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Art group 12/15 Better Late than Never and its position in the Czech art after year 1989
Mayerová, Miroslava ; Bláha, Jaroslav (advisor) ; Čech, Viktor (referee)
Miroslava Mayerová Abstract Annotation Mayerová, Miroslava: Art group 12/15 and its position in the Czech art after year 1989. [Diploma thesis] Prague, 2019. Charles University in Prague, Faculty of education, Art education department. Title of the Diploma's Thesis: Art group 12/15 and its position in the Czech art after year 1989 ABSTRACT: The aim of the thesis is to describe and analyze the position of the Art Group 12/15 Better Late than never at Czech art scene after the year 1989, with an emphasis on generational changes and postmodern turn. In didactic part, the intention was to establish the awareness of the art group in the minds of students and, based on interdisciplinary ties, to repeat and broaden their knowledge of contexts. The theoretical part of the thesis is based on historical, art-historical and social science literature. To illustrate the time, atmosphere and position of Group 12/15 as precisely as possible, semi-structured and unstructured interviews with the group members themselves were used as a methodology. The diploma thesis shows that Group 12/15 and its generation are the bridge between the 2nd avant-garde, postmodern and contemporary art, maintaining the continuity of the Czech art scene. The didactic and practical part points out the importance of intergenerational discussion...
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MEDIATRE OF COMMUNICATION IN CONTEMPORARY PAINTING
Kopecká, Marie ; Pfeiffer, Jan (advisor) ; Kornatovský, Jiří (referee)
The content of this bachelor thesis is a comprehensive insight into the problematics of communication in art with the aim of application of specific theoretical principles into artistic experience with emphasis on the aesthetic education. Theoretical part of this thesis consists of two parts. First one is focusing on the historical development of the role of art in society, perception of art and starting points, which led artists to specific steps. The second part is focusing on the present. Here I mention the theoretical approaches to the issue of perception of art and visual communication, focus on what role the viewer plays in the process of communication and I analyze communication strategies of selected Czech contemporary artists. In the practical part I am dealing with approaches in my own art work, which is specific application of conclusions mentioned in the theoretical part. In this part I am focusing more on the process of my own work, on choices of particular themes, its specific rendition and following reflection with the aim of verification of particular effects of each medium, which should be integral part of every work in art. The didactic part contains theoretical starting points, which led to making didactic series and my own designed didactic series for the first degree of...
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Expression and purification of recombinant proteins of human Aichi virus and other kobuviruses
Ludvík, Tomáš ; Bouřa, Evžen (advisor) ; Petrvalská, Olívia (referee)
Viral 2Apro plays many important functions in the life cycle of virus. It is protease that is involved in the cleavage of the viral polyprotein in the VP1/2A region. The structure of protein contains active site, thanks to this the protein is able to bind various substrates in the host cell, which is essential for viral infection. With the help of 2Apro , the virus can bypass the host immune response and stop the production of key host proteins. Therefore, 2Apro is suitable target for antiviral intervention. In this work were prepared two recombinant proteins from Aichi virus and Coxsackievirus B3. These are viruses of the family Picornaviridae, which belong among the human pathogens that in some cases cause serious diseases. Aichi virus is the cause of gastroenteritis and Coxsackievirus B3 in the worst cases causes dilated cardiomyopathy. Cardiomyopathy leads to poor heart function due to it is enlargement and can lead to heart failure. (In Czech) Key words: recombinant proteins, 2Apro , Aichi virus, Coxsackievirus B3
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Effect of tyrosine kinase inhibitor cabozantinib and cytotoxic alkaloid ellipticine on expression and activity of cytochromes P450 1A1, 1A2 and 1B1
Měkotová, Barbora ; Dračínská, Helena (advisor) ; Jeřábek, Petr (referee)
In recent years, tyrosine kinase inhibitors have been more and more used for the targeted cancer therapy, due to their ability to disrupt intracellular signalling pathways associated with the development of tumours. Cabozantinib is the tyrosine kinase inhibitor which has been approved for the treatment of thyroid cancer and it is also effective against several other types of cancer. However, multiple drugs combination is often used in anticancer therapy, which may result in their cytochrome P450-mediated interactions. Although this may affect the therapeutic effect of the drugs and cause adverse effects on the organism, very little is known about the effect of cabozantinib on biotransformation enzymes. Therefore, the effect of cabozantinib not only alone but also in combination with the known cytostatic ellipticine on the expression and the activity of cytochromes P450 1A1, 1A2 and 1B1 in rat liver and kidney in vivo was studied in this work. The gene expression was determined by quantitative PCR, the amount of protein was studied by Western blotting and consecutive immunodetection. The enzyme activity was studied using specific marker reactions, 7-ethoxyresorufin O-deethylation for CYP1A1, 7-methoxyresorufin O-demethylation for CYP1A2 and 17β-estradiol 4-hydroxylation for CYP1B1. Our results...
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Vliv ZnO nanočástic na obsah fenolických látek v Solanum lycopersicum
Zelinka, Radim
Zinc oxide nanoparticles are highly variable materials capable of producing positive and negative responses to their effects on plants. Negative effects are often associated with their excessive concentration, which can cause oxidative stress in plants.Conversely, suitable dosages lead to positive manifestations of growth and improvement in the properties studied. ZnO nanoparticles provide plants with a more acceptable form of zinc that is well accessible and easier to use. However, information about their pos-sible toxic effect in combination with another stress factor is lack. The aim of this work was to compare and evaluate the effects of zinc in the form of nanoparticles (ZnO NPs) with the effects of zinc bound in chelate bonding (Zn-EDTA), in combination with UV-C stress factor in plants Solanum lycoperscicum L. Results of this pilot experiment show that both ZnO and Zn-EDTA nanoparticles of 10.95 mg Zn2+ /l in combination with UV-C radiation have a negative effect on vitality and induce oxidative stress in treated plants. The decisive effect on the toxic effect was based on the concentration used and the form of zinc applied. Differences were expres-sed in expression levels of genes affected by oxidative stress. The results obtained from the expression analysis of the genes made it possible to observe the individual transcripts used to respond to oxidative stress and also to provide information on the possible sy-nergistic effect of UV-C radiation and zinc in both studied forms (Zn-EDTA and ZnO NPs).
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Integration site distribution of expressed proviruses
Miklík, Dalibor ; Hejnar, Jiří (advisor) ; Kejnovský, Eduard (referee) ; Indik, Stanislav (referee)
To establish efficient expression of their genes, retroviruses integrate proviral copies into the genomes of the cells they have infected. Epigenetic events, however, silence expression of the integrated proviruses. This silencing protects host cells from harmful viral spread, but also creates a reservoir of latent proviruses that subsequently hinders the cure of retroviral (e.g., HIV-1) infections. Furthermore, the silencing of retrovirus-derived integrative vectors complicates their application in transgenesis and gene therapy. The goal of this thesis is to describe the interaction between retroviral expression and host (epi)genomic environment at the site of proviral integration. To pursue the goal, we sought to define the (epi)genomic environment of the proviruses, which expression is not affected by the epigenetic silencing. Diverse retroviral vectors derived from avian sarcoma and leukosis virus (ASLV), murine leukemia virus (MLV), and human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) were used as model retroviral systems, and expression stability of the vectors in human cell lines was examined. In order to identify the features unique to integration sites of the active proviruses, we sorted the cells positive for the proviral expression, identified their proviral integration sites, and compared them to...
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Expression of selected membrane transporters in placentas of pregnant women diagnosed for preterm rupture of membranes
Michalská, Martina ; Čečková, Martina (advisor) ; Jirkovský, Eduard (referee)
Charles University Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology Student: Martina Michalská Supervisor: doc. PharmDr. Martina Čečková, Ph.D. Title of diploma thesis: Expression of selected membrane transporters in placentas of pregnant women diagnosed for preterm rupture of membranes Placenta is a key organ for pregnancy maintenance. One of its main functions is transport of compounds between mother and her fetus. The transplacental penetration is ensured due to membrane transporters that are present in the apical or basal side of trophoblast. Their expression level is affected by many physiological and pathological factors, among others it can be influenced by infection and inflamatory reaction. Inflammation is also one of the risk factors of preterm deliveries and it can be therefore assumed that these pathological states are accompanied by changes in expression of placental transporters. This study was performed using 51 placentas obtained from Faculty hospital in Hradec Králové from women who underwent preterm delivery and on 15 placentas delivered in term. The study employed quantitative RT-PCR approach. The mRNA expression of membrane transporters ABCB1, ABCG2, OATP1A2, OATP1B3, OATP2A1, OATP2B1, OATP3A1, OATP4A1 was assessed and the results were compared to...
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The effects of endocrine disruptors on the expression and the activity of cytochromes P450 2B in laboratory rat as a model organism
Měkotová, Barbora ; Dračínská, Helena (advisor) ; Levová, Kateřina (referee)
Endocrine disrupting chemicals are compounds that interfere with natural hormones and they are responsible for functional changes which may lead to damage of the endocrine system. Their presence in the environment is associated with a number of diseases whose extent is hard to predict. As endocrine disrupting chemicals, a wide range of exogenous and endogenous compounds is present in the environment. Important exogenous endocrine disrupting chemicals include benzo[a]pyrene (BaP) and 17α-ethinylestradiol (EE2); the female sex hormone 17β-estradiol (E2) can act like endogenous endocrine disruptor. In this thesis, the effect of these three compounds and their combinations on the expression and the activity of rat biotransformation enzymes cytochromes P450 2B is studied. The gene expression was determined by quantitative PCR, the expression of the protein itself was studied using Western blot method and consecutive immunodetection. The results show that CYP2B expression is almost unchanged after BaP premedication, whereas estrogenic compounds, E2, EE2, their combination and their combinations with BaP, significantly decrease the expression. The enzyme activity of CYP2B was also studied in rat liver microsomes using the marker substrate 7-pentoxyresorufin. EE2, E2 and their combination decrease the...
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Expression and activity of rat cytochromes P450 3A after exposure to benzo[a]pyrene and Sudan I
Ličko, Vojtech ; Dračínská, Helena (advisor) ; Ptáčková, Renata (referee)
The aim of this Bachelor thesis is the study of the effect of two carcinogenic compounds, benzo[a]pyrene and Sudan I, co-administered to rats individually or in combination, on the expression and the activity of important biotransformation enzymes cytochromes P450 of subfamily 3A in liver - a main organ of xenobiotic metabolism, in which the amount of CYP3A is especially high. Using the quantitative PCR method, the decrease of the gene expression of CYP3A1/2 in the livers of rats exposed to benzo[a]pyrene and Sudan I individually or in combination, was observed. Using the Western Blot method with a consecutive immunodetection, we found the decrease of the protein expression of CYP3A in the livers of rats treated with benzo[a]pyrene and Sudan I alone. Specific activity of CYP3A, determined by marker reaction of CYP3A, which is 6β-hydroxylation of testosterone, did endorse the previous results only in some of the premedicated groups of rats. It can be concluded that the exposure of rats to both studied compounds with carcinogenic potential resulted in a decrease in the expression of hepatic CYP3A in vivo. (In Czech) Keywords: cytochromes P450, benzo[a]pyrene, Sudan I, expression, enzyme activity
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