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Physiological status of young silver fir on stands with different microclimate using biochemical, and optical needle traits.
Kabilková, Eva ; Lhotáková, Zuzana (advisor) ; Pokorný, Radek (referee)
Silver fir (Abies alba Mill.) is a candidate tree species in the process of forest transformation especially of spruce monoculture stands (Picea Abies (L.) H. Karst.), thanks to its better growth characteristics in conditions of mild drought. However, fir, as a very shade tolerant tree, may be more susceptible to various abiotic stressors in more open forest canopies, and therefore it is necessary to study its ecological requirements in connection with the most effective possible application in forestry. In this thesis, the physiological state of young fir stands affected by different light microclimatic conditions, which were represented by different types of forest regeneration, was studied. Specifically, it is shelter-wood cut, which represents the likely highest degree of shading by mature trees, then natural regeneration under sparse canopy, gap cut and small clear cut, which represent a moderate degree of shading by mature trees, and last but not least, clear cut, which represents the lowest degree of shading. Physiological status was evaluated using biochemical and optical properties of the needles, and additional microclimatic conditions of the habitats, namely temperature and soil moisture, were also evaluated. Our results showed that the used biochemical and optical properties of the...
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Legionella
Váňová, Martina ; Voxová, Barbora (advisor) ; Janďourek, Ondřej (referee)
8 2. ABSTRACT Charles University in Prague, Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové Department of Biological and Medical Sciences Degree programme: Laboratory diagnostics in healthcare Author: Martina Váňová Supervisor: PharmDr. Barbora Voxová Consultant: Ing. Pavlína Silvestrová Title of bachelor thesis: Legionella The bachelor's thesis deals with the issue of the bacterial genus Legionella sp., especially its laboratory diagnostics from the water. The purpose of this work is to summarise so far known facts and a description of the methods practiced the standard laboratory practice. Then, a statistical evaluation of the occurrence of legionela in the Vysočina Region, the South Moravian Region, the Olomouc Region, the Zlín Region and the Moravian-Silesian Region from 2012 to 2022 based on information provided by the State Health Institute located in Ostrava. There we specific mediums used for cultivation, where special filters or a small volume of water were applied. The cultivation was carried out for 7-14 days. The agglutination tests were used for the specific determination of the species. The bacterial genus Legionella is characterized by its occurrence in the hot water pipes, in places with water stagnation, in air conditioners, especially in hospitals or recreational facilities. The cultivation of...
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Physiological and neurobiological correlates of personality traits
Kubelková, Klára ; Nekovářová, Tereza (advisor) ; Jonáš, Juraj (referee)
This paper seeks to provide an overview of the molecular, genetic, as well as structural and functional correlates of personality traits known to date, focusing primarily on typology according to the extensively used "NEO PI-R" ("Big Five") classification. It also attempts to discuss, at least briefly, the methodology for obtaining both neurobiological and psychological data and its validity. Finally, it aims to highlight the strengths and weaknesses of the neurobiological approach to personality, its potential benefits and pitfalls. It does not aim to establish the exact proportion of biological and sociological factors, but to elucidate the mechanisms involved in this biological conditioning. Although there is now a vast amount of research on the biological substrate of personality, there is considerable inconsistency among these studies, both in terms of methodology and the results provided. Moreover, only a small number of them attempt to explain their findings in terms of possible mechanisms of their effect and thus to integrate them into the broader picture of the brain-personality connection. These and many other limitations of neurobiological research on personality, which receive considerable attention in this thesis, are only a proof of the immense complexity of the human brain and human...
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The impact of small phenolic metabolites of flavonoids (propionic acids) on the iron-catalysed Fenton reaction
Spiller, Sára ; Lomozová, Zuzana (advisor) ; Karlíčková, Jana (referee)
Charles University Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové Department of Pharmacognosis and Pharmaceutical Botany Candidate: Sára Spiller Supervisor: PharmDr. Zuzana Lomozová, Ph.D. Title of diploma thesis: The impact of small phenolic metabolites of flavonoids (propionic acids) on the iron-catalysed Fenton reaction Keywords: iron, flavonoid, Fenton reaction, antioxidant, pro-oxidant Iron is an essential element, necessary for the proper functioning of the human body. It is involved in many cellular processes where it acts as a cofactor. It is physiologically very important, especially for its ability to readily accept and deliver electrons. Its amount in the body is strictly regulated because in excess of the free metal, harmful radical reactions and the development of oxidative stress could result. Oxidative stress is responsible for many pathological processes. Flavonoids are natural polyphenolic substances that are found in many plants. Their consumption is associated with beneficial effects on human health, including antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and cardioprotective properties. Despite their beneficial effects, they may, under certain circumstances, possess pro-oxidant effects related to their redox properties. During the metabolism of flavonoids, the gut microbiome degrades them to simple...
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Security Analysis of Selected SOHO Router
Richtarik, Jakub ; Holop, Patrik (referee) ; Tamaškovič, Marek (advisor)
Pre narastajúci počet zamestnancov pracujúcich na home office a zvyšujúci sa počet IoT zariadení v domácnostiach, je čoraz viac potrebné používať dostatočne zabezpečné smerovače. Cieľom tejto práce je preskúmať vybrané SOHO (small office/home office) smerovače, zástupcov aktuálne predávaných domácich smerovačov, z pohľadu bezpečnosti. Dokument taktiež demonštruje postup a metódy, ktoré je možné použiť pri testovaní a analýze iných smerovačov a IoT zariadení.
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Vacuolar aspartic protease of Candida albicans
Hirko, Dominik ; Heidingsfeld, Olga (advisor) ; Dostál, Jiří (referee)
Aspartic proteases (APs) are crucial for diverse cellular processes. This thesis delves into the complexities of protein expression and characterization of vacuolar aspartic endoprotease Apr1p from Candida albicans, comparing it to its Saccharomyces cerevisiae ortholog, Pep4p. Recombinant expression of Apr1p in Escherichia coli yielded the inactive proenzyme, proApr1p. Extensive refolding efforts failed to produce mature, active Apr1p, suggesting a reliance on intricate cellular machinery or specific post-translational modifications for activation. Attempts to leverage vacuolar enzymes or cell lysates for proApr1p activation were unsuccessful, potentially due to the fragility of isolated vacuoles and the complex mixture of enzymes in cell lysates. Positive results emerged when Apr1p was expressed in S. cerevisiae, where fractionated cell lysates exhibited specific proteolytic activity at acidic pH after inhibiting serine and metalloproteases proteases. The eukaryotic system can probably produce active Apr1p. However, after preliminary small-scale experiments, upscaling of Apr1p expression in S. cerevisiae will be necessary in order to obtain sufficient amount of protein for further characterization. A reciprocal gene swap experiment, exchanging PEP4 in S. cerevisiae with APR1 and vice versa,...
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Advanced electron diffraction methods for structural description of zeolites
Laštovičková, Anna ; Mazur, Michal (advisor) ; Tyrpekl, Václav (referee)
Electron diffraction (ED) is a powerful tool for the structure determination of crystalline materials. It offers an alternative to single crystal X-ray diffraction (SCXRD) that is often limited by the size of synthesized crystals. Electron diffraction allows analysis of materials at the nanoscale, thus it is particularly useful for samples which crystals are too small for other methods. ED utilizes electrons for collection of diffraction patterns that can be performed in a transmission electron microscope (TEM). Collected ED patterns are further analyzed allowing for the determination of unit cell parameters, lattice type, and even the crystal structure itself. Nevertheless, the effective structure determination from standard ED patterns requires in-depth expertise and data collection is time consuming. Current development of ED methods focuses on the facilitation and automatization of data collection and processing. Notably, highly advanced, continuous rotation electron diffraction (cRED) data collection takes only a few minutes enabling structure determination within a single day. In this work, I present the utilization of cRED method for the structural characterization of zeolites. These materials are often synthesized as polycrystalline samples with crystals of nanometer in size. This makes...
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Preparation and properties of cyanide-transforming enzymes and their analytical uses
Šťastná, Katarína ; Martínková, Ludmila (advisor) ; Čermáková, Michaela (referee)
Cyanides are compounds that are both naturally occurring and used in various industries. Their negative effects on human health, but also on the environment, have been demonstrated and their occurrence should therefore be monitored. The aim of this master thesis is the enzymatic determination of free cyanide, focusing on the characterization and application of specific enzymes within enzymatic cascades. The main objectives include the production and purification of key enzymes involved in cyanide conversion, namely cyanide hydratase (CynH), formamidase (AmiF), and cyanide dihydratase (CynD). The enzymes' catalytic properties and effectiveness in detecting cyanide were assessed. Spectrophotometric techniques were used to measure intermediates and products enzymatic reactions. The development, testing and optimization of enzyme cascades was carried out to demonstrate their feasibility and efficiency in cyanide determination. As a result, two selective, sensitive and rapid enzymatic assays for the detection of free cyanide have been developed. The proposed assays require small amounts of samples, enzymes and other components and enable rapid cyanide determination in less than two hours. Overall, this research contributes to the advancement of methods for cyanide analysis, with potential applications...
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Religious and church life in the Central Bohemia countryside between 1848 and 1948: case of Mirošovice region
Tomek, Michal ; Zdichynec, Jan (advisor) ; Foltýn, Dušan (referee)
The diploma thesis deals with the topic of religious life in the Mirošovice microregion. Its aim is to present the religiosity of the local inhabitants in individual villages of the micro-region and its changes during the period 1848-1948. In order to provide the necessary context, some events and developmental trends that do not fall directly into this time period are also presented, but are nevertheless essential for understanding regional religiosity. The time frame between these years is chosen due to the two revolutionary years of significance for the Czech lands. The revolutionary year 1948 has been chosen because of the harsh anti-religious policy imposed by the communists, which had a profound effect on the church and religious life of the region. The author also discusses the most important churches that were of great importance to the people of the region, not only in their religious life. These churches are primarily the Roman Catholic Church, which had its deanery in Mnichovice and the parish in Hrusice. Also important was the Czechoslovak Hussite Church having its separate congregation in Mnichovice. Furthermore, the work focuses on church buildings and parishes in the region. It also introduces figures who had a major share in the religiosity of the inhabitants, such as local priests...
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Characterization and application of zwitterionic stationary phases in HPLC
Machová, Dominika ; Kalíková, Květa (advisor) ; Kubíčková, Anna (referee)
This diploma thesis deals with the characterization and comparison of two zwitterionic stationary phases of SeQuant ZIC-HILIC and Atlantis Premier BEH Z-HILIC columns. Analyses were performed in the hydrophilic interaction liquid chromatography (HILIC) separation mode. The ligand bound to both stationary phases of these columns is identical, sulfoalkylbetaine. The main difference between these stationary phases is in the particles to which the ligands are bound. The type of the particles significantly contributes to different interaction and separation properties of the stationary phases. Firstly, for the basic characterization of these stationary phases, a Tanaka's test was performed. The results of this test showed that the SeQuant ZIC-HILIC column has greater cation-exchange properties than the Atlantis Premier BEH Z-HILIC column, which, has on the other hand greater anion-exchange properties. Both stationary phases showed a higher value of the parameter describing hydrophilicity than hydrophobicity, confirming their polar nature. The properties of the stationary phases were further examined and compared based on the analysis of model analytes. These analytes included a range of small polar analytes, acids, bases, ampholytes, neutral analytes, and their mixtures. Analyses were performed at...
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