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Role of chromosomal aberrations to evaluate genetic risk of exposure to carcinogens.
Rössnerová, Andrea ; Šrám, Radim (advisor) ; Rubeš, Jiří (referee) ; Kuglík, Petr (referee)
(in English) Air pollution is a serious worldwide problem associated with the risk of cancer. The negative effect of carcinogenic polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (c-PAHs), including benzo[a]pyrene (B[a]P), on human health is analyzed using specific biomarkers. Among them biomarkers of early effect play an important role. This work summarizes the results of cytogenetic analyses performed by fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) (whole chromosome painting of chromosomes #1 and #4) and automated image analysis of micronuclei (MN). During the analyses a total set of 1304 samples was analyzed by the FISH method and 885 samples by the automated image analysis of MN. Studied groups including city policemen, garage men, bus drivers, administrative workers, mothers, newborns, healthy children and children with bronchial asthma and laboratory workers were from Prague, Ostrava and Ceske Budejovice. The locations significantly differed in levels of air pollutants and the type of air pollution. The exposure of participants of the study was assessed by personal and stationary monitoring. The impact of other factors including age, smoking or intake of vitamins was also evaluated in these studies. The results obtained by the FISH method in Prague showed the impact of seasonal variability of concentrations of...
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Use of the Horse in the early Middle ages
Dostálová, Kateřina ; Sláma, Jiří (advisor) ; Štefan, Ivo (referee)
Thesis "The use of horses in the early Middle Ages," discusses the relationship between horses and humans in early medieval Bohemia and Great Moravia. The relationship of humans and horses has deep roots and can take various forms, this work sees this relationship in terms of archaeological finds and analyse this relationship with the Avars, Old Magyars and mainly by Slavs. The author emphasizes the description of the components of harness and the importance of spurs, addresses the issue of eating horsemeat and finally gives an overview of locations with the findings of horse bone fragments.
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The Testamentary Practice in Jihlava in the Years 1578 - 1624 (Wills as Sources for the History of Family Structures, Historical Demography and Sociotopography)
Jirková, Pavla ; Maur, Eduard (advisor) ; Horský, Jan (referee) ; Sulitková, Ludmila (referee)
THESIS ABSTRACT The subject of the research - the Early Modern burgher will - is viewed in the thesis from the standpoint of family structures, historical demography and sociotopography. The sample of 968 Jihlava wills from the period 1578-1624 were subjected to statistical analysis. Moreover, from a methodological perspective the nature of this research is similar to micro-historical and prosopographical approaches. The aforementioned theme was compared to conclusions of the literature concerning historical demography and family structures (especially English) as well as foreign sociological and anthropological studies. The results of this research were evaluated from the point of view of the annual number of wills as possible indicators of the chief trends in mortality, and possible connections were traced between the number of children named in the testaments and the inheritance system. Given the numerous marriage contracts concluded by testators, the study also looked into the "marriage market" and the duration of marriages. Other questions discussed in the thesis include, for example, family and household positions, disabled people, gender studies and intergenerational property transfer. Finally, in terms of the sociotopographical study, the houses of sorted testators were located within the framework...
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Entrainment of the circadian system in rodents
Sosniyenko, Serhiy ; Sumová, Alena (advisor) ; Mareš, Jan (referee) ; Šauman, Ivo (referee)
The circadian clock located within the suprachiasmatic nuclei (SCN) of the hypothalamus responds to changes in the duration of day length, i.e. photoperiod, differently in the separate SCN parts. The aim of the study was i) to compare the effect of a long and a short photoperiod with twilight relative to that with rectangular light-to-dark transition on the daily profiles of clock gene expression and their protein levels within the rostral, middle and caudal regions of the mouse SCN; ii) to elucidate the dynamics of adjustment to a change of a long photoperiod to a short photoperiod of clock gene expression rhythms in the mouse SCN and in the peripheral clock in the liver, as well as of the locomotor activity rhythm; iii) to elucidate whether and how swiftly the immature rat fetal and neonatal molecular SCN clocks can be reset by maternal cues and iv) to reveal when and where within the rat SCN the photic sensitivity of clock gene expression develops during the early postnatal ontogenesis and to compare it with development of cfos photoinduction. Mice and rats were used for experiments; their tissues were analyzed by in situ hynridization, immunohistochemistry, RT-PCR. The data indicated that i) the twilight photoperiod provides stronger synchronization among the individual SCN cell subpopulations than the...
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The beginning of sexual life from pubescents point of view
Zemanová, Vanda ; Cimrmannová, Tereza (advisor) ; Mitáš, Václav (referee)
In my diploma thesis called "The start of sexual life from the adolescents' point of view" I firstly theoretically define the personality of adolescents, its formation, sexuality of adolescents, and also legislative framework of the researched problems and the risks of an early start of sexual life. Then I bring in the results of my private research - the aim of it was to chart the attitudes of 13-16 years old interviewees from Prague and Sokolov districts (elementary school pupils) towards the question of start of sexual life. My other focus was an analysis of the researched data and a comparison in terms of age, sex and living location and a quantitative analysis of sexual experiences of the target research group. The target research group had 296 respondents (131 from Prague and 165 from Sokolov). I collected the data using a questionnaire, which consisted of 31 questions (closed, half-closed and opened). The closed questions were worked out using IBM SPSS statistical software, significancies were calculated using the T-test.
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Glacial modelation of cirques and stratigraphy of moraines in the High Tatras
Mida, Peter ; Křížek, Marek (advisor) ; Kalvoda, Jan (referee)
The submitted diploma thesis is concerned with the geomorphological analysis of specific landforms in the High Tatras which are the result of its Quaternary mountain glaciation. The traces of the last three glacials (Mindel, Riss and Würm) are well documented in the studied area. The presence of the Early Pleistocene glaciations (Biber, Donau, Günz) is more difficult to prove. The aim of this thesis is 1) to define the rate of glacial shaping of glacial erosional landforms - cirques; 2) to determine the number of glacials or stadial oscillations of glaciers on the basis of relative dating of moraines during the Last Glaciation. A total number of 122 cirques were analysed. Cirques were classified as follows: simple cirque, termination cirque, stepped cirque and highest cirque. Morphometric characteristics that were implemented are consistent with other studies (e. g. Federici & Spagnollo, 2004, García-Ruiz et al., 2000). A degree of glacial overdeepening of a cirque was quantified by use of k coefficient which is derived from k-curve (sensu Haynes, 1968). Value of k coefficient depends on profile location and cirque headwall foot location. Range of values of k coefficient for the cirques in High Tatras is between 0,503 and 1,951. Based on morphometric analysis the northern mountainside cirques are...
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Entrainment of the circadian clock within the rat suprachiasmatic nukleus during fetal and early postnatal development
El-Hennamy Essam, Rehab ; Sumová, Alena (advisor) ; Novotná, Růžena (referee) ; Mourek, Jindřich (referee)
All mammals exhibit daily rhythms which persist in non-periodic environment with a period close to 24h. These rhythms are entrained to the 24h day mostly by the light-dark cycle. These circadian rhythms are controlled by a clock (pacemaker) located in the suprachiasmatic nuclei (SCN) of the hypothalamus. In the rat, the circadian clock within the SCN develops gradually from prenatal to postnatal period and is supposed to be synchronized mainly by maternal signals. However, the rat SCN is sensitive to light immediately after birth. The aim of the present work was to investigate the mechanism of entrainment of the circadian clock within the rat SCN during fetal and early postnatal development. The specific questions were whether and when the immature fetal and neonatal molecular SCN clocks can be reset by maternal cues, and whether and when the external light-dark cycle (LD) can affect the developing circadian rhythms. The role of light-dark cycle in the development of the photoperiodic entrainment during early postnatal period was also examined. Experiment no. (1): Pregnant rats were maintained under a light - dark regime with 12 h of light and 12 h of darkness (LD12:12). At gestational day 20 (E20), the fetuses were sampled throughout the day under either LD12:12 or constant darkness (DD). The...
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The position of Štěkeň chateau in tourism
Zamazalová, Jana ; Netková, Jarmila (advisor) ; Mlejnková, Lena (referee)
Štěkeň chateau is an interesting and as yet undiscovered cultural monument, which is located in the tourist region of South Bohemia. It was built in 1665 in an early baroque style and at present it is open to the public and serves as a place for recreation and education. The aim of the bachelor thesis is to evaluate the position of this chateau in the Jihočeský district, to describe its potential, to analyse if the chateau is competitive with other cultural monuments and to suggest possibilities how attendance to this monument can be increased.
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Drugs experience of under age mothers located in inpatient treatment
Zárubová, Eva ; Vítečková, Michaela (referee) ; Lorenzová, Jitka (advisor)
In the theoretical part of my Bachelor's Degree thesis "The Experience with Drugs of Underage Mothers Placed in Institutional Care" I focus on issues connected with this topic. I address the issue of drug addiction as a problem of both the individual and that of society; forms and types of drug addiction and factors influencing the origin of such addiction. Among other issues I deal with is the adolescence period from the point of view of the way in which psychosocial relations are managed. I mention Erikson's theory of psychosocial development and psychosocial conflicts of this period too. In the next part I focus on institutional care of underage mothers and their stay in institutions. Related to this issue there is pregnancy and motherhood of underage girls and accompanying challenges not only for them but for the whole family too. I also mention possible risks and health hazards and causes and consequences of early motherhood. In the conclusion of the theoretical section I focus on drug addiction in relation to underage mothers and the impact of drugs on pregnancy and development of the embryo including the withdrawal symptoms of newborn babies. The main aim of the empirical part of my thesis is to explore, on the basis of interviews with pregnant underage girls addicted to drugs and underage mothers...
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