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Comparative analyses of cranial skeletogenesis and odontogenesis in basal Ray-finned fishes
Pospíšilová, Anna ; Černý, Robert (advisor) ; Přikryl, Tomáš (referee) ; Buchtová, Marcela (referee)
Skeletal (cartilaginous, bony, and dental) tissues undoubtedly exemplify the key innovation of vertebrates. Among all recent vertebrates, the most numerous and successful lineage is represented by the Ray-finned fishes that, accordingly, exhibit amazing variety of skeletal architectures and phenotypic adaptations. In order to depict fundamental principles of fish cranial skeletogenesis the developmental formation of skeletal architectures was described, compared and analyzed using members of early branching fish lineages, that exemplify very different strategies of skeletogenesis. While the Senegal bichirs and the Tropical gars are heavily armored forms with massive exoskeleton and hyperossified dental structures covering the whole oropharyngeal region, the European sterlets, on the contrary, possess mostly cartilaginous skeleton and reduce their dental structures during early development. Whole analysis is underpinned by the Northen pike, teleostean species with lightened skeletal architecture with comparable number of cranial elements. The present study represents the first complex comparative analysis of their skeletogenesis and odontogenesis. This allowed to define developmental strategies founding different lineage-specific skeletal architecture of vertebrates. Comparative description of...
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Materials For Biodegradable Bones Based On Fe
Hrabovský, Jan
The thesis deals with biodegradable bone implants which must have good mechanical properties and also good compatibility with the human body. The thesis contains literary research in the area of bone physiology, biogenic materials and implants for the human body. The thesis focues on the selection of suitable materials for biogenic implants.
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Materials for biodegradable bones based on Fe
Hrabovský, Jan ; Vondrák, Jiří (referee) ; Sedlaříková, Marie (advisor)
The thesis deals with biodegradable bone implants which must have good mechanical properties and also good compatibility with the human body. The thesis contains literary research in the area of bone physiology, biogenic materials and implants for the human body. The thesis focues on the selection of suitable materials for biogenic implants. It is also described the preparation of iron powder mixtures and application onto selected materials. The selected samples were subjected to thermal analysis.
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Nutrition in osteoporosis
SOTONOVÁ, Michaela
The Bachelor's thesis focuses on nutrition for osteoporosis. The main aim of the thesis is to determine and evaluate diet composition in the selected retirement home and to find out whether the composition of the diet corresponds to the requirements for osteoporosis prevention or nutrition therapy. Another aim is to create recommendations for menus in the retirement home which comply with the physiological needs of seniors. I would also like to find out whether the respondents know the relationship between individual nutrients and osteoporosis. The thesis is divided into a theoretical and a practical part. The theoretical part describes the physiology and anatomy of bones. Furthermore, it also concentrates on the characteristics of osteoporosis, its forms, symptoms, risk factors and diagnostics. The last section of the theoretical part focuses mainly on nutrition, which is related to osteoporosis. In the Bachelor's thesis, I emphasize the importance of calcium, vitamin D, magnesium and other key macro and micronutrients associated with this disease. The research part of the Bachelor's thesis was carried out using a quantitative and qualitative research method. The quantitative part of the research was conducted by means of a questionnaire survey in the retirement home in Strakonice. The paper questionnaire was distributed to 30 respondents (15 women and 15 men). It was divided into two parts. The first part focuses on awareness of this disease. The second part deals with the respondents' knowledge of the role of nutrients in osteoporosis. Next, the qualitative research method was used to obtain weekly menu that is used to prepare meals for people with osteoporosis. I entered the weekly menu into the Nutriservis Professional program and then evaluated it. I specifically paid attention to the sufficient calcium and vitamin D intake. I processed the results of the research into graphs using Microsoft Excel 2016.
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Structural and Chemical Aspects of Calcium Phosphate Formation in Tooth Enamel
Kallistová, Anna ; Skála, Roman (advisor) ; Frýda, Jiří (referee) ; Oldak, Janet (referee)
Tooth enamel is the hardest and most resistant highly mineralized inorganic component in mammalian bodies that significantly affects both the life quality and expectancy of an indi- vidual. Its specific qualitative properties are given by the biomineralization process responsible for its formation. In this process the mineralization of hydroxyapatite (HAp), the only inor- ganic phase composing the mammalian hard tissues, is controlled by activity of enamel-forming cells ameloblasts and their products. Over the past years, the studies of enamel matrix pro- teins, their structure, composition and function has become the prevalent field of experimental investigation. However, unique enamel qualities, which enable the teeth to withstand high pressure and stress demands, cannot be accurately assessed without the thorough systematical study of its mineral compound. In this thesis, I focus on the crystallographic and compositional characteristics of enamel hydroxyapatite and their influence on the mechanical properties of teeth. Obtained results are discussed in context of developmental and adaptation dynamics of mammalian species. The main aspect of the work is to extend our knowledge about the protein-mediated mineraliza- tion process from the perspective of inorganic compound and its contribution to the...
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Manufacture and decoration of bone and antler tools in the early Middle Ages
Bílková, Tereza ; Štefan, Ivo (advisor) ; Sláma, Jiří (referee)
The present thesis maps the distribution of bone and antler industry luxury items from early middle ages in our area. The work includes catalogue and description of these items. The subsequent chapters focus on the technology of manufacture and embellishment, followed by possibilities of social interpretation based on uncovered items and some specific issues such as the existence of manufactories in Czech area, an outline of Polish analogies and unusual embellishment with figural motives.
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Kompozitní pěnové nosiče pro tkáňové inženýrství kostí
Kuntová, Henrieta ; Rampichová, Michala (advisor) ; Krulová, Magdaléna (referee)
The goal of my work was to introduce the fast pacing field of tissue engineering with focus on bone regeneration. Tissue engineering could be a future alternative to the currently used conventional approaches that suffer from healing failures. Due to increasing demand for bone tissue replacement damaged by degenerative diseases or injuries, many laboratories have attempted to come up with solutions in a form of artificial constructs. In the present light of interest are composite scaffolds usually made of polymer and ceramic combinations. Their main advantage is that they combine elasticity and tensile strength of a polymer with bioactivity and mechanical hardness of a ceramic, while removing drawbacks of each material. Powered by TCPDF (www.tcpdf.org)
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Osteoporosis - prevention and treatment of nutrition
KUBECOVÁ, Monika
The theme of the bachelor thesis is devoted to the issue of a disease called osteoporosis. In the theoretical part, I briefly describe the anatomy and physiology of bone, then I define what osteoporosis is, what are the risk factors, what is its incidence in the population and primarily I deal with the connection of nutrition and the prevention and treatment of the disease. The prevention emphasizes the importance of calcium, its food sources and other important elements associated with osteoporosis, such as vitamin D. The chapter concerning supplementation is crucial in the treatment of osteoporosis. In the practical part of my bachelor thesis, there was aimed to answer the questions on women's knowledge in the prevention of osteoporosis, and the behaviour of women in the prevention of nutritional perspective. The quantitative part of the survey was conducted by the questionnaires. I distributed the questionnaire in printed form to 74 women aged from 50 to 90 years. Then, I divided these women into two age categories, from 50 to 70 years and from 71 to 90 years. I have compiled the outcome of each question into a chart with the help of Microsoft Excel 2007. For the qualitative part of the research, two women wrote down their weekly eating habits into the record sheets. These practices were analysed with the help of a nutrition program Nutriservis, especially, I was interested in calcium content. According to the research results, most women have lack of calcium intake. The research also implies that they do not know the correct daily amounts of milk and dairy products, because they said that a reasonable portion is one or two dairy products a day.
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