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Infectious agents causing-cancers
Olos, Tomáš ; Dáňová, Jana (advisor)
Cancer is one of the most serious problems of clinical medicine. At present, the cause of death of every fifth citizen of the CR and the incidence is rising. This civilization disease affects an extra lower age range. Compared to the past, this is mainly due to the fundamentally different composition of food that contains a preponderance of sugars and fats, but also stress and contamination of environmental substances with carcinogenic effect. Unsuitable diet and carcinogens present in the water, air and food cause the forming jednolivých higher number of tumor cells than the natural organism. The immune system may be weakened by stress and pollutants, it is not able to adequately respond to this situation. For the greatest amount of recovered material, I have most dealt with the issue of hepatocellular carcinoma and its relationship to hepatitis B an Powered by TCPDF (www.tcpdf.org)
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Calculus Bovis effect on blood lipids and the expression of endothelial NO synthesis / / in ApoE-deficient mouse model of atherosclerosis
Studená, Romana ; Nachtigal, Petr (advisor) ; Trejtnar, František (referee)
Calculus Bovis is one of the most precious and commonly-used medicinal materials in China. It is consists predominantly bilirubin and bile acids. In this thesis we focused on possible effects of Calculus Bovis on lipids and atherogenesis in apoE-deficient mice. ApoE-deficient mice were fed standard diet for 2 weeks. At the age of 8 weeks the control group of animals were fed with the western type diet, which contained 21% fat and 0,15% cholesterol for 8 weeks. The same atherogenic diet was used in Calculus Bovis group, where Calculus Bovis was added to the atherogenic diet at the dosage of 50 mg/kg b.wt. Calculus Bovis (Artificial bezoar, Biopharma, Australia) per day. The biochemical analysis of lipid spectrum was done, area of atherosclerotic lesions was determined and imunohistochemical and stereological analysis of eNOS expression was performed as well. Calculus bovis treatment did not affect blood lipids, total cholesterol, VLDL, LDL, HDL and TAG when compared with control mice. Moreover Calculus bovis treatment did not decrease either atherosclerotic plaque area or endothelial expression of eNOS. The failure of Calculus Bovis treatment in this pilot study could be probably related to insufficient dose of Calculus Bovis.
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Stanovení residuí fluorochinolonů v půdách metodou LC-FD
Aufartová, Jana ; Solich, Petr (advisor) ; Nováková, Lucie (referee)
7. Abstract Several pharmaceutics used in human and veterinary medicine could be detected in environment. To these compounds belongs Fluoroqinolones. Our work observed 4 fluoroqinolons (ofloxacin, norfloxacin, ciprofloxacin, enrofloxacin) in soils sample. Fluoroquinolones were determinate by LC-FD. For extraction was used mixture of organic compounds (methanol: acetone; 1:1) and 1.0g of EDTA. Sample was 15 minutes shacked, 15 minutes in ultrasonic bath and 15 minutes of centrifugation. After that organic solution was evaporated by gentle stream of nitrogen in water bath. Rest from evaporation was dissolved in mQ-H2O and clean-up was done. After evaporation after clean-up the rest was dissolved in mobil phase. Mobil phase was H3PO4: MeOH: ACN (920: 70: 10) and flow was 1.4mL/min. Limit of quantification (LOQ) is For OFLO 5mg/L, for NOR is 0.083mg/L, for CIP is 0.116mg/L and for ENRO is 0.125mg/L. Mean recoveries ranged between 75% to 121%, for OFLO, NOR, CIPRO and ENRO. At the beginning we tried also acidic type of extraction. Extraction was made with HCL, H2SO4, H3PO4 and HNO3. In all cases we add EDTA because of interferences with other substances in samples. We find out, that no complex is build between flouroquinolones and EDTA. For clean- up from soil samples is better OASIS column HLB 6cc/200mg....
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Food consumphon and lifestyle of students of the 3rd Faculty of Medicine Charles University
Molnár, Jan ; Stránský, Miroslav (advisor)
Importance of good nutrition and eating habits is indisputable. Role of physicians as public awareness of factors to ensure proper nutrition is obvious. In terms of prevention of diseases associated with poor nutrition is necessary to take into account especially these postulates and abide by them. These are mainly adjusting energy intake dose, reduce fat intake, lower cholesterol intake, reduce consumption of simple sugar, table salt, increasing the intake of vitamin C and other protective substances increase fiber intake, increase consumption of vegetables, legumes and products cereal with a higher proportion of whole grains, increase fish consumption reduction consumption of animal foods with high fat, reduce the consumption of eggs ensure proper drinking regime, moderate consumption of alcohol products. Furthermore, it is necessary to focus on changes in technology and culinary in food production. The role of the physician is to help people change their eating, and therefore, students of medical science should follow rules proper diet and lifestyle. Powered by TCPDF (www.tcpdf.org)
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Plant alkaloid sanguinarine and its derivatives
Tůmová, Lucie ; Hýsková, Veronika (referee) ; Stiborová, Marie (advisor)
This work is summarizing actual knowledge about sanguinarine and quaternary benzo[c]fenanthridine alkaloids. The quaternary benzo[c]fenanthridine alkaloids were found in roots plants Sanguinaria canadensis and Macleaya cordata. This plants are used in tradicional Chinese medicine for its antimycotic, antibacterial and anti-inflammatory activities since antiquity. Regarding to possibility quaternary benzo[c]fenanthridine alkaloids to induce apoptosis these investigated such as possible agents for cancer treatment. The quaternary benzo[c]fenanthridine alkaloids interact with DNA and proteins. They are able to intercalate to the DNA. The alkaloids can be used like fluorescence DNA probe. Metabolism by sanguinarine and next quaternary benzo[c]fenanthridine alkaloids has not yet completely determinated. The first step sanguinarine detoxication is its conversion to less toxic dihydrosanguinarine. Sanguinarine oxidation is mediated by cytochrome P450 1A1. Key words: Quaternary benzo[c]fenanthridine alkaloids, sanguinarine, apoptosis, intercalate, heterogenous substances, enzymes, cytochrom P450
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Review of the therapy of atopic dermatitis
Moravcová, Lucie ; Hrdina, Radomír (advisor) ; Jílek, Petr (referee)
REVIEW OF THE THERAPY OF ATOPIC DERMATITIS This dissertation shows the outline of present possibilities in the cure of atopic dermatitis with a view to new knowledge. The therapy's section is divided into the local therapy, system therapy and phototherapy. Every substance shows the principle of effect, averse effect, contra-indication, drug interaction and recommendation for which stadium of the illness should be indicated. Phototherapy deals with UVA, UVB and PUVA. The next part is about the most frequent complication of atopic dermatitis, the micro-organism colonized the skin. The last part shortly deals with the prevention of atopic dermatitis. The aim of the therapy of atopic dermatitis is to gain control over the symptomps of the illness and improve the life quality. The first choice's medicine are topic corticosteroids. Other posibility of choice are immunomodulators, pimecrolimus and tacrolimus. Very important is also using of emolients in all stadiums of the illness. The great hope for the therapy of AD represents inhibitors of phosphodiesterase, antagonists of leukotriene, interferon-γ, intravenous immunoglobulin and monoclonal antibodies.
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Development of New Methods for Monitoring of Occurence of Pharmaceuticals in the Environment
Aufartová, Jana ; Solich, Petr (advisor) ; Fiala, Zdeněk (referee) ; Garcia-Campaña, Ana M. (referee)
Charles University in Prague, Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové Department of Analytical Chemistry Candidate Mgr. Jana Aufartová Supervisor Prof. RNDr. Petr Solich, CSc. Title of Doctoral Thesis DEVELOPMENT OF NEW METHODS FOR DETERMINATION OF SELECTED PHARMACEUTICALS IN ENVIRONMENTAL SAMPLES During last decade, the consumption of pharmaceuticals is increasing substantially. At the same time their occurrence in environment is increasing as well. Pharmaceuticals are released into environment by excretion, as conjugated or unchanged active compounds, as unused pharmaceuticals, which are not disposed according to the recommendations (e.g. thrown away into the rubbish or flushed down the toilet). Other possible sources of pharmaceuticals are in the agriculture, livestock and aquaculture. The current water treatment technologies do not remove all traces of pharmaceuticals in wastewaters. Therefore the monitoring of their occurrence in surface and wastewaters become more important. Antibiotics and steroid hormones are a group of drugs used in human and veterinary medicine. The main problem with these groups of substances is the emergence of bacterial resistance, in the case of antibiotics, and the effect on the endocrine system, including the reproductive cycle, in the case of steroid hormones. The...
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Drug influence on the environment
Musilová, Eva ; Vytlačilová, Jitka (advisor) ; Karlíčková, Jana (referee)
Charles University in Prague Pharmaceutical Faculty in Hradec Králové Department of Pharmaceutical Botany and Ecology Candidate: Musilová Eva Consultant: RNDr. Jitka Vytlačilová, Ph.D. Title of thesis: Drug influence on the environment Carbamazepine is a drug from a group of antiepileptic, however it is used in other indications, especially in the treatment of trigeminal neuralgia. It is often detected substance in the environment. The ecotoxicity of medicinal product Timonil 300 retard was evaluated in comparison with the standard of carbamazepine in this thesis, the following tests were used to: multigenerational test with a protozoan Tetrahymena thermophila, test of semichronic toxicity with Sinapis alba seeds and THAMNOTOXKIT FTM with a crustacean Thamnocephalus platyurus. The protozoan Tetrahymena thermophila was the most sensitive organism in this experiment. Keywords: ecotoxicity, carbamazepine, Tetrahymena thermophila, Sinapis alba, Thamnocephalus platyurus
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University students and their attitudes and experiences with drugs of abuse
Vondráčková, Věra ; Višňovský, Peter (advisor) ; Vopršalová, Marie (referee)
Charles University Fakulty of Pharmacy Hradec Králové Department of Pharmacology and Toxikology Autor: Věra Vondráčková Supervisor: Prof. MUDr. Peter Višňový, Csc. Title of Diploma Thesis: Attitudes and Experiences of the Student of The Faculty of Pharmacy in their 3rd year of Study (2004/2005) with the Dependent Drugs. Presented thesis is focused to the problems of misusing of psychoactive substances in the university students. Using of the special questionnaire research the sample of 177 students in their 3rd year of study in the Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Karloff was questioned. The students were divided into three groups. In the first group were selected the students who never tried any dependent drug (55.4%). In the second group are show the student who used marihuana (mostly only once). In the third group were selected those students who used repeatedly marihuana and hashish and their tried also other drugs such as LSD, amphetamines and similar drugs. None of the students used opiates and other problematic drugs. At the comparison of the obtained results with the Annual Report of the Drug misusing in the Czech Republic was examined the students from all given problematic drugs in the age of 18 - 24 years used frequently only LSD than other people in the same age (Faculty of Pharmacy 6.9%)....
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Disfunctional family and its influence with respect to initiation in drug use by inprisoned men with drug dependency
Čapková, Lucie ; Radimecký, Josef (advisor) ; Nevoralová, Monika (referee)
Charles University in Prague First Faculty of Medicine Department of Psychiatry, Center for Addictology School Year: 2007/2010 Abstract of the bachelor work Name: Lucie Čapková Specialization: Adiktologie Matriculation year: 2007 Supervisor: PhDr. Josef Radimecký Ph.D., MSc. Opponent: PhDr. Monika Nevoralová Pages: 73 The title of the bachelor work: Dysfunctional family and its influence on early substance use among male drug addicts in prison. Abstract: The bachelor work focuses on factors associated with dysfunctional families, such as the antisocial behavior of parents, family violence, child abuse by parents, economic and social instability of the family, divorce, single parent family, and what consequences dysfunctional family and negative parenting style may have for a child. The practical part presents findings from a questionnaire survey carried out in male prison Příbram. It primarily focused on the family environment, in which respondents grew up, their first experience with drugs and reasons for first use of drugs. The goal is to identify common characteristics that can be found in family environment of prisoners, it is how their families could have influenced their early experience with drug use. The practical part also includes two case illustrations. Key words: - Dysfunctional family - Drug...
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