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PROHIBITION IN RUSSIAN COUNTRIES AND THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA
Mikláš, Martin ; Tajovský, Ladislav (advisor) ; Chalupecký, Petr (referee)
In this thesis deals with the issue of prohibition of alcohol. At the beginning of the work are discussed theoretical approaches to the prohibition of alcohol across the major authors of the economic community . Then I deal with the prohibitive measures in several countries. In these two examples, a detailed study of the causes , course and consequences of prohibitive measures are implemented . For example serves two major experiments in this area , is the first of Prohibition in the United States of America (USA) , second prohibition is almost unknown in Tsarist Russia, respectively . in the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics ( USSR). At work I have carried out a detailed study of the causes of prohibition in relation to the U.S. when I consider the prohibition of the years 1920-1933 for determining the direction of the legislative creation of Americans that influences the legislative power to this day. In the case of Prohibition in Russian countries I concentrated course , because unlike Prohibition in the U.S. was an administrative directive measures. In my work, I have proved that prohibitive measures nationwide scope of the pre- reliant to fail if they are not accepted by the general public . Under other circumstances, lead to circumvention of the law and the growth of crime. I am also on the basis of the findings refute the commonly accepted view that the prohibition in the USA in the years 1920-1933 was an absolute failure. The failure was undoubtedly related to the political point of view , however, if one takes into account the health impact on society, according to statistics reported for 1933. Prohibition changed the culture of the society as alcohol consumption , when the company moved from the bars and streets of privacy. Repeal of Prohibition was a logical step in the new circumstances on the 1930s
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The Impact of Prohibition and Excise Tax on Production and Consumption of Alcohol in the Czech Republic
Michlianová, Kamila ; Rod, Aleš (advisor) ; Chytil, Zdeněk (referee)
The thesis focuses on two hypotheses. The first one explores whether the prohibition in September 2012 in the Czech Republic had any influence on production of spirit. The second one is focused on excise taxes. We are interested if there was a change in consumption of spirits in periods before and after tax change. The hypotheses were tested on data from Board of customs of the Czech Republic for period from 2006 to 2015. We applied SARIMA method on this data. The results suggest that the impact of prohibition was significant in the following month after prohibition. The reason for this decline could be fear in society of dangerous alcohol. In the case of excise tax change, we found that people make reserves in period before the tax change. On the other hand, there is drop in alcohol consumption in the period after tax change. We concluded that the drop is temporary and consumption returns to previous level in six months.
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Analysis of short-term impact and estimate of long-term impact of legalizing marijuana on economic productivity of Colorado in 2014
Zavřelová, Lucie ; Štekláč, Jiří (advisor) ; Brabec, Petr (referee)
This paper mainly analyses the impact of legalisation of recreational marijuana on economic productivity of Colorado in one year period. The subject of literary research is theoretical function of drug markets, forming of demand, supply and price. Theory is focused on relationship between economy and drugs, impact of prohibition on society and economy. It estimates the consequence of legalisation based on scientific opinions. History of prohibition and health effects of marijuana are mentioned shortly. The second part describes the legislation and procedure of legalisation in Colorado. Empirical findings analyse the impact of decriminalisation and legalisation of medical marijuana mainly on consumption and state income. Practical part is focused primarily on full abolition of prohibitive mode and impacts of legalisation of recreational marijuana consumption mainly on tax income, consumption, criminality and unemployment in one year period, and evaluates the consensus with theoretical foundations. Closure is consisted of estimation of long range development based on short range analysis and economic theory.
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Prohibition - the most radical form of regulation
Haruda, Zdeněk ; Rybáček, Miroslav (advisor) ; Barák, Vladimír (referee)
The bachelor thesis is engaged with prohibition of alcohol in selected countries. It shows the origins of prohibitions and its impacts on social and economic welfare of citizens and countries. In the theoretical part of the thesis, there are introduced individual cases of prohibition implementations and analysis of their effectiveness is made. The thesis focuses primarily on the United States prohibition in its practical part. It introduces opinions of some opponents and supporters of prohibition. It also shows positive and negative impacts of this thirteen years lasting prohibition.
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Costs and benefits of alcohol probition in the Czech republic
Rokošová, Lucie ; Komrska, Martin (advisor) ; Slaný, Martin (referee)
This diploma thesis compares the profits and costs of the prohibition adopted in the Czech Republic during September 2012. The prohibition that lasted two weeks was a reaction of the Czech government on series of intoxication due to the proof of toxic methanol. The thesis detects, based on the comparison of the value of saved lives and costs that the prohibition cause, the effectivity of the government interference on the market oriented economy. The profits of the prohibition are defined as a value of saved lives of people, who would die because of the intoxication if the prohibition would not be adopted. The value of the human life is defined by DALY (disability-adjusted life years), the willingness to pay for prolongation of own life and the amount of potential juridical refunds. The costs of the prohibition are formulated as a value of unsold goods and services. Diploma thesis considers also impact of prohibition on tax collection. We can state that, based on the cost-benefit analysis, the adopted prohibition was economically effective.
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Development and consequences of legislative changes in gambling in the Czech Republic
Lenc, Martin ; Vostrovská, Zdenka (advisor) ; Ježek, Tomáš (referee)
Gambling in the Czech Republic is very often discussed topic. In connection to it we speak about regulation or prohibition. First law to regulate this sector is from 1990. With increasing speed of technological progress are also changing technologies in gambling. This essay shows that legislation doesn't respond quickly enough. When it reacts it is under strong influence of powerful lobby groups which are making holes in the law already when it is created so they can benefit from it later. Essay in its beginning examines the general approach to the issue trying to look at the problem through the eyes of supporters and antagonists of the regulation. As a result of the lobby mentioned before the standards of gambling environment was affected and to them licensed kinds of gambling, especially technical games (video lottery terminals, electromechanical roulettes etc.). As a result, there has been extensive and uneven expansion of one segment (technical games) at the expense of other kinds of lotteries. Technical games and slot machines generates 83,3 % of results in all kinds of games on the internal market of the Czech Republic. That is why this essay is mainly focused on technical games and slot machines. However, the ratio in European Union is even. The blame for this is especially § 50 article (3) -- law about lotteries, under which the Ministry of Finance can authorize lotteries and other similar games that are not in the law in first to the fourth part modified. A substantial part of the essay is devoted to "payments for public purposes" and exploring failure of this practice. The method of research is primarily descriptive analysis. The essay examines change of the law and how these changes are reflected in practice on the example of a particular company and in a broader context. Mostly based on actual data provided by the Ministry of Finance, accounts of firms and municipal budgets. The essay go through 2 most important amendments of the industry - in 1998 and 2011, and their consequences - the impact on businesses, municipalities and state budgets. The conclusion summarizes the findings in order to determine whether the legislation is moving in the right direction and comparison with other countries.
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Causes and consequences of alcohol prohibition in USA and in Sweden and their comparation
Kocáková, Katarína ; Šťastný, Daniel (advisor) ; Mičúch, Marek (referee)
The main subject of this study is a comparation of two different approaches in solutions of excessive consumption of alcohol in USA and Sweden. The both countries applied a prohibition for decreasing of the consumption. It was a form of National prohibition in USA and a form of rationing system in Sweden. A common feature of both solutions was difficult legal access to alcohol, after an initial decline there was the increase in consumption of alcoholic beverages and related subsequent rise in crime. Different aspects were: the introduction of a form of prohibition, and especially the sanctions for breach of restrictive limitations. The study also highlights the failure of both approaches in the USA and Sweden.
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Economics of prohibition: An example of the Czech Republic in 2012
Bartoš, Jakub ; Stroukal, Dominik (advisor) ; Babin, Jan (referee)
This paper presents an example of economics of prohibition in Liberec region in 2012. First, a model is built for consumption of beer in restaurants and for sale of beer in the supermarket as well. Using econometric analysis is shown that there decreased consumption of beer in restaurants and on the other hand, there increased sales of beer in supermarket during period of prohibition. Consumption and sale of beer is influenced days of the week, when the highest consumption is on Friday and on Saturday in the restaurants and sales of beer on Saturday in the supermarket. There decreased amount of crimes under the influence of alcohol during the period of alcohol prohibition and on the other hand increased amount of crimes under the influence of toxic substances compared to the same period in the previous year.
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Coca growing as a factor of Bolivian politics and economy
Šanda, Milan ; Pavlík, Petr (advisor) ; Jeníček, Vladimír (referee)
This thesis is devoted to coca cultivation in Bolivia and the impact of that activity on internal and economic affairs. Because of the overlap of these issues to the international environment it analyzes the current international anti-drug strategy, it's impacts and alternatives. Using different levels of analysis - from the international system to individuals - explores the interaction between them and it's implications on each other.
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Prohibition of drugs in condition of their mutual substitution with other addictive substances in the Czech Republic
Vilimovský, Petr ; Běláčková, Vendula (advisor) ; Houdek, Petr (referee)
This thesis analyzes regulation, prescription and prohibition of drugs in condition of their mutual substitution with other addictive substances in the Czech Republic; thesis investigates prices' and cross-prices' elasticities of substances and their markets. Comparison is made between regulated legal markets of alcoholic beverages and cigarettes, non-prohibitively regulated markets of pharmaceuticals and prohibited markets of illegal drugs. The thesis concludes that the demand for drugs is not price elastic. The demand for drugs is price inelastic but not perfectly price inelastic, as can be deduced based on the concept of A Theory of Rational Addiction developed by Gary S. Becker. The price of drugs, therefore, to some extent affects consumption. This opens the room to influence demand through pricing mechanism. The thesis also verifies The Theory of Economic Regulation developed by George J. Stigler and confirms that due to some substitution relationships between addictive substances it is possible speculate about the interests of producers of alcoholic beverages, cigarettes and pharmaceuticals for prohibition of drugs. Interests of producers of alcoholic beverages and cigarettes confirm their mutually complementary linkages.
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