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Bank Liquidity Creation and Real Economy: VAR Analysis
Hálová, Klára ; Horváth, Roman (advisor) ; Kruchynenko, Ihor (referee)
In this thesis we examine the interactions of bank liquidity creation and real economy using vector autoregression model. We selected inflation, unemployment rate and interest rate as basic economic variables which theoretically could influence bank liquidity creation. We decided to examine the reverse relationship whether bank liquidity creation has a significant impact on real economy. We study these interactions using data from Czech Republic within ten-year period from 2000 to 2010. Our results suggest that macroeconomic fluctuations have a significant impact on bank liquidity creation. The results also support our reverse hypothesis that higher liquidity creation can improve macroeconomic conditions.
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Forecasting and nowcasting power of confidence indikators:Evidence for Central Europe
Herrmannová, Lenka ; Horváth, Roman (advisor) ; Mikolášek, Jakub (referee)
This thesis assesses the usefulness of confidence indicators for nowcasting and short term forecasting of the economic activity in the Czech Republic and three other Central European countries. The predictive power of both the Czech business confidence indicator and the customer confidence indicator is examined using two empirical approaches. First we predict the likelihood of economic downturn using logit models, later we estimate GDP growth out of sample forecasts in the framework of vector autoregression models. The results obtained from the downturn probability models confirm the ability of confidence indicators (especially the business confidence indicator) to estimate the current economic situation, so called nowcast. Results from the out-of-sample GDP growth value forecasting are ambiguous. Nevertheless the customer confidence indicator significantly improved original forecasts based on the model with standard macroeconomic variables and therefore we conclude in favour of its predictive power. Cross- country comparison confirms economic downturn nowcasting power of confidence indices in Hungary and Poland and fails to confirm such an ability of Slovak confidence indicators. One-quarter-ahead forecasts brought mixed results and therefore we conclude that nowcasting and forecasting properties of...
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Econometric Systems of Equations as a Tool for Financial Data Analysis
Vaverová, Jana ; Zichová, Jitka (advisor) ; Krtek, Jiří (referee)
This thesis deals with analysing multivariate financial and economical data. The first section describes various types of econometric systems of equations, vector autoregression and constucting models based on this theory. The second part deals with analysing the dependence of time series of inflation rates on various macroeconomical indicators and reciprocal dependence of two exchange rates time series. All results were obtained by the Mathematica 8.0 software.
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Stress testing of the banking sector
Procházková, Jana ; Jakubík, Petr (advisor) ; Todica, Doina (referee)
This bachelor thesis deals with stress testing of the banking sector. Stress testing as a risk measurement technique has attracted much attention especially in recent years due to the increased instabilities in financial markets. This work defines two objectives. The aim of theoretical section is to provide a complex survey of stress testing principles and methodologies and to contribute to a better understanding of why stress tests are employed. The empirical section focuses on the credit risk in the Czech Republic. It tries to estimate whether there is an empirical relationship between the quality of credit portfolio of the Czech banking system and the development in key macroeconomic variables. For this purpose the econometric model of vector autoregression has been applied.
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Forecasting Ability of Confidence Indicators: Evidence for the Czech Republic
Herrmannová, Lenka ; Horváth, Roman (advisor) ; Mikolášek, Jakub (referee)
This thesis assesses the usefulness of confidence indicators for short term forecasting of the economic activity in the Czech Republic. The predictive power of both the business confidence indicator and the customer confidence indicator is examined using two empirical approaches. First we predict the likelihood of economic downturn defined as a discrete event using logit models, later we estimate GDP growth out of sample forecasts in the framework of vector autoregression models. The results obtained from the downturn probability models confirm the ability of confidence indicators (especially the business confidence indicator) to estimate the current economic situation and to anticipate economic downturn one quarter ahead. Results from the out-of-sample GDP growth value forecasting are ambiguous. Nevertheless the customer confidence indicator significantly improved original forecasts based on a model with standard macroeconomic variables and therefore we conclude in favour of its predictive power. This result was indirectly confirmed by OECD as the Czech customer confidence indicator has been included as a new component in the OECD domestic composite leading indicator since April 2012.
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Residential real estate market during the financial crisis : empirical evidence from the CEE region
Hrachovec, Martin ; Vacek, Pavel (advisor) ; Streblov, Pavel (referee)
1 Abstract This thesis investigates the housing price determinants and possibilities of housing price bubbles in the residential real estate markets of Central and Eastern Europe before and during the economic crisis of 2007-2009. Using data from international institutions, national central banks and national statistical offices three quantitative methods are applied. Price-to-income ratios suggest housing price bubbles that were eliminated during the crisis in three out of five countries covered. Second approach of simple panel data models sheds additional light on housing price bubbles and indicates GDP growth, unemployment and average real wage as the main determinants of housing prices in the region. First indication of severe housing price persistence in CEE is demonstrated by the results of the models as well. More reliable results for housing price determinants are obtained from variance decomposition and impulse response functions of vector autoregression models. Each country is modeled separately and substantial differences exist between the countries. Poland is the only country that does not exhibit housing price persistence and dynamics in Austria are less volatile as compared to the new EU members in the sample. JEL Classification G12, E39, R21, R31, R32 Keywords residential real estate, housing...
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Macroeconomic stress-testing of banking systems: survey of methodologies and empirical application
Šimečková, Jana ; Geršl, Adam (advisor) ; Pečená, Magda (referee)
This thesis deals with stress testing as a process that helps to assess the impact of potential adverse shocks on the soundness of a financial system. First section is dedicated to non-technical discussion about stress testing and to some methodological issues. The main focus lies on the system-wide macroeconomic stress testing. The empirical part of the thesis is a contribution to macroprudential analysis of the quality of the aggregate loan portfolio in the Czech Republic. This study adopts a vector autoregression model applied to the Czech banking sector in order to judge its stability and present some evidence on macroeconomic variables affecting the Czech banking system. As a measure of the strength of the loan portfolio is used the stock of non-performing loans vis-à-vis total loans in the sector. The thesis follows the widely used methodology and seeks to identify significant macroeconomic risk factors affecting the loan portfolio quality. The latter part aims also to forecast the most likely development of the loan portfolio.
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Optimal Monetary and Fiscal Policy at Zero Lower Bound
Šestořád, Tomáš ; Potužák, Pavel (advisor) ; Kadeřábková, Božena (referee)
This thesis concerns the interaction of monetary and fiscal policy. Using New Keynesian model, we show the impact of fiscal expansion under different specifications of monetary policy rules. The analysis of the transmission of fiscal expansion focuses on the situation in which central bank's nominal interest rate reaches zero lower bound. We verify the economic model using vector autoregression based on data of the United States. The results of the theoretical and empirical research suggest that the influence of government spending on the product is greater at the zero lower bound.
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The Impact of Financial Variables on Czech Macroeconomic Developments: An Empirical Investigation
Adam, Tomáš ; Plašil, Miroslav
This paper investigates empirically to what extent financial variables can explain macroeconomic developments in the Czech Republic and how the results are sensitive to some (usually reasonable or routinely made) modeling choices. To this end, the dynamic model averaging/selection framework is applied to a universe of (potentially large) time-varying parameter VAR models, which allows one to assess the explanatory power of financial variables at each point in time. Based on a set of 27 competing models and an extensive ensemble of alternative specifications of those models, we find that financial variables were particularly relevant in explaining developments in the lead-up to and during economic downturns. By contrast, in tranquil times, models containing only traditional macroeconomic variables explained macroeconomic dynamics reasonably well. Within the broad set of financial variables considered, credit to the private sector, bank profitability, and leverage seem to be among the most relevant indicators.
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Transmission Lags of Monetary Policy: A Meta-Analysis
Havránek, Tomáš ; Rusnák, Marek
The transmission of monetary policy to the economy is generally thought to have long and variable lags. In this paper we quantitatively review the modern literature on monetary transmission to provide stylized facts on the average lag length and the sources of variability. We collect 67 published studies and examine when prices bottom out after a monetary contraction. The average transmission lag is 29 months, and the maximum decrease in prices reaches 0.9% on average after a one-percentage-point hike in the policy rate. Transmission lags are longer in large developed countries (25–50 months) than in new EU member countries (10–20 months). We find that the factor most effective in explaining this heterogeneity is financial development: greater financial development is associated with slower transmission. Moreover, greater trade openness in new EU member countries seems to be associated with faster transmission. Our results also suggest that researchers who use monthly data instead of quarterly data report systematically faster transmission. JEL
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