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Lexical Variability in Czech of the Mid-19th Century (Based on the Correspondence of Karel Havlíček)
Rybová, Martina ; Martínek, František (advisor) ; Saicová Římalová, Lucie (referee)
This bachelor thesis analyses the variety of lexical mediums in the Karel Havlíček's correspondence. The aim of this work is to identify the variation of closed classes of words. Individual terms have been selected from Havlíček's correspondence and they have been analysed. The main part of this work deals with secondary preposition that was stabilised in Czech during 19th century. It particularly focuses on the competition between used prepositions. The next part of the work deals with conjunctions. The overview of expression used in the correspondence is presented on the example of relation between sentences. The penultimate part of the work deals with variety of particle function. The grammatical particle is unsettled when we compare it with conjunctions and prepositions. Chosen terms are compared with 19th century secondary literature, they are valued according to its style, frequency and usage in either formal or informal correspondence. The last part of the work is dedicated to adverbs. This work also deals with borders between said word classes, criteria of grammatical processes and transition between word classes.
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On the Presupposition Projection in Czech
Veselý, Vojtěch ; Macurová, Alena (advisor) ; Hajičová, Eva (referee) ; Bílková, Jana (referee)
On the Presupposition Projection in Czech I understand presupposition as both an implication and a set of requirements which have to be fulfilled by the (passive) context, i.e. a set of realized propositions and logico- semantic relations between them shared by the communicants. The content of presupposition is formed by information which the speaker characterizes as predetermined, i.e. known to the communicants. Presupposition is a semantically narrower notion than implication: every meaning expressed indirectly is implied, but not every implied meaning is presupposed. Contextually bound constituents express a proposition which is included in the active context, i.e. a set of propositions on which the communicants are actively focused. Contextual boundness is a type of presupposition trigger: information included in the active context is a necessary part of the passive context (it doesn't hold true vice versa, of course). Context shared by the communicants can not be incremented by the primary (i.e. directly expressed) proposition of a clause, unless all the presuppositions semantically entailed in the primary proposition are satisfied. Presupposition is satisfied if and only if proposition p which forms a content of the presupposition is part of the (passive) context. In case that the context...
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Extended Particles: Their Meaning and Use
Pivkač, Petr ; Kanasugi, Petra (advisor) ; Weber, Michael (referee)
The objective of this thesis is to explore the morphological, syntactic and particularly semantic features of expressions of the Japanese grammar, called extended particles. This research work is, in practice, carried out both in general, when there is examined the whole grammatical category of the extended particles and specifically, when there is examined a small group of semantically similar extended particles. This group includes the extended particles wo moto ni shite, ni motozuite and ni sotte, meaning they express basis for a particular action. Based on an expert literature and analysis of authentic language materials these extended particles are examined primarily for differences in their meanings. In addition to research and specification of such differences for each individual extended particle there is also determined its primary and secondary use. In the conclusion, there is a summary of the specifics of the grammatical category of the extended particles that is thereto complemented by a contemplation of the relationship of the extended particles with the process of grammaticalization. Keywords: extended particle, fukugōjoshi, particle, Japanese, grammaticalization.
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Mutual interaction of multiple cracks growing in the particulate composite with brittle matrix under conditions of sub-critical crack growth
Slávik, Ondrej ; Ševeček, Oldřich (referee) ; Majer, Zdeněk (advisor)
In the first part of the submitted diploma thesis, the knowledge in the sphere of the fracture mechanics, related to the practice part of this thesis are summarized. In that the 2D parametrical numerical model of the particle composite with multiple cracks was created, using the finite elements method. Thanks to this model it is possible to find specific configurations which are showing the existance of multiple mutual interactions between these cracks, just by simple manipulation of the input data. In the calculations the influence of the residual stresses was considered which are formed during production of the material. The effect of the subcritical crack growth was taken into account as well in this thesis.
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A comparative study of the Czech lexeme "aby" and its English translations in parallel Czech-English texts
Vašková, Petra ; Klégr, Aleš (advisor) ; Tichý, Ondřej (referee)
The present study focuses on functions and English translation counterparts of the Czech lexeme aby. It is a relatively frequent word in the Czech language which is described as a subordinating conjunction expressing purpose, effect, manner, and also as a particle with a number of discourse functions. The current description, however, does not seem complete and this study therefore aims to analyse its use in more detail. Lexicographic and grammatical sources served as a basis for the classification of aby as a conjunction and as a particle. After an analysis of 200 examples it soon became evident that this listing is not complete and the use of aby is more complex than originally expected. The present paper thus treats all the functions of aby and also exemplifies each of them using extracted corpus data. In the study, aby in its conjunction and particle use is firstly treated separately to analyse each of them in more depth. This analysis, consequently, provides basis to point out their common features as well as their differences. The English translational counterparts are another point of interest in the study, in particular, their adequacy, regularity, and lexicalization.
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Particles in the spoken Czech (on the material from the Prague spoken corpus)
Yamamoto, Emi ; Adamovičová, Ana (advisor) ; Hudousková, Andrea (referee)
Particles in the Spoken Czech have been underestimated as a subject of research which have not been studied enough, even though the figures of the Prague Spoken Corpus (PSC) show that every 8 word in Spoken Czech is particle on average. The purpose of this thesis is to analyze particles compiled by PSC; the research of particles has been done both statistically and with respect to another characteristics of classification by sociolinguistic parameter, character, valency and function.
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Preparation and characterization of superparamagnetic inorganic/polymer particles for biomedical application
Zasońska, Beata Anna ; Horák, Daniel (advisor) ; Šafařík, Ivo (referee) ; Sysel, Petr (referee)
Superparamagnetic -Fe2O3 nanoparticles were synthesized by coprecipitation of ferric and ferrous salts with a base. Resulting nanoparticles were coated with shells, such as poly(N,N- dimethylacrylamide) (PDMAAm), neat and functionalized silica (SiO2 and SiO2-NH2), and polyaniline (PANI). PDMAAm shell was introduced by modification of iron oxide nanoparticle surface with an initiator and N,N-dimethylacrylamide was polymerized producing -Fe2O3&PDMAAm core-shell particles. In case of SiO2-NH2 shell, tetramethyl orthosilicate was used to yield -Fe2O3&SiO2 nanoparticles, which were subsequently modified by (3-aminopropyl)triethoxysilane to prepare γ-Fe2O3&SiO2-NH2 particles. Oxidation of aniline hydrochloride with ammonium persulfate in an aqueous solution of poly(N-vinylpyrrolidone) in the presence of iron oxides produced -Fe2O3&PANI nanoparticles. Finally, the last type of the particles was based on thionin-modified poly(carboxymethyl methacrylate) (PCMMA&Th). The particles were characterized by techniques, such as scanning and transmission electron microscopy (SEM and TEM) and dynamic light scattering (DLS) to determine the particle morphology and hydrodynamic diameter. The presence of the functional groups, chemical composition, and the iron content were investigated by Fourier-transform...
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Particle Systems in Computer Games
Zachariáš, Michal ; Štancl, Vít (referee) ; Mikolov, Tomáš (advisor)
Aim of this bachelor thesis is to explain issue of particle systems, their history and today's trend, which more and more tends to acceleration using GPU of graphical adapters, to the reader. Furthermore it describes design and implementation of particle system to minimize number of computational operations needed to simulate behavior of particles.
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Particle Swarm Optimization on GPUs
Záň, Drahoslav ; Petrlík, Jiří (referee) ; Jaroš, Jiří (advisor)
This thesis deals with a population based stochastic optimization technique PSO (Particle Swarm Optimization) and its acceleration. This simple, but very effective technique is designed for solving difficult multidimensional problems in a wide range of applications. The aim of this work is to develop a parallel implementation of this algorithm with an emphasis on acceleration of finding a solution. For this purpose, a graphics card (GPU) providing massive performance was chosen. To evaluate the benefits of the proposed implementation, a CPU and GPU implementation were created for solving a problem derived from the known NP-hard Knapsack problem. The GPU application shows 5 times average and almost 10 times the maximum speedup of computation compared to an optimized CPU application, which it is based on.
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Acceleration of Particle Swarm Optimization Using GPUs
Krézek, Vladimír ; Schwarz, Josef (referee) ; Jaroš, Jiří (advisor)
This work deals with the PSO technique (Particle Swarm Optimization), which is capable to solve complex problems. This technique can be used for solving complex combinatorial problems (the traveling salesman problem, the tasks of knapsack), design of integrated circuits and antennas, in fields such as biomedicine, robotics, artificial intelligence or finance. Although the PSO algorithm is very efficient, the time required to seek out appropriate solutions for real problems often makes the task intractable. The goal of this work is to accelerate the execution time of this algorithm by the usage of Graphics processors (GPU), which offers higher computing potential while preserving the favorable price and size. The boolean satisfiability problem (SAT) was chosen to verify and benchmark the implementation. As the SAT problem belongs to the class of the NP-complete problems, any reduction of the solution time may broaden the class of tractable problems and bring us new interesting knowledge.
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