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PPCP in water and their influence on water ecosystems
Bláhová, Marie ; Fuksa, Josef (advisor) ; Matoušková, Milada (referee)
The aim of the bachelor thesis is to identify the main representatives of a wide group of Pharmaceuticals and personal care products (PPCP for short) and to explain the reasons why they pose an increasing risk to aquatic ecosystems. In the theoretical part, the work is devoted to defining the concept of PPCP and explaining the main reasons why their concentration in the aquatic environment has been growing steadily in recent decades. It also deals with the division into the main groups of preparations found in the aquatic environment, their characteristics, documented impacts on aquatic organisms and currently detected concentrations in the world's rivers. In the following chapters, the thesis addresses the issue of the effectiveness of the removal of these substances and the mechanisms by which they can be improved. The work briefly summarizes the effects on the organisms caused by both bioaccumulation and endocrine disruption and at the end of the theoretical part deals with the properties of ten selected drugs, which are regularly detected in Czech rivers. The practical part evaluates the volume of sales of ten drugs in the Czech Republic during 2019, their detected concentrations in the rivers Vltava, Elbe, Morava and Dyje and processing these data to assess the risk of concentrations found for...
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The comparison of two waste water treatment systems - constructed wetlands and mechanical.
Dudíková, Kristýna ; Benešová, Libuše (advisor) ; Vymazal, Jan (referee)
This thesis is focused to the comparison of two wastewater treatment systems - constructed wetlands and mechanical-biological wastewater treatment plant. The main goal of the theses is to compare two types of wastewater treatment systems and to evaluate hypothesis that constructed wetlands are cheaper and more efficient than mechanical-biological wastewater treatment plant. To be able to compare two various wastewater treatment systems 18 (9 constructed wetlands and 9 mechanical-biological plants, three size groups of both types of plants) wastewater treatment plant were chosen and compared. The treatment effectiveness, investment and operating costs, advantages and disadvantages of both the systems were compared. The information about all individual systems was obtained from the local municipalities, operators and partially from the Ministry of Environment of CR. Obtained data involved treatment technology, amount of annual treated water, building data and capital and operating costs. In some waste water treatment plant (WWTP) the water samples were taken and the analyses of chosen parameters (not measured in WWTP) were done. Once in 2010 year the samples of water, sediments and sludges were taken and the analyses of heavy metals was done. For assessment of operational problems in constructed...
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Optimization of Energy Flow During WWTP Operation - Smart Area Net
Pěcha, Jiří ; Máša, Vítězslav (referee) ; Braciník,, Peter (referee) ; Mastný, Petr (advisor)
The dissertation work deals with the issue of water treatment and possibilities of energy savings during the operation of sewage treatment plants. The aim of the work is to find the potential of alternative energy use, economical consumption, improvement of the facility system management and quality improvement of the wastewater treatment process. In the first part of the work, operating processes, energy flows and energy savings are discussed. To analyze the problematics, larger sewage treatment plants were chosen. Thanks to their size, it was easier to find critical points and test the usage of renewable sources in operation. After the energy audit, the individual processes were assessed and real operation pitfalls were determined. Further steps led to focusing on smaller facilities up to 2 000 PE. This step was carried out with the intention of preparing these plants for the planned legislative change and helping to create or modernize more energy-efficient solutions. Thanks to the establishment of consortium of Brno University of Technology, the Department of Electric Power Engineering and a company dealing with water treatment and automation control, a solution was created that modernize the electrical, automation and water treatment part of the plant operation. This innovative application was installed in the sewage treatment plant, where the issues were debugged, control algorithms were tested and the entire operation was launched in automatic mode. At the end of the wastewater treatment plant modernization, PV panels were installed on the roof, thus partially suppling the object with renewable energy.
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Analýza korozní odolnosti strojního zařízení v čistírnách odpadních vod
Dobrocká, Iva
The thesis deals with the analysis of corrosion resistance of machinery used in wastewater treatment plants. The theoretical part of the thesis deals with the composition of waste water in terms of corrosion aggressiveness and describes the corrosive en-vironment in the WWTP. Furthermore, the types of corrosion are characterized and the exposed machinery of the WWTP with the highest level of corrosion is determined. The experimental part of the work is devoted to the analysis of corrosion resistance of corrosion-resistant austenitic steels and structural non-alloyed steels with duplex zinc coating and acrylate paint. Furthermore, structural low-alloyed steels with chemical-heat treatment by nitriding and ferritic nitrocarburizing in gas and structural non-alloyed steel with duplex system of phosphate + epoxy coating and zinc + epoxy coating are analysed as a possible replacement for stainless steels. The steels with duplex system of zinc + acrylate coating used in practice show little corrosion resistance (the first signs of corrosion after 12 h and 24 h). some chemical-heat treated steels and steel with duplex sys-tem of zinc + epoxy coating achieved the same corrosion resistance as stainless steels (264 h test time) and can be used in technical practice.
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Alternative solution and strength check of mechanical screens
Sommer, Matěj ; Malach, František (referee) ; Malášek, Jiří (advisor)
This master’s thesis deals with a new design of bar screens. The goal was to come up with an alternative design to already existing device by INKOS a. s. In the first part, there is a summary of various machines working in similiar conditions. The insights gained by this research influenced the design of the new device. It utilizes well proven solutions from previous projects, but some of these were reworked and a few new functions were added. Second part of the thesis describes the analytical solutions, which were used to determine the forces in the assembly during the operation of the device. Based on the results of these calculations, a strength analysis of important components was performed using the finite element method. The result of this thesis is the design and optimization of new bar screens, including engineering drawings and tools for its further development.
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Upgrading of wastewater treatment plant by means of MBR technology.
Spratková, Aneta ; Rusník,, Igor (referee) ; Hlavínek, Petr (advisor)
This diploma thesis is focused on the topic of membrane technologies used in wastewater treatment. The research part of the thesis deals with membrane separation of activated sludge, and the focus is on the submerged membrane modules. The thesis contains basic principles of MBR systems, an overview of used membrane modules, modes of operation, advantages and disadvantages of using this process. The practical part of the thesis proposes the intensification of WWTP Perná with using MBR technology. This part includes the technical-economic assessment of the activation WWTP with the third stage of treatment and activation WWTP with MBR.
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Harvesting and reuse of cellulose from wastewater
Kobzová, Kamila ; Úterský, Michal (referee) ; Hlavínek, Petr (advisor)
The goal of this diploma thesis is to highlight the properties of cellulose fibers obtained from waste water and the importance of recycling of raw materials. The main objective is then to further explore the possibilities of using cellulose fibers as a valuable product on the market. The practical part of the thesis is focused on specific research of cellulose properties and design of equipment for sewage treatment plant according to its size.
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Biologický vliv antropogenních polutantů přítomných v recipientech komunálních odpadních vod
PHAM, Thai Giang
Sewage treatment plant (STP) plays the important role to protect aquatic environment from anthropogenic pollution. However, recently, STP effluent discharge has been reported to contain a wide range of contaminants. Moreover, emerging contaminants such as PPCPs have been detected continuously. These compounds are commonly bioactive and their mode of action to non-target aquatic organism is unknown, especially, when they are present in a complex mixture. Therefore, concern about the effect of STP effluent on aquatic ecosystem has been raised. In this thesis, a wide range of emerging contaminants was measured with focus on pharmaceutical and personal care products (PPCPs) using polar organic chemical integrative samplers (POCISs) and mass-spectrometry approach. Two native organisms, common carp (Cyprinus carpio) and brown trout (Salmo trutta m. fario) which are representative to each receiving aquatic recipients (static water - Cezarka pond and running water - Zivny stream) were used as models to investigate the effect of STP effluent on aquatic organisms. In both recipients, STP effluent discharge changed the hydrochemical factors such as temperature and nutrients which consequently impact aquatic organisms. Wide range of PPCPs was detected in each type of recipients. 62 and 53 PPCPs were detected in Cezarka pond and Zivny stream; they belong to different groups such as antibiotic, psychoactive compound, hypertension drugs, illicit drugs and etc. The highest concentration of total PPCPs in Cezarka pond and Zivny were 14000 ng/POCIS and 3860 ng/POCIS which is 45 and 36-folds higher than in control areas, respectively. Due to the favor condition such as temperature and nutrient factor, fish from STP affected recipients grown faster than fish from the control sites. However, change of biomarkers suggests toxic signs in fish from both STP affected area. In fact, the increasing detoxifying processes were seen with elevation of CYP1A and CYP3A, reflecting the variation of total PPCPs concentrations in STP affected area. The endocrine disruption signs were investigated in fish from STP affected sites with elevation of vitellogenin concentration in blood plasma/ vitellogenin gene expression in hepatic tissue, irregular structure in gonad tissue, and postpone of spawning season. Despite ongoing natural reproduction, the effect on final spawning success was not sufficiently studied. Additionally, biochemical parameters reflecting stress condition (oxidative stress parameters) and internal equilibrium (blood biochemical and hematological parameters), also showed the disturbance of fish health which may be linked to pollutants from STP effluent. Moreover, the changes of microorganism composition were not only evident in lotic environment but also in intestine of fish from STP affected site. Elevation of total fat content but lower amount of omega-3 fatty acids were observed in muscle of fish from affected site. This finding suggests that further studies related to meat quality are needed. This thesis reflects the effect of STP effluent discharge to aquatic environment in a realistic condition. Although fish were externally in good condition at the end of the experiment, wide range of emerging pollutant compounds in water and changes of biochemical endpoint investigated in the two experiments suggest that more measures need to be applied to further reduce the pollutants from STP before discharged to natural condition.
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The partial model of sewage treatment plant
Novák, Petr ; Ptáček, Michal (referee) ; Radil, Lukáš (advisor)
The thesis deals with wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs). For the energetic self-sufficiency of the WWTP, it is necessary to study the operational background, equipment and their possible operational prediction for energy distribution over time and adaptation to any renewable energy (RES). It is also possible to optimize the operation to maximize the equalization of the input power. We're talking about small WWTPs up to 500 EP. Large purification blocks are also an option. The student will evaluate the current state of knowledge and try to design and possibly implement the financial savings of the given concept.
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