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Causes and Ethnic Features of Conflict in Albania in 1997
Řezáčová, Veronika ; Králová, Kateřina (advisor) ; Pikal, Kamil (referee)
This bachelor's thesis deals with the primary and secondary causes and possible features of the riots in Albania in 1997. As the primary cause of the conflict the crash of the pyramid schemes and the subsequent economic collapse are identified. The thesis aims to prove that the first step toward the conflict was made earlier. The lack of democratic transformation and dysfunctional state apparatus after the fall of communism has become a prerequisite for the outbreak of the conflict. From March 1992 to June 1997 the Democratic Party reigned under the leadership of Sali Berisha. Since the post-communist transformation took place mainly in the first half of the nineties, it is assumed that the Democratic Party with Sali Berisha was instrumental in the emergence of the conflict. The hypothesis is that President Berisha not only caused, but also deliberately deepened the conflict. Two Albanian ethnicities Ghegs and Tosks play an important role in determining the causes of the conflict. Their relations are not completely idyllic and during the historic events rivalry and tension have frequently resurfaced. In the time of communism problems between Ghegs and Tosks were pushed into the background and therefore the thesis assumes that during the post-communist transformation disputes between Ghegs and Tosks...
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Phylogeography of the genus Squalius in Albania
Lerch, Zdeněk ; Švátora, Miroslav (advisor) ; Kalous, Lukáš (referee)
The thesis is focused on the issue of the Squalius genus phylogeography in Albania in the Balkan region. Phylogenetic analyses of sequence variation at mitochondrial genes (cytochrome b) were used to examine these issues for the freshwater fish genus Squalius from various river systems in the Adriatic Sea region. There were identified 3 genetic lineages of vague taxonomic position where the genetic variation amount to 1.6-2.1 %. The first lineage is distributed in north of Albania and in the whole Periadriatic region, the second lineage is especially spread to northern part of Albania and the third lineage covers especially the zone of the European ancient lake systems on the Balkan Peninsula (Lake Ohrid and Prespa), from where expands to the southern part of Albania. There sympatrically coincide the both lineage in the hydrological river-lake system of Drin and Skadar. The phylogenetic and taxonomic position of the Squalius genus in the region seems to be interesting topic for subsequent and more detailed study. Keywords: Squalius, Albania, cytochrome b, phylogeography
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Islam and Communist regimes in the Balkans
Šimek, Petr ; Pikal, Kamil (advisor) ; Tejchman, Miroslav (referee)
The purpose of this academic paper is to describe and understand the existence of Muslim communities within communist states in the Balkans region. Three states in particular are subject of research- Yugoslavia, Bulgaria and Albania. All these states have significant Muslim population and Islam has played an important role in their history. Based on study of sources and relevant literature, this paper answers five fundamental questions: 1. How did communist states of Yugoslavia, Bulgaria and Albania treat their Muslim population and their religion? 2. What influence did the development of individual countries within the world communist movement have on the fate of their Muslim minorities? 3. Did the development within these countries have any influence on their Muslim populations? 4. Was there some influence of Islam on the policies of these communist states? 5. Can we trace any influence of internal religious policies in Albania, Yugoslavia and Bulgaria in relations with third party states? This paper concludes that: 1. The best quality of life for Muslim communities was found in communist Yugoslavia. In Bulgaria the situation of the Turkish minority that represents Islam in the country was continually worsening during the whole of communist period. The development in Albania was very specific as...
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The aspects of neo-Ottomanism in the Turkish foreign policies toward Albania, Bosnia-Herzegovina and Kosovo
Nagy, Gergely ; Aslan, Emil (advisor) ; Pikal, Kamil (referee)
The thesis examines the aspects of neo-Ottomanism in Turkish foreign policies toward three Balkan countries - Albania, Bosnia and Herzegovina and Kosovo -, focusing on the developments of the last decade. Turkey has become quite active in the Balkans and in these countries in the last few years, however, this activism is not without any antecendents. These areas were the core European territories of the Ottoman Empire and after the dissolution of this entity, Turkey still attached special importance to these countries, albeit during the Cold War relations were cooler. On the other hand, with the fall of the Iron Curtain, the rise of the AK Party to government position and Ahmet Davutoglu becoming Minister of Foreign Affairs in Turkey, the Balkans started to receive particular "limelight" in Turkish foreign policy. New ideas, expressions, approaches were incorporated into the forming self-confident and assertive foreign policy of Turkey. However, this new policy, referred to as neo- Ottomanism in many cases, infered criticisms too, from the West and from local politicians in the Balkans too. The thesis aims to remake and remodel this expression by highlighting other, more positive elements of it. Turkey's political, economic, cultural and military relations with Albania, Bosnia and Herzegovina and...
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Business and cultural specifics of Albania
Netíková, Kateřina ; Müllerová, Františka (advisor) ; Novák, Pavel (referee)
The aim of this Bachelor's thesis is to explain the specifics of Albania in the business and cultural area, also helpful for business and tourism. The first chapter introduces Albania as a country located in Southeastern Europe, on the Balkan Peninsula. This chapter mentions its natural conditions, history, and population. Also important is the knowledge of the economic situation of the country, religion, and individual economic sectors. The second chapter analyzes the foreign trade of Albania, its major trading partners, Albania's membership in international organizations, and the question of entry into the EU. The chapter also deals with mutual relations between the Czech Republic and Albania. Following this chapter is a subchapter with a questionnaire survey conducted among companies in the Czech Republic. The aim of the investigation was to determine whether the companies are aware of Albania, or are interested in business cooperation. The third and final chapter discusses the Albanian culture and its impact on business. Finally, the darker sides of this country are mentioned, including organized crime and child labour.
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Sustainable tourism development in the selected destination - Albania
Korbajová, Nikola ; Indrová, Jarmila (advisor) ; Abrhám, Josef (referee)
The final thesis deals with the sustainable tourism development in the destination of Albania. First chapter tries to explain the most important definitions such as sustainable development in its general conception and the sustainable tourism development as the specific form. Second chapter describes Albania as a country with basic information, history or economic situation. Third chapter follows describing Albania as a tourist destination. Last chapter represents the key part of the whole document. It analyses the sustainability in the development of tourism in the country with the final creation of SWOT analysis and recommendations.
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Transformation of the Wester Balkans with a special emphasis on the role of Stabilisation and Association Process
Řehořová, Veronika ; Němcová, Ingeborg (advisor) ; Karpová, Eva (referee) ; Lipková, Ludmila (referee) ; Brož, Martin (referee)
This dissertation thesis is focused on the analysis of changing relations between the Western Balkan countries (WB) and the European Union (EU) against background of actual transformation processes in these countries. The Western Balkans represents a group of countries which were not part of so-called Eastern Enlargement of the EU, but are also slowly heading towards the EU. The EU distinguishes three groups of countries within the WB: Croatia has become an acceding country; then here is a group of candidate countries (Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia (FYROM), Montenegro, Serbia), and the last group is formed by so-called potential candidate countries (Albania, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Kosovo). All of these above mentioned countries are part of the Stabilisation and Association Process (SAP) which nowadays represents the core of the Enlargement Policy of the EU and stands for the main research topic of this thesis. The thesis also comprehends the history of the enlargement process of the EU and the basic theoretical concepts of the (EU) enlargement. The "transformation" chapter includes a theoretical grounding too. Three hypotheses were verified (mainly) by results of transformation, evaluation of Copenhagen criteria by the European Commission, and by the statistical methods (Principal Components Analysis and Cluster Analysis) based on a number of economic and demographic indicators.
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Western Balkans and Austrian position on the EU integration of Western Balkans
Holopírková, Petra ; Dubský, Zbyněk (advisor) ; Abrhám, Josef (referee)
Rozbor oficiálních stanovisek EU k rozšíření EU o země Západního Balkánu (Chorvatsko, Makedonie, Černá Hora, Albánie, BiH, Srbsko, nově Kosovo) ukazuje na zdrženlivost EU k vlastnímu aktu přijetí. Přes všechna prohlášení o vůli přijmout tyto země, tato vyjádření zůstávají spíše proklamací, bez vyhlášení konkrétních dat přijetí těchto zemí do společenství. Na rozdíl od Rakouska, která jako jediná země EU deklaruje co nejrychlejší rozšíření EU o země Západního Balkánu přímo ve vládním programu jako prioritu své zahraniční politiky. Motivace Rakouska je založena na důkladné ekonomické analýze situace, kdy Rakouské investice do těchto zemí jsou nejvyšší ze všech zemí EU. Mezi Rakouskem a zeměmi Západního Balkánu a Rakouskem probíhá čilý obchod i pohyb osob, na který ostatní země EU nejsou ještě připraveny. Překážkou rychlého přijetí se tedy jeví důvody povahy nikoliv ekonomické, ale politické. Evropská unie se shoduje na roku 2008 jako na roku klíčovém v přístupových jednáních. V době publikace této práce ovšem EU nebyla s to jako celek schválit nezávislost Kosova. Minimálně tento bod zůstává otevřen k dořešení v roce 2008 spolu s dalšími body týkajícími se příštího rozšíření. EU má v této chvíli (duben 2008) jasno, že favorizovanými kandidáty pro přístup jsou Chorvatsko, Makedonie a Albánie, zatím bez konkrétního data přístupu.
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Analýza bankovního sektoru ve vybraných zemích východní Evropy
Křížek, Tomáš ; Dvořák, Petr (advisor) ; Janda, Karel (referee)
The thesis analyzes the banking sectors in selected countries of CEE region, in particular in Albania, Serbia, and Bosnia and Herzegovina and compares their development with the Czech Republic as it is CEE country with one of the most advanced banking sectors in the region. Three parts of the paper analyzing separately each of the countries are supplemented by country comparison and final conclusions. General development, development of banking sector as well as banking market and financial performance of banks are examined. As a conclusion, all the countries develop in a different way and with different starting conditions. Albania relies more on qualitative development with low absolute figures but high relative indicators with respect to the utilization of available resources. The development in Serbia is rather quantitative, in contrary to the situation in Albania. Bosnia and Herzegovina is progressing quite ambiguously also due to uncertain political situation in the country. It can be also concluded that all the three countries still have to go a long way to reach comparable level of their banking systems with the Czech Republic.
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