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Mikroskopické houby v jeskyních a jiných podzemních prostorách
Horáková, Karolína ; Kubátová, Alena (vedoucí práce) ; Hujslová, Martina (oponent)
Tato bakalářská práce je literární rešerší zabývající se diverzitou mikroskopických hub v jeskyních, popřípadě v podzemních prostorách vytvořených člověkem. Jeskyně představují unikátní prostředí pro život organismů charakterictické specifickými mikroklimatickými podmínkami a omezeným zdrojem živin. V práci jsem se podrobněji zaměřila na mikromycety, které byly v prostředí jeskyní izolované ze sedimentů, z ovzduší, z mrtvého hmyzu a z exkrementů. V další části práce se podrobněji věnuji druhu Geomyces destructans, který způsobuje u hibernujících netopýrů nemoc zvanou syndrom bílého nosu - geomykózu. Je to problematika, která v poslední době vzbuzuje velkou pozornost vědců z řad mykologů, zoologů i parazitologů.
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Palaeomagnetic research of cave fill in Hermanshöhle, Austria : final report
Bosák, Pavel ; Pruner, Petr ; Mock, A.
Zpráva je volně šiřitelná od roku 2015. Anotace: Detailed paleomagnetic analysis of sedimentary profile at Teichkluft showed that sediments are characterized by varying magnetic susceptibilities and NRM with increasing tendency of anisotropy parameter with increase of susceptibility. The component analysis identified 2 short R polarity intervals (0.41 m; 2.19–2.26 m) within samples with the N polarity. Rock magnetic and AMS measurements indicated mostly the presence of oblate, low coercivity magnetic fraction, presumably magnetite. However, the R polarity interval (2.19–2.26 m) revealed also other, higher coercivity fraction (maybe due to hematite/goethite content). The identity of this fraction is still unknown. The R polarity interval in 0.41 m represents a geomagnetic excursion without any doubt. The sedimentary profile with the R polarity interval in 0.41 m must be older than 162.7 ± 3.9 ka old topmost speleothem. The paleomagnetic directions (D, I) are very close to the present magnetic field. Therefore we assume deposition of studied sediments within the Brunhes chron (<780 Ka) and the excursion may be correlated with Jamaica-Pringle Falls (205–215 ka) or Calabrian Ridge 1 excursions (315–325 ka; Langereis et al. 1997). Other Th/U date was obtained at the tourist trail opposite to Teichkluft entrance (ca 495 ka +67/-41 ka) in an altitude corresponding to the top of the Teichkluft profile. This might indicate that the Teichkluft was completely or nearly completely filled twice (before 163 and ca 495 ka) and once completely excavated (between ca 205/325 and ca 495 ka). The fragments of cuticle of ring-like shape at the level of 2.30 m belongs to attemsiid millipedes. The probability that fragments represent Polyphematia moniliformis (Latzel, 1884; Diplopoda: Chordeumatida: Attemsiidae) known in the cave is high. It is supposed they are Tertiary relict (Mock and Tajovský 2008). It is not detected, if fragments represent relics of recent/subrecent animal
Plný tet: 0443832 Hermanshoehle_report_final -  PDF
Plný text: content.csg - PDF
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Nálezy nových druhů troglofilních mnohonožek
Tajovský, Karel ; Mlejnek, R.
Recentní výzkum ukázal, že druhová rozmanitost bezobratlých živočichů žijících v jeskyních ČR je daleko větší, než se dříve předpokládalo. Ve 32 jeskyních bylo nalezeno 35 druhů mnohonožek, což představuje zhruba polovinu známé fauny v ČR. V prostředí jeskyní hrají mnohonožky významnou úlohu při rozkladu přítomných organických zbytků a ovlivňují přítomnost a šíření přítomných mikroorganismů, zejména mikroskopických hub. Tlející dřevo a ostatní rostlinné materiály ponechané v jeskyních poskytují životní prostředí pro tyto bezobratlé. Významné jsou nálezy druhu .i.Brachychaeteuma bradeae./i. v 6 jeskyních a druhu .i.Macrosternodesmus palicola./i. v Mladečských jeskyních.
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New localities of coarsely crystalline cryogenic cave carbonates in Slovakia
Orvošová, M. ; Vlček, L. ; Žák, Karel
Three new localities of coarsely crystalline cryogenic cave carbonates (CCCcoarse) have been recently discovered in the Western Carpathians, Slovakia. CCCcoarse are secondary mineral formations in the cave and belong to speleothems. They occur in the form of loose accumulations of calcite crystals and crystal aggregates freely deposited on the bottom of the cavities. Their genesis is interpreted as related to slow karst-water freezing in pools inside the caves, in relation to the existence of a permafrost zone during Quaternary glacials. The newly discovered CCCcoarse localities in Četníkova svadba Cave, Demänovská j. mieru Cave and Zlomísk Cave are characterized by description and photodocumentation of the present crystal forms, by preliminary C and O isotope data, and by their U-series ages. The ages of the cryogenic crystals are in the range between 47 and 12 ka BP, corresponding to the latter half of the Last Glacial. Any new locality of CCCcoarse formed during the Last Glacial represents an important source of information about paleoclimatic conditions of adjacent areas. The U-series ages of the new localities support the earlier conclusion that the formation of CCCcoarse is related to transitions from cold to warm climate periods within the Last Glacial.
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Magnetic fabric and mineralogy of cave deposits in Botovskaya Cave (Eastern Siberia, Russian Federation)
Kadlec, Jaroslav ; Hercman, H. ; Chadima, Martin ; Lisá, Lenka ; Oberhänsli, H. ; Osintsev, A.
The Botovskaya Cave is a typical example of a two-dimensional maze with a total length of explored passages exceeding 60 km, which represents the longest limestone cave system in the Russian Federation. The clastic cave sediments filling the cave passages differ in both mineral and mineral magnetic properties and were deposited under different hydrological conditions. The older portion of the clastic cave fills was derived from overlying sandstones, whereas the properties of younger cave sediments show closer affinity to the soils and weathering products originating on the sandstone plateau above the cave. The cave sediments underwent repeated periods of deposition and erosion during the Tertiary and Pleistocene.
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Valley incision in the Nízké Tatry Mts. (Slovakia) estimated based on paleomagnetic and radiometric cave sediment datings
Kadlec, Jaroslav ; Bella, P. ; Čížková, Kristýna ; Granger, D. E. ; Hercman, H. ; Holúbek, P. ; Chadima, Martin ; Orvošová, M. ; Pruner, Petr ; Schnabl, Petr ; Šlechta, Stanislav
Up to eleven horizontal cave levels occur at different altitudes in Jánska, Demänovská and Mošnická karst valleys in the Nízke Tatry Mts. Most of the caves are filled with allochthonous sediments transported from the area formed mostly by granite. The cave levels were filled with fluvial sediments in dependence on the valleys incision caused by Neogene and Pleistocene uplift of the mountain range. The fluvial sediments are intercalated with, or capped, by flowstone layers in the caves. The paleomagnetic polarities measured both in clastic and chemogenic sediments indicate the age of deposition. Based on obtained polarity data we are able to distinguish cave sediments deposited during the Brunhes, Matuyama and Gauss chrons. The paleomagnetic interpretation was partly verified by U-series datings of flowstones preserved in the sedimentary sections. Except for the horizontal cave levels located in the karst valleys, additional large cave systems were found at extremely high altitudes in the Nízke Tatry Mts. 600–700 m above the lowest horizontal cave level.
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Miocene-Pliocene age of cave Snežna Jama na Raduhi, Southern Alps, Slovenia
Mihevc, A. ; Horáček, I. ; Pruner, Petr ; Zupan Hajna, N. ; Čermák, Stanislav ; Wagner, Jan ; Bosák, Pavel
Snežna jama cave is 1,600 m long horizontal cave at about 1,500 m a.s.l. in Raduha Massif (Kamnik-Savinja Alps) rich in cave deposits (both allogenic sediments and massive flowstones). The cave size, shape and deposits show (1) formation of the cave in different conditions, and (2) its substantial age. A 4.8 m deep pit was excavated in allogenic sediments. Samples were taken both for palaeomagnetic analysis and palaeontological screening. Sediments consist of rhythmically arranged layers deposited in phreatic conditions. Fragments of rodent teeth and a well-preserved molar of genus Baranomys were identified. Fossil remains indicate mammalian zone MN 16 and MN 14. A high-resolution palaeomagnetic analysis revealed total of 3 principal normal polarized and 2 principal reverse polarized magnetozones. If we accept the palaeontologic calibration, the deposition took place within Gauss and Gilbert chrons, from about 2.6 to more than 5 Ma. Long sedimentation period is in concordance with the cave rocky relief that shows phreatic and epiphreatic morphology and predates the main uplift of the area for about 900 m.
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