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Institutions and economic growth
Matúš, Samuel
This bachelor thesis studies the relationship between the quality of political and economic institutions and economic growth using panel data models of 169 countries over the period 1990-2021. The study provides the necessary evidence that institutions support economic growth. Economic institutions have greater significance in comparison with political institutions which can be caused by not creating a specific category for non-democratic, oil-oriented countries. An additional model was conducted on 90 countries with data from 2000 to 2021 to find determinants of institutional quality which are tax revenue, economic development, and cultural and geographical effects. These findings and pitfalls may benefit both researchers and policymakers seeking a better understanding of growth-enhancing institutions.
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The impact of the arrival of displaced Germans for the economic development of the Federal Republic of Germany.
Hudecová, Dominika ; Kučera, Jaroslav (advisor) ; Konrád, Ota (referee)
The objective of this work is to analyze the influence of the arrival of expelled Germans on postwar reconstruction of West Germany in connection with their labor market integration. The precondition how to become an active participant on the economy recovery is a stable job. The conclusion of this work is, that expelled Germans were from the beginning an active part of postwar economic reconstruction of Germany, despite of the fact, that there were some structural problems in the economy like a black market, lack of accommodation facilities in the cities or unequable dislocation of these people in the occupied zones. These problems were removed by the currency and economy reforms. After the reforms came in sight, that expelled Germans represented a positive part of the economic reconstruction in form of free, qualified and cheap labour force, which could be purposefully use. This evaluation is based on critical interpretation of the facts received from the literature, scholarly articles and Internet sources.
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Evaluation of International Financial Integration on Growth in CEE Countries
Yang, Yang ; Jeřábek, Petr (advisor) ; Li, Yating (referee) ; Čech, František (referee)
The thesis examines the influence of international financial integration on growth in Central and Eastern European economies using a two-way fixed effects model with macroeconomic data for 16 Central and Eastern European countries from 2007 to 2021. The thesis draws several conclusions. First, the ratio of net FDI inflows and outflows to GDP does not present a significant effect on growth. Although the stock data on FDI is similarly not significant for the overall sample regression, the regression of the sample divided into developed and developing economies shows a positive effect of FDI liabilities on economic growth for developed economies and a negative effect of FDI liabilities on economic growth for developing economies. Second, for both the overall sample, developed economies, and developing economies, none of the portfolio investment asset variables are statistically significant, except for portfolio investment assets in developing economies. Third, both portfolio debt and other investment debt negatively affect economic growth in developing economies and the overall sample, while the result is not significant for developed economies.
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Poverty, Inequality and Economic Growth: the Case of Post-Soviet Countries
Ren, Jiayi ; Holub, Tomáš (advisor) ; Li, Yating (referee) ; Svoboda, Karel (referee)
This paper empirically examines the triangular relationship between poverty, growth, and income inequality in 13 post-Soviet countries between 1998 and 2020. Regression results reveal that economic growth has a significant negative impact on poverty while income inequality has a significant positive impact on poverty. Initial conditions (both initial economic growth and initial income inequality) matter in explaining the change of poverty. Poverty tends to be more responsive to the change of income inequality. Growth effect and inequality effect varied across different subgroups. Moreover, mutual causality has been found between poverty and income inequality while the unidirectional impact of income inequality on growth is inverted- U shaped. Finally, a significant moderation effect of economic growth on the linkage between poverty and income inequality has been found.
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The impact of Monetary Policy on the Economic Growth of the Czech Republic
Khalilova, Solmaz ; Holub, Tomáš (advisor) ; Horváth, Roman (referee)
This study deals with the impact of monetary policy on the economic growth of the Czech Republic. The subject of this thesis is the examination of monetary policy of the Czech Republic in the period 2001-2022. The main focus of the thesis is based on investigating the potential impact of monetary policy on the economic growth in this country. Quarterly data for the Czech Republic economy for the 2001Q1-2022Q3 period was used in the study. Whether the monetary policy is effective in the Czech Republic has been examined using VAR analysis. According to the results obtained, the effectiveness of monetary policy instruments in the Czech Republic varies periodically. According to the findings, an increase in real GDP was observed after COVID-19. This indicates that monetary policy instruments generally have a positive effect on the economic growth of the country. JEL Classification: Keywords: Title : E31, E42, E50, E52, E58 Monetary Policy, Economic Growth, Czech Republic The Impact of Monetary Policy on The Economic Growth of the Czech Republic
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Determinants of Economic Development in Estonia, Latvia, Lithuania and the Czech Republic
Gonsior, Martin ; Zinecker, Marek (referee) ; Luňáček, Jiří (advisor)
This master thesis focuses on uncovering the determinants of growth in Estonia, Latvia, Lithuania and the Czech Republic. The thesis is divided into a theoretical basis, which is devoted to economic growth and the determinants that can affect it, and an analytical part, where the dependence of selected determinants on economic growth is examined. The results of the individual analyses are compared with each other. At the end of this thesis, the results are discussed and recommendations are formulated for the top institutions of the selected countries.
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Sustainable regional development: Application of the Human Development Index (HDI) in three selected regions
MACKOVÁ, Ladislava
The aim of this thesis is to compare the sustainable development of the three regions based on the Human Development Index, which includes factors such as education, GDP (GNI) per capita, and life expectancy. The regions are considered to be the territories of three countries: The Kingdom of Sweden, The Czech Republic and The Hellenic Republic. The main research question is whether there has been a decoupling between economic growth and its impact on environmental pollution after 2008. The practical part includes analysis of secondary statistical data for selected countries focusing on the development of carbon dioxide emissions and economic level as well as correlation between HDI and a country's economic development. For the last sub-analysis, it is necessary to modify the HDI to reflect the influence of carbon dioxide emissions and create a new indicator referred to in this thesis as UHDI. This step is taken to determine the influence of environmental pollution on the ranking of countries according to UHDI and HDI.
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Remitence a ekonomický rozvoj v zemích jižní Asie a Latinské Ameriky
Kupka, Michal
Remittances have become a very important source of income in developing countries. The aim of the thesis is to identify the main impacts of remittances on economic development in South Asia and Latin America and to compare these impacts between these regions. The main impacts of remittances on economic development were identified by literature review. The available literature dealing with topic of remittances devotes the most space to impacts on gross domestic product, poverty, education, health and investment. Next, regression models were used to quantify and to find differences between identified main impacts. System GMM estimator was used to find impact on gross domestic product. Different effect of remittances on the growth of gross domestic product between regions was found. Using the OLS model, a different effect was found also in the case of the impact of remittances on poverty. The impact on education was the last impact analyzed. According to the OLS model, there is a larger difference in educational expenditure between remittance receiving households and households not receiving remittances in Latin America than in South Asia. The impact on health and investment has not been further investigated due to lack of data.
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Military expenditure and economic growth: A meta-analysis
Simpartl, Josef ; Havránek, Tomáš (advisor) ; Baxa, Jaromír (referee)
This master's thesis provides a comprehensive meta-analysis inspecting the impact of military expenditures on economic growth. Its objective is to validate several hypotheses using a wide range of studies and the latest methods. The hypotheses included in this thesis are as follows. First, military expenditures reduce economic growth. Second, military expenditures retard growth in less- developed countries. Third, the effect of military expenditures on economic growth is non-linear. The general findings of this thesis support the first hypothesis. This result originates mainly from the significantly negative impact found in recent studies. The thesis also finds indirect evidence in favor of the second hypothesis. Even though the analysis did not find a significant impact on less-developed countries per se, a negative effect associated with African countries provides a persuasive substitute in this regard. Last, this thesis did not find any solid evidence in favor of the non-linearity hypothesis. This is the first time the effect of military expenditures on economic growth was analyzed using the latest methods of meta-analysis and provides robust input into a heated debate within the subfield of peace economics provoked by the recent events. 1
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