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The objectification of postural function of abdominal muscles
Novák, Jakub ; Kobesová, Alena (advisor) ; Davídek, Pavel (referee)
This thesis evaluates the possibility of using objective measurements to assess the postural function of abdominal muscles. The theoretical part provides an overview of findings regarding postural function of the abdominal muscles and the context for their co-activation using intra-abdominal pressure. The results are summarized in the form of research studies relating postural function and low back pain (LBP). The overview of the methods used to measure intra-abdominal pressure and the abdominal muscle activity is the main focus. In this section, we present a new methodology for measuring the activity of the abdominal muscles by using pressure sensors attached to the abdominal wall in the areas of the groin and the lumbar triangle. Methodology: In the experimental part, we tested 35 healthy subjects (average age 21.26t, SD ± 1,62) in 3 posturally different seated scenarios: 1. resting breathing, 2. with added external load (the subjects held a dumbbell 20% of their body weight) and 3. with maximum voluntary increase in intra-abdominal pressure (the diaphragm test). Results: An independent samples t-test indicated that the pressure created by the abdominal wall for both sensors in situation resting breathing increases in situation external load (HA1: upper sensor p=0.0079, lower sensor p=0.0009). We...
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Social Construction of Species superiority
Klicnar, Filip ; Vandrovcová, Tereza (advisor) ; Balon, Jan (referee)
This thesis charts the social construction of species superiority in the Euro-Atlantic civilizational area. The goal is to describe the process of construction of this superiority and simultaneously to describe the impact of it. The beginning of the species superiority was domestication of the wild animals. Second defining moment was the transition from a traditional into industrial society, in which the animals where materialized and considered to be an object in trading relationships, as well as the belief in legitimate use of animals for economic purposes in the society. This belief is thoroughly irrational. Throughout the process of reality construction the society begun to perceive the given status as natural and right. In order to escape the question of ethical contradiction it has crowded out the negative aspects of that reality from the perception of its members, in which some psychological mechanisms are helping individuals to escape the reality. The final chapter of this thesis charts the conditions that have made the Holocaust possible and on which our modern rational-economic system lays ground. These conditions are being preserved in the "nature" of the economic system itself.
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The Comic in Henry James' Fiction
Kudrna, David ; Roraback, Erik Sherman (advisor) ; Robbins, David Lee (referee)
The subject of this thesis is the study and interpretation of the interlacement of the world of comedy in several works of Henry James and the reflection in these fictions of certain specified problems and challenges of modern society which assist to bring forth the social ambience therein. In the author's opinion, the comedy in the said works of James, on the fundamental level, criticises and pokes fun at the evils of modern society and the characters who pay homage to them. The thesis argues that the comedy in the analysed works of Henry James satirizes several challenging, problematic socio-cultural and economic developments of contemporary modern times through the ridicule and stigmatization of the mostly despicable characters who, under the sway of these developments, perpetrate their negative influence on the lives of other characters in the selected works. To substantiate this argument the thesis looks at the following works of James: The Wings of the Dove, The Golden Bowl, The Portrait of a Lady, The Ambassadors, "The Turn of the Screw" and "The Beast in the Jungle." At the outset, the thesis outlines briefly several critical approaches to the comedy in James's works, comments on their validity, reveals the author's views, and points in the direction of the critical opinions and approaches...
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Philosophical Perspective in John Fowles' The Collector
Dlasková, Barbora ; Chalupský, Petr (advisor) ; Topolovská, Tereza (referee)
The present bachelor thesis deals with the book The Collector written by John Fowles. The thesis considers the novel from the philosophical perspective, especially from the Existentialist point of view. The theoretical part provides an overview of the philosophical themes which are subsequently applied in the practical part. The practical part focuses on the two main characters, Miranda Grey and Ferdinand Clegg, and their opposite life attitudes. Miranda is perceived as an Existential-heroine ready for an authentic life whereas Ferdinand represents Nihilism. Powered by TCPDF (www.tcpdf.org)
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Operation was successful, patient died. Ethnography of a resuscitation unit
Jurigová, Martina ; Stöckelová, Tereza (advisor) ; Hrešanová, Ema (referee)
This thesis is a result of more than a three year long ethnographic research of a resuscitation unit of a Czech hospital where I have been employed as a general nurse. I describe the character of provided care and show that medical care is not simply an answer to patient's needs and interests but it is shaped by wide range of different motives and factors which are often in mutual conflict. Not infrequently it is the case that interests of health care providers are preferred to patient's interests. I discuss situations when doctors are forced to act more as good accountant managers than physicians, which might often be in conflict with the idea of good care, and I show how care is negotiated in these situations. I also focus on relationship of medical technologies and its users, some ritualized elements of care and in conclusion explain an apparent paradox that care can be evaluated as successful even if it didn't lead to improvement of the patient's condition or her survival. Keywords: health care, medical technologies, objectification, medicine, rituals in health care
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The victimization of women by men - "hunters" and "consumers" - in Margaret Atwood's novels The Edible Woman and Surfacing
Skřivanová, Martina ; Kolinská, Klára (advisor) ; Jindra, Miroslav (referee)
The thesis deals with the early works of the Canadian writer Margaret Atwood - novels The Edible Woman (1969) and Surfacing (1972). The thesis focuses on victimization and objectification of the female characters through photography and consumption. The two topics are crucial for the two "body" chapters of the thesis. The first chapter deals with Susan Sontag's and Roland Barthes' theory of photography, and applies it to both novels. With the help of a camera, the man takes control over the woman. Similarly to a gun, it is a device with a release one can easily press to overpower its subject and turn it into a trophy - an object in its unalterable position one can manipulate with easily. Therefore, the thesis also explores the parallels between female and animal victims and hunting. Roland Barthes in his Camera Lucida (1980) analyses posing in front of the photographer. He is convinced that at the moment of picture taking the person waiting for the pull of the trigger transforms themselves into an object and thus loses their real self - with this version of the portrayed person, the photographer can manipulate according to his will. The gaze of the camera is unscrupulous and predatory; the thesis elaborates on it by the feminist theory of Laura Mulvey, who in her anthology Visual and Other...
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Philosophy of extreme voluntarism (Schopenhauer) and its influence on later authors (Friedrich Nietzche and Ladislav Klima)
LASTOMIRSKÁ, Jana
The work deals with the extreme voluntarism and his influence on later authors. First, is the work of Schopenhauer explained the concept of the metaphysical will. Here is insights will primarily as a form of objectification and the closest is served objectification of the body, understood as object.In next section, this will monitored in philosophy of Ladislav Klíma and his idea of egodeism. For Klíma however, metaphysical will lose its transcendent ability and insight from a purely subjective point of view. The last part is mentioned Friedrich Nietzsche, whose theory of the will to power and the death of God, could be an inspiration for the Klíma's idea of egodeism.
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