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Spirituality and Mental Disorder: The Role of Spirituality in the Lives of People with Experience of Psychosis
Motl, Jiří ; Říčan, Pavel (advisor) ; Smékal, Vladimír (referee) ; Janošová, Pavlína (referee)
D I S E R T A Č N Í P R Á C E Autor: Mgr. Jiří Motl Spiritualita a duševní nemoc Role spirituality v životě lidí se zkušeností s psychotickým onemocněním Spirituality and Mental Disorder: The Role of Spirituality in the Lives of People with Experience of Psychosis Abstract The dissertation investigates the relationship of mental illness and religion. It focuses on the role of spirituality in people with experience of psychosis. In the theoretical part, the problem of drawing the line between pathological and normal spirituality is discussed, stressing the importance of a functional point of view and the need for a dialogic relationship with the ill person. The theoretical part goes on with mapping the potential of spirituality in the recovery process. Spirituality often helps the afflicted to perceive their illness as a meaningful process, making it easier to cope with the illness. At the end of the theoretical part, four alternative or complementary conceptual frameworks are presented. The empirical part consists of a qualitative research of nine subjects (believers with the experience of psychosis). The data collection and analysis is based mainly in the IPA method (interpretative phenomenological analysis). The research aims to map how mental illness affected the subjects' spirituality and vice versa....
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Copper and its pato/physiological importance in human organism
Bechná, Klára ; Mladěnka, Přemysl (advisor) ; Hrdina, Radomír (referee)
Charles University in Prague Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology Student: Klára Bechná Supervisor: Přemysl Mladěnka, PharmD., Ph.D. Title of diploma thesis: Copper and its pato/physiological importance in human organism Copper is an indispensable trace element of our organism. This thesis summarizes the current knowledge about copper, its role in the human body and diseases connected with copper dysbalance. The first part of the thesis deals with the physiological aspects. Functions of copper in the body are described here in detail, in particular the structure and properties of copper- containing enzymes - so-called cuproenzymes. The next section summarizes the current knowledge of the kinetics of copper in the body at the cellular and whole-body levels, including interactions with other trace elements. Details are also presented for each of the factors involved in the homeostasis of copper in the human organism. The second part of the thesis deals with patophysiology of copper. It is focused on the most important diseases that are directly linked to disorders of copper homeostasis in the organism. The greatest emphasis is given mainly on two of them - Wilson's disease and Menkes disease. The former is associated with an excess of copper in the body while...
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Morphology of Fascioloides magna life stages and histopathological changes in selected species of definitive hosts
Košťáková, Monika ; Kašný, Martin (advisor) ; Hodová, Iveta (referee)
Fascioloides magna is a trematode originating in North America. It is a significant pathogen, especially in cervids, but it can also infect ruminants kept for agricultural purposes.Adult trematodes are found in the liver tissue of their definitive hosts, where they can survive for a long period of time and produce large quantity of eggs. Those are passed through bile ducts and intestine with feces into the external environment. This thesis is focused on the morphology of individual developmental stages of F. magna. To this date only very limited number of literary resources concerning the topic had been published. Recorded results are compared with literary resources on Fasciola hepatica, a closely related trematode. The morphological characteristics of the individual developmental stages were studied by using histological, electron-miscroscopical and other methods (fluorescent labelling). The thesis also describes pathological changes of the definitive hosts' liver tissue. By means of the stated methods, the thesis expands the existing knowledge on the morphology of F. magna especially of surface structures and the distribution of the senzoric organs, some of which have been described for the very first time. Powered by TCPDF (www.tcpdf.org)
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Eating Disorders from a gender perspective: disease, or part of life?
Kaválková, Kristýna ; Kolářová, Kateřina (advisor) ; Ezzeddine, Petra (referee)
Eating Disorders from a gender perspective: disease, or part of life? Bc. Kristýna Kaválková ABSTRACT This dissertation deals with a problem of "eating disorders", which are defined in medical literature, media and magazines as psychological disease, which relates to pathological way of dealing with food, body and himself/herself. It shows that that this area is not neutral from the gender point of view; eating disorders are usually women's matter. Based on semi-structured interviews within the framework of qualitative research, this work analyses opinions of women, who have experience with this, especially their experience of their physicality and daily life. It is also focused on how women perceive the presentation of eating disorders, which concerns them, in media, medical publications and society and how they interpret their status as those who are recovering from this illness. Women's testimonies point at the fact that their surroundings look at them as persons defined through their illness, as persons, who are exclusively connected with pathology and stigma. This view of surroundings, media and specialists, however, omit the diversity of human identities. It shows that women alone can interpret their experiences in different way. They perceive their eating disorder in the context of dominant discourse...
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Vocal and Voice Disorders
Gerasimova, Olga ; Tichá, Alena (advisor) ; Volavá, Iva (referee)
This thesis deals with vocal and voice disorders and draws on czech and russian authors. The theoretical part consists of a survey of disorder classification by czech and russian voice pedagogues, phoniatricians, physicians and speech therapists. Practical part is focused on vocal hygiene and on description and examples of practical drills, suitable for prevention and therapy of vocal and voice disorders. In the end there are given several musical notation excercises that are applicable to voice training and therapy.
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Histology of the lungs with a focus on bronchogenic carcinoma
KAPOUNOVÁ, Pavla
The aim of this bachelor thesis is to explain the anatomic and microscopic lung structure as well as basic features of selected pulmonary disorders, especially of bronchogenic carcinoma. The thesis deals with types, causes, pathogenesis, symptoms, diagnosis, and treatment of bronchogenic carcinoma. The thesis is comprised of two parts. The theoretical part introduces lung development, anatomic and microscopic structure of the lower respiratory tract, lung structure and function, vascular supply, and lymphatic drainage. The most frequent nonneoplastic and neoplastic pulmonary diseases are described here. The practical part of the thesis is focused on tissue processing. This complex process starts with the removal of a tissue specimen from a patient's body (biopsy) and it is finished when microscopic slide is handed to a physician (pathologist). All steps are important; there is an imperative to prevent any specimen damage as it could hamper the diagnosis. All tissue specimens must be stored in a fixative and delivered to a histopathologic laboratory, together with a clinical request for a pathological examination. Following steps are carried out in the histopathology laboratory: macroscopic examination and cut-up, processing in a tissue automate, embedding, cutting, and staining. The basic staining method is performed by hematoxylin-eosin. Finally, slides are covered and given to a pathologist who establishes a diagnosis on a particular slide, or asks for additional examinations. These may be additional histochemical stains or auxiliary studies such as immunohistochemistry or genetics. All these methods may contribute to a final diagnosis of the biopsy. The chapter Frequency of diagnoses summarises lung biopsies examined at our department (Šikl Department of Pathology, University Hospital, Plzen, the Czech Republic) in 2015. In the discussion, the frequency of bronchogenic carcinoma types is evaluated with a regard to the sex and age. Several graphs are added. Research: CD133 as a prognostic marker for non-small cell lung cancers.
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Finite element modelling of pathological changes in human vocal folds tissue and their influence on videokymograph
Martínek, Tomáš ; Matug, Michal (referee) ; Švancara, Pavel (advisor)
Master´s thesis deals with creating planar computational model of human folds, involving fluid-structure interaction. With this model, the influence of changes in vocal folds tissue layers (stiffness, thickness) and their effects on the videokymograph image are studied. Analysis of the results also deals with the evaluation of pressure at selected points below, between and above the vocal folds. The results indicate a possible similarity with the behavior of human vocal folds with pathology. Background research of vocal folds function, an overview of vocal folds pathology and summary of computational models are included.
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Care of children with communication disability in regular nursery school conditions
BUCHALOVÁ, Kateřina
The bachelor thesis aimed to find out what care is provided for children with communicative disability in the conditions of a common kindergarten. The theoretical part deals with the explanation of the term communication, the human speech development from birth to the preschool age, and it also provides definitions of the communicative disabilities of children attending a common kindergarten. The practical part analyses the result of the questionnaires, interview and observation. It also evaluates whether the level of the care for children with communicative disability is satisfactory enough.
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Youth Criminality
DLOUHÁ, Miloslava
My bachelor work is focused on the youth criminality problems from the point of view of the adolescence period. It analyses the possible causes of the unlawful actions, evaluates the youth criminality development, taking account at different criminogen faktors. At the same time it evaluates the principles of the preventive politics in our republic, focusing on specifikations of this group of inhabitants.
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