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Ban on, and restriction of some types of conventional weapons in armed conflicts
Šmíd, Radek ; Hýbnerová, Stanislava (referee) ; Ondřej, Jan (advisor)
57 Summary The subject of my graduation thesis is "The ban and restriction of certain types of conventional weapons in armed conflicts". First, it was necessary to define that as conventional weapons are understood all weapons not being weapons of mass destruction, to explain that the ban and restrictions can take many different forms, and finally, to define, to which kind of armed conflicts the humanitarian rules are to be applied. A brief review of the advance on the field of ban and restrictions of certain conventional weapons has been given, including the historical context. From medieval times, when the only international authority, capable of at least trying to moderate the horrors of war, was the pope, over the first agreements of "civilised nations" in the times before the World War I, to the modern conventions adopted after World War II. Great attention is paid to the Declaration of St.Petersburg and to the so-called law of Hague (consisting of many agreements, today a part of the customary law), which as the first documents state, that the progress of civilization should have the effect of alleviating as much as possible the calamities of war, and they contain the prohibition of use of weapons which uselessly aggravate the sufferings and the Hague law even the prohibition of non-discriminating use...
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Legal regulation of genetically modified organisms
Procházka, Miloš ; Šturma, Pavel (advisor) ; Balaš, Vladimír (referee)
66 RESUME Legal Aspects of Genetically Modified Organisms. Recently the transatlantic debate over the use of genetically modified organisms (GMOs) as food products, with the USA as a proponent on one side, and the European Union as an opponent on the other, was set to take center stage. The USA has initiated formal legal action under the World Trade Organization Dispute Settlement System, charging that the EU violates several agreements of international trade law, including Article III of GATT, an anti-protectionist measure which forbids a country from favoring its own products over imported "like products." The USA claims that GMOs and conventional crops are "like products", and that the EU moratorium on GMOs thus violates Article III. This Diploma work assesses the USA "like products" claim, most notably in light of Asbestos, Beef Hormone case and a recent WTO case which provides important guidance for determining likeness under four criteria of BTA Test (Border Tax Adjustments). At the heart of the GMO Dispute is the precautionary principle. The EU holds steadfast to this principle while the USA shuns it in relation to products containing GMOs. The EU's use of the precautionary principle as a guide for GMO regulation is supported by the overwhelming use of the precautionary principle worldwide in...
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Place of business in tax laws
Alexiová, Karolína ; Svátková, Slavomíra (advisor) ; Říhová, Lucie (referee)
This work aims at the problems of the place of business in tax laws, and it is divided into three parts. At the beginning this place of business is defined out of point of commercial law, in the first place out of point of the VAT law and the law of income tax with mentioning European court yard juridicature and international contracts about prevention of double taxation. Another part of this work deals with limitation of criteria and analysis of parameters important for establishing a place of business out of point of the VAT law and permanent place of business out of point of the income tax law. The last part focuses on comparison between the place of business and permanent place of business according to the chosen criteria. There is also summary concerning the establishment of the place of business out of point of two taxes and their impact on reality.
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Analyses of potential of Software as a Service model in small and medium enterprises
Pavlů, Pavel ; Basl, Josef (advisor) ; Aubrecht, Štěpán (referee)
This paper analyses potential of Software as a Service (SaaS) model in small and medium enterprises (SME). SaaS model is rapidly expanding trend between software delivery models. The first chapter describes evolution of software delivery models, which peaks in the most recent "Software as a Service" model. It analyses key features of SaaS in qualitative, technological and legal dimensions. The first chapter also mentions assesment methods for IT investments. This chapter introduces basic theoretical framework for next chapters. Next chapter focuses on category of small and medium enterprises. It defines main macroeconomic indicators and organizational specifics of SMEs. This chapter also presents results of research into reasons for and against the use of applications with SaaS model in small and medium enterprises. Last chapter selects the most common software categories used by small and medium enterprises. For each category it analyses and describes current state of the SaaS market. After analysing the market situation, it selects broad range of applications for each category. Using multi-dimensional approach it recommends three products best suited for SMEs. For all categories it maps potential of the three recommended products. These three products are then thoroughly compared with each other using extended set of criteria. The chapter ends with a summary of possibilities offered by these applications to SMEs.
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Process Performance evaluation within business companies
Galan, Tomáš ; Chlapek, Dušan (advisor) ; Chocholatý, Drahomír (referee)
Diploma thesis oriented on processes and business process management (BPM) is tightly related to the ability of organizations to adapt to the reality of today's world, reality of continuous and accelerating change. The objective for theoretical part is to summarize main terms, approaches, methods and other information about business process management, reasons for its evolution, business process modeling, execution by personal and other sources and its efficiency, process performance evaluation, to be able to use and apply them in commercial practice on the example of a small business company. Practical part includes results of theory application and knowledge acquired throughout studies application on the example of iFirma company. The thesis brings up process approaches application example in a business company and an intention to proof positive impact on its performance and continuous process improvement. What influence will IS/IT support of processes and process changes have? Several approaches to business management and even more applications bring up a need to evaluate and pick the right approach.
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Agent-Based Modeling of the Financial Markets
Klejchová, Martina ; Teplý, Petr (advisor) ; Pertold-Gebicka, Barbara (referee)
The thesis deals with the Agent-based modeling of the financial markets which represent so called "bottom-up" approach in economics. In the first part of the thesis, the brief summary of the development of Agent-based approach and its application in the modeling of financial markets is provided. The main part of the thesis concerns the implementation of an existing asset pricing model of He, Hamill and Li (2008) and also the implementation of an extension to this model. The presented extension lies in the connecting of two sub-markets by a mutual correlation. The considered correlation is represented either by correlated dividends or by the common market maker who adjusts the prices on both markets. The influence of these two types of correlation on the overall performance of both sub-markets is then studied by analyzing the outcomes of performed simulations.
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Financial consolidation - data processing
Kořínek, Miroslav ; Vašek, Libor (advisor)
The consolidation process within an international group is illustrated in a Czech company view. Based on Parent Corporation's system, the individual financial statements are modified in order to aggregate consolidated statements. The theoretical section refers to consolidation terms and rules in accordance with Czech legislation. The data processing is reviewed and several procedures are detailed such as the intercompany confirmation scheme. Resulting operations are applied and summarized on practical corporation - based consolidation exercise.
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The derivation of dispersion relations for anisotropic thick plates in system Maple
Červená, Olga ; Hora, Petr
The dispersion relations for cubic and orthotropic thick plates, which were derived in system MAPLE, are summarized in the report. The report contains listings of two programs in Maple. The form of Christoffel equation, forms of its roots and polarizations of partial waves for cubic and orthotropic thick plates are derived in first of them. The forms of dispersion relations of symmetric, anti-symmetric, SH-modes and Mindlin’s uncoupled modes for cubic and orthotropic plates are derived in second program. The report is deal with interpretation of the false roots, which are occurred at computing the dispersion relations. The outcome dispersion curves computing by MATLAB are displayed in the conclusion.
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Finanční analýza podniku Havi s.r.o.
Kmeťová, Michaela ; Cimický, Jan (advisor) ; Chýna, Vladislav (referee)
Tématem práce je finanční analýza podniku Havi s.r.o. za období pěti let, a to od roku 2003 do roku 2007. Práce je rozdělena na část metodologickou a praktickou. Metodologická část je zaměřena na účel, uživatele a metody finanční analýzy. V praktické části je provedena horizontální a vertikální analýza, analýza pracovního kapitálu a poměrových ukazatelů, jsou aplikovány vybrané bankrotní a bonitní modely a další ekonomické ukazatele. Závěr obsahuje shrnutí dosažených výsledků analýzy.
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Obchod nehmotnými statky
Marková, Stanislava ; Malý, Josef (advisor) ; Halík, Jaroslav (referee)
Diplomová práce se zabývá úlohou transferu technologie ve světovém hospodářství. Ve své první části obsahuje shrnutí nejdůležitějších pojmů z oblasti nehmotných statků, práva průmyslového a duševního vlastnictví, včetně odkazů na příslušné zákony. Je vysvětleno, co je to patent na vynález, užitný vzor, průmyslový vzor a některé další výsledky tvůrčí činnosti v hospodářské oblasti, mimo jiné i podmínky jejich registrace. Následuje pasáž o institutu národní ochranné známky, označení původu výrobků, obchodní firmy a podnikových průmyslových práv. Další kapitoly jsou zaměřeny na samotnou směnu průmyslového vlastnictví, jednotlivé licenční smlouvy a jejich obchodní a cenovou problematiku. Druhá část je věnována ochraně průmyslového vlastnictví na mezinárodní scéně, jednotlivým úmluvám v této oblasti a zápisu mezinárodní ochranné známky dle Madridské dohody. Práce řeší též otázku harmonizace práva členských států Evropské unie s právem komunitárním a vytváření práv na úrovni Společenství v oblasti ochrany průmyslového vlastnictví, především se zaměřením na problematiku ochranné známky Společenství, včetně jejího zápisu a režimu právní ochrany.
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