel (advisor) ; Kolenovská, Daniela (referee)
The thesis "Anti-alcohol Campaigh in the Soviet Union in the years 1985 - 1988" analyzes the various aspects of development and measures used to combat alcoholism , which were adopted in May 1985. This included, for example, significant reduction of the production and sale of alcoholic beverages and a variety of promotional tools. Chronologically, the main emphasis is on the period when the campaign took place. To clarify the context of the issue is also included a brief excursion to the roots of Russian alcoholism, which dates back to the Middle Ages. The situation after the introduction of the campaign is tracked within the Soviet Union, emphasis is placed on development of the policy within the nation's center. Concerning the severe economic impact of the measures adopted and the high level of public discontent alcohol program was eventually canceled. For these reasons, it is often interpreted as a failure. The main goal of the thesis is to assess the possibility of some successes and campaign evaluation, provided that the leaders of the Soviet Union, who prepared it, might have been aware of the contradiction between the stated objectives and actual results subsequent campaigns.
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China tries within the current internationl framework dominated by the US to gain more power in the IMF
Liehmann, Viktoria ; Lepš, Jakub (advisor) ; Sehnálková, Jana (referee)
This thesis analyses whether China tries to gain more power in the IMF staying within the current international U.S.-dominated system. The analysis focuses on China's behavior in the IMF during the reform process of the last decade. The thesis examines the ways in which China can gain more power staying in the IMF. However, current power structures make it difficult to implement changes and China might therefore use political groups such as the BRICS and their New Development Bank to exert pressure. But the intention of the BRICS is not to overthrow the system but to reform it. Using official statements and speeches delivered by Chinese, U.S. or IMF staff in the IMF as well as articles published in newspapers Chinese claims and US reactions were analyzed. The results suggest that China stays within the international system and does not try to overthrow it. Nevertheless, pressure is created through the establishment of the New Development Bank (NDB) and the Asian Infrastructure and Investment Bank (AIIB). The intention of this thesis is to give a current account of Chinese behavior in the international community, supporting the understanding of underlying dynamics. Keywords IMF, China, Reforms, BRICS, New Development Bank, Asian Infrastructure and Investment Bank, international system, challenge
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Examining the impact of reforms on economic growth: The case of transition economies
Zhupaj, Lorena ; Horváth, Roman (advisor) ; Benáček, Vladimír (referee)
This paper aims to investigate the impact of reforms on economic growth in a sample of transition economies of Central Eastern Europe, South Eastern Europe and Commonwealth of Independent States from 1989 until 2010. We employ a panel data methodology and run a Haussman test to distinguish between a fixed effect and a random effect model. In addition, we take into account the role of reform reversals and examine their contribution in the growth dynamics. Reform downgrades are very common since in some cases progress in reforms has been stalled or even reversed due to political instability, wars, economic crises, etc. We model the reforms downgrades following the previous work of Merlevede (2003) using a different methodology and extending our period of estimation. Furthermore, the relationship between other explanatory variables (i.e. initial conditions, fiscal balance) and growth is further explored in the empirical estimation. JEL Classification O57, P21 Keywords transition economies, reforms, reversal Author's e-mail lorena_zh@hotmail.com Supervisor's e-mail roman.horvath@gmail.com
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