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Monetary policy of the Federal Reserve System in finantial and economic crisis of the 21. century
Zemanová, Lenka ; Houštecký, Martin (advisor) ; Dvořák, Michal (referee)
This bachelor thesis is focused on a monetary policy which was applied by the Federal Reserve System in a period of economic crisis which started in 2007. In the theoretical part of the thesis is mentioned the definition of monetary policy, its tools and facts about the Federal Reserve System. The thesis describes slightly the beginning of a crisis. Then there are described tools, especially tools for providing liquidity to the finantial sector and a communication with public. In a next part of the thesis there is described a quantitative easing, its principles, periods and impacts on a balance sheet of the Federal Reserve System. In the last part, there is analysed the influence of monetary policy on economy of the United States of America.
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Lessons for ECB from the Fed policy with respect to quantitative easing after 2008
Pagáč, Peter ; Babin, Jan (advisor) ; Čermáková, Klára (referee)
This paper is focused on understanding of quantitative easing which was used by Federal Reserve System in order to decrease long-term interest rates. The analysis is mainly focused on connection between an increase in an inflation and an output and the quantitative easing. Analysis is also focused on the so-called "portfolio balance channel" as one of the main potential channels of quantitative easing influence. The paper has validated positive influence on output of U.S. economy. Moreover the paper shows potential effects of this policy in the Eurozone, which is the main goal of this thesis in consideration of its actual applying by the European Central Bank.
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Prediction of impacts of quantitative easing policy in the euro area on the basis of comparison with conditions and impacts of the monetary easing in the USA from 2008 to 2014
Malina, Michal ; Štekláč, Jiří (advisor) ; Ševčíková, Michaela (referee)
The bachelor thesis focuses on quantitative easing policy. There is a theoretical explanation of the transmission mechanism of this non-standard monetary policy tool, including transmission channels through which operates on the economy. There are also discussed attitudes of selected schools of economics towards this tool and monetary policy in general. Next part of thesis analyzes conditions and implementation of quantitative easing in the USA and the euro area. The main goal of this thesis is prediction of impacts of quantitative easing in the euro area on the basis of comparison with conditions and implementation of this policy in the USA. Results of the thesis shows that this policy should have weaker positive effects on the euro area economy than on the US economy and is therefore less appropriate instrument for current conditions in the euro area. The main reason is different distance between the crisis and initiation of quantitative easing in the USA and in the euro area, the economy and financial markets are now in better condition than right after the bankruptcy of Lehman Brothers. Furthermore, the capital market in the euro area is not as important as in the USA.
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Analýza transmisního mechanismu monetární politiky u nestandardních nástrojů v USA od roku 2008 po současnost
Řezníček, Lukáš ; Šimíček, Petr (advisor) ; Štekláč, Jiří (referee)
This bachelor thesis deals with the issue of transmission mechanism in the condition of a financial crisis and primarily focuses on partial analyses of using unconventional tools and their impacts. I have used analysis, comparison a correlation as methodological foundation. On the basis of performed analyses, I have concluded that the laid-out thesis: meeting the objects of a central bank via unconventional policy was verified. The benefit of my work is an overall view on US economy since 2008 to present and a description of its development, including alternative methods of and perspectives.
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Importance of sources of central bank liquidity during the financial crisis. The development of the lender of last resort function
Laga, Václav ; Brůna, Karel (advisor) ; Šíma, Ondřej (referee)
The aim of this thesis is to document the importance of liquidity resources of central banks during banking panics and financial crises and analysis of the development of LLR function. We examined three historical examples: the banking panic of 1866, the Great Depression and the current financial crisis, and we focused on the interaction between the demand for liquidity on the one hand and the supply of liquidity by central banks on the other. On the wide historical background we also analysed the changes in the function of LLR. We present that a restrictive monetary policy during financial market distortions may lead to further disturbances and cause serious recession. The analysis of the BoE during 1866 and of the FED between 2007 and 2009, on the contrary shows that the expansionary stance and considerably endogenous liquidity supply are able to reduce financial market's distortions and mitigate possible recession. Analysis of FED's reaction also indicated that should the LLR remain efficient, central banks must expand their instruments portfolio.
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Monetary policy in context of global imbalances in the world economy
Keveš, Ondřej ; Hnát, Pavel (advisor) ; Jiránková, Martina (referee)
The diploma thesis analyzes monetary policy in relation to the global imbalances in the world economy. The first chapter deals with historical development of the international monetary system and with effectiveness of monetary policy in the current monetary system. Chapter two defines global imbalances and focuses on their development and specifics. It also examines their connection to the monetary policy of the most important countries in the world economy. The last chapter discusses objectives of monetary policy in the modern world and suggests possible measures to reduce the global imbalances.
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Comparison of Speculative Bubbles in the American Stock Markets During 1920s and 1990s.
Hrúz, Dušan ; Johnson, Zdenka (advisor) ; Chalupecký, Petr (referee)
The objective of this bachelor thesis is comparison of speculative bubbles in 1920s and 1990s. The first part of the thesis is analysing the period before the burst of speculative bubble in view of situation on stock markets, development of monetary policy and real economy. The midsection parses causes of speculation bubbles which were similar in technological and financial area. The differences were in political sphere, which had influenced stock prices mostly in 1920s . The final part maps consequences of the great crash and burst of dot.com bubble on stock markets, real economy again and precautions taken by Fed, which didn't act against crisis in first years of Great Depression unlike the situations during early 2000.
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The Finance Crisis in U.S. and its consequences
Křesinová, Dominika ; Žamberský, Pavel (advisor) ; Bartušková, Hana (referee)
The topic of this bachelor thesis "The Finance Crisis in U.S. and its consequences" is to analyze the causes and connections that led to the beginning of U.S. mortgage crisis which has become the global financial crisis. The aim of this thesis is to focus on the causes and consequences of this crisis which influenced the U.S. economy in view of the fact that this situation was caused by Fed's policy to a certain extent. I have chosen this topic because this crisis is today still topical and some states are contending whit this crisis. The introductory theoretical part of the thesis focuses on the characterization of the crisis from a general point of view. The next point is summary of the facts about the important crisis which has influenced U.S. in the past -- Great Depression. The main part of thesis deals with the particular causes and reaction on these ones, the sequential course, solving and consequences of this crisis. The main question of this thesis refers to the end of this crisis -- whether the finance crisis which started in 2007 in U.S. is over or continues. And whether due to this crisis it gets in U.S. to the next bursting of bloated bubble and to the new crisis which will be caused by solving current crisis.
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Response of the Federal Reserve System to the current financial crisis
Zelba, Michal ; Koderová, Jitka (advisor) ; Dohányos, Vojtech (referee)
Objective of this paper is to assess efficacy and feasibility of measures undertaken by the Federal Reserve system during the financial crisis that erupted in the year 2007. Firstly, origin of central banking in USA is described, then structure and mandate of Fed. Discussion of causes of the financial crisis follows. This work sheds light on policies of Fed after the beginning of the crisis and analyzes their efficiency and suitability. The biggest focus is on quantitative easing and on its effects on long-term interest rates.
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