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Concept of Democracy by Tomáš Garrigue Masaryk
Procházková, Kamila ; Stracený, Josef (advisor) ; Jirásková, Věra (referee)
The aim of the Masters thesis is to connect Masaryk's theoretical thinking about democracy with his political practice. The first part of this thesis explains the concept of democracy and changes of the approaches to democracy in European thought. The second part clarifies the Masaryk's thoughts on democracy, politics, morality, humanity and realism which develops in the context of Czech nation and it's history. The third and final part of this thesis depicts the Masaryk practical politics and his participation in public life. In particular it describes the public disputes in which Masaryk figured, his parliamentary activities, a working and a program of czechoslovak resistence abroad and his life as the President of the Czechoslovak Republic. The analytical and comparative methods are used in this thesis. Keywords democracy, policy, morality, humanity, realism, czech question
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Masaryk's concept of democracy
Kuchař, Roman ; Šimsa, Martin (advisor) ; Franěk, Jakub (referee)
This bachelor's thesis is focused on normative concept of democracy which we encounter in the thoughts of Tomas Garrigue Masaryk, significant figure of the Czech history in the areas of social (political) life and science. The objective of the thesis is to capture as accurately as possible Masaryk's idea of democracy as a certain synthesis of moral and political opinion (conviction) of the author. This concept is further illustrated through his critical interpretation by personalities following up the tradition of Czech philosophical humanism and by insertion in the context of chosen theories of democracy. The implementation of the said objective will lead to clarifying values, offering answer to ever existing question concerning crisis of modern people. Although Masaryk's solution is highly normative and outdated in many aspects presently, it is one of the few really elaborated proposals presented in the question concerning crisis of modern people. This thesis puts forth the opinion that Masaryk's concept of democracy is still inspirational, although it requires updating based on historical experience of the last century.
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Female Nudes in Paintings Dutch Renaissance Masters. Interpretations of Works of Art from Czech Collections.
Nerudová, Magdalena ; Jarošová, Markéta (advisor) ; Nespěšná Hamsíková, Magdaléna (referee)
Female Nudes in Paintings Dutch Renaissance Masters. Interpretations of Works of Art from Czech Collections. Abstract The bachelor thesis focused on a few selected works by Dutch Renaissance masters. The bachelor thesis is based on women nudes. To be more precise it stands on portrayal of woman nude in the art works of Dutch Renaissance painters. The nudes were divided into three different thematic groups. First group is focused on paintings with the sacral theme (Madonna and child, Susannah and the Elders, The death of Mary Magdalena). Second group brings out paintings with the profane theme (Half- length Figure of a Woman Naked to the Waist). The last group concentrates paintings of Ancient Rome (The Suicide of Sophonisba, The Suicide of Lucretia). The art works, that were chosen to be scrutinize, can be found in the czech collections of art. Each and every painting was characterized in detail using the iconography analysis, set in the period and compared to other art works that relate to them and are placed in worldwide galleries. This thesis aim is to accurate the significance of women nudes in the art works of the Dutch Renaissance masters.
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Logos in Aristotle's ethics
Adamec, Jaromír ; Špinka, Štěpán (advisor) ; Thein, Karel (referee)
The aim of the diploma theses "Logos in Aristotle Ethics" is to interpret meaning of the term "logos" in Aristotle's work "Nicomachean Ethics". The basic methodical guideline is the structuralist assumption, that a meaning of a term is determined by its relations to other terms contained within the text, and the related assumption of unity of the meaning of the term "logos". The interpretation itself first analyzes structure of several crucial terms, most importantly the relation of a human individual to the society, the concepts of the good, the reality and the possibility, the true and the illusory, and the concept of the natural. The structure of use of the term "logos" is then analyzed in relation to these concepts. These investigations are completed by analysis of the terms of virtue and action. By the means of the structural analysis of these terms, the existence of a distinctive level of reality is established, which is captured by the term "humanity". The existence of humanity is the central point of interest in Aristotle's ethics. In the horizontal regard, there are two poles of humanity - the individual human and the society. In the vertical regard, the humanity is situated between divinity, to which it is related, and bestiality, to which it threatens to fall. Logos is then a kind of...
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Cultivation of humanity as a task of education
VOVSÍKOVÁ, Edita
The thesis of a theoretical character deals with the cultivation of humanity as a task of education. The work summarizes the areas affecting the topic of humanity and education. Firstly, the work describes the meaning of humanity which is present in one of modern philosophical disciplines called philosophy of education. It also introduces the educational process forming an integrated system of precise rules. Within the process, factors forming the process are described. These are: educator who is a guide in the educational process; the educated person who is not only the object but also the subject of the process; environment which plays a significant role in education and involves a variety of participants. The last part of the thesis deals with education as a process of humanization and describes various aspects affecting the process of humanization.
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Integration of Migrants into the Czech Society
Pokorný, Martin ; Havlík, Radomír (advisor) ; Kubišová, Zuzana (referee)
The aim of my diploma work is to study the subject of integration of foreigners into the Czech society. For that purpose I intend to use research questionnaires and to compare my results with results of other researches conducted by NGOs. Secondary aim is to map legal status of foreigners in the Czech Republic, historical reasons for migration and its development, and the composition of migrating population in Europe. Furthermore, I will focus on access to health and social insurance and to the health care system as well as on education and work opportunities which foreigners have in the Czech Republic.
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The theory of human democracy
Kolář, Rostislav ; Pinz, Jan (advisor) ; Maršálek, Pavel (referee)
Theory of human democracy The purpose of thesis is to analyse the question of human democracy and to find conclusion if this concept is eligible for society here and now. Author uses analytical, synthetical and historical methods in order to catch the goal of the paper. This research is dealed into universal part and specific part as a logical process. First author finds the problems and after that offer solutions. In concrete how to make from partial democracy, i. e. formal democracy, after accentuation her deficiencies process of changes to full, material democracy. The thesis is composed of seven chapters, each of them dealing with different aspects of topic. Chapter One is introductory and defines basic terminology used in the thesis. The chapter two is subdivided into two parts, where author describes genesis and short historical introduction of democracy and humanity. In Chapter Three the most important ideas of human democracy are mentioned, for example idea of humanity, freedom, equality and fraternity. Result of this part is of course fact, that democracy is expression of sovereignty of people. Last chapter in universal part consists of four subchapters, where analyse of relation between democracy and liberalism is. After that special part follows, which is divided into three chapters. First author...
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Word That Matters. Humanity and Ethics in the Thought of Emmanuel Lévinas
Vik, Dalibor ; Vogel, Jiří (advisor) ; Pelcová, Naděžda (referee) ; Altrichter, Michal (referee)
In five chapters, this thesis traces the question of humanity in the thought of the French philosopher Emmanuel Lévinas, mainly in his works De l'évasion (1935), De l'existence à l'existant (1947), Totalité et infini (1961) and Éthique comme philosophie première (1982), which represent various stages of his philosophical development. It offers an exposition of Lévinas's most original concepts, follows their development and sketches their parallel and/or polemic concepts in the European thought, placing them within the context of Lévinas's life-work. For Lévinas, the question of humanity appears as a transpostition of the question of God, who can not become an object of rational inquiry. In conclusion, the question of humanity becomes the theological issue par excellence. This study tries to show how theology can draw inspiration from Lévinas's concepts in various manners: (1) methodology: Lévinas shows what happens to our thought when we follow the principle Sein-lassen in questionning God and when we take this principle as a basis of our theological research; (2) re-thinking: Lévinas offers a critical revision of traditional theological concepts and endows them with existential meaning, (3) marginalized phenomena: Lévinas thoroughly analyzes phenomena, which has been neglected or marginalized by the...
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Relationship between "Ich" and "Der andere" in Améry's "Hand an sich legen"
Straková, Zuzana ; Kouba, Petr (advisor) ; Švec, Ondřej (referee)
(in English) This thesis deals with the relationship between The Self and The Other as presented in the works of Jean Améry, especially in his book about suicide. To think about the relationship between these two agents means also to think about freedom, humanity, the right to life, and the right to voluntary death. The first part of the thesis is concerned with the definitions of the relevant concepts; the second part reflects on the concept of voluntary death. It is precisely the voluntary death that can be the most radical result of the culmination of misunderstanding between The Self and The Other. For voluntary death is not only a decision not to live at this time and place but also a decision to leave this society, the others. According to Améry, the decision to commit suicide is a free, natural, and humane act. By saying that suicide is a free act Améry argues against the deterministic teachings of psychologists. Améry believes that voluntary death is a natural response to inhuman, humiliating, or for any other reason unacceptable life conditions. He thinks that voluntary death is also a humane act, as it gives men the opportunity to stop existing when there is a threat to their existence as human beings, for example when they get dehumanized like a muselman in a concentration camp. In the...
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